A study of fault prediction and reliability assessment in the SEL environment

An empirical study on estimation and prediction of faults, prediction of fault detection and correction effort, and reliability assessment in the Software Engineering Laboratory environment (SEL) is presented. Fault estimation using empirical relationships and fault prediction using curve fitting method are investigated. Relationships between debugging efforts (fault detection and correction effort) in different test phases are provided, in order to make an early estimate of future debugging effort. This study concludes with the fault analysis, application of a reliability model, and analysis of a normalized metric for reliability assessment and reliability monitoring during development of software

Variants of ACO Comparisons for Network Routing Problem, An Analysis

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a soft computing technique which enables to sketch out the shortest path. It is carried out by observing the ants. When ants find food at a particular place, they go in a single line following each other in order to reach the destination. If there is an obstruction in between then an ant changes its path. All the ants’ starts following the ant in order to reach the place fast considering the path as the shortest path. This basically happens due to the chemical secretion "Pheromones" by the ants. This is the whole mechanism of Ant Colony Optimization. There are many ant based algorithms. Previously these ant based algorithms were used to solve classical problems such as Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), Classical Vehicle routing problems (VRP) etc. But algorithms have been gradually developed to solve Computer networking related problems including congestion problems too. It helps modifying continuously the routing table which in turn results in decreasing congestion problem. Congestion Problems includes Queuing delay, packet loss or blocking of new connections. These problems are the result of overloaded node. This leads to decrease in throughput of the system. The fundamental limitation leading to the above mentioned problem is limited resources including router processing time and link throughput. Using the limited resource and rescheduling the router repeatedly by using the Ant Colony Optimization technique will not only solve the problem but also will increase the system throughput

Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by Targeted Selenopolymeric Nanocarriers Synergizes the Therapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin in MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Increasing evidence suggests selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) as potential cancer therapeutic agents and emerging drug delivery carriers, yet, the molecular mechanism of their anticancer activity still remains unclear. Recent studies indicate thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a selenoenzyme, as a promising target for anticancer therapy. The present study explored the TrxR inhibition efficacy of Se NPs as a plausible factor impeding tumor growth. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized selenopolymeric nanocarriers (Se@CMHA NPs) were designed wielding chemotherapeutic potential for target specific Doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. Se@CMHA nanocarriers are thoroughly characterized asserting their chemical and physical integrity and possess prolonged stability. DOX-loaded selenopolymeric nanocarriers (Se@CMHA-DOX NPs) exhibited enhanced cytotoxic potential toward human cancer cells compared to free DOX in an equivalent concentration eliciting its selectivity. In first-of-its-kind findings, selenium as Se NPs in these polymeric carriers progressively inhibit TrxR activity, further augmenting the anticancer efficacy of DOX through a synergistic interplay between DOX and Se NPs. Detailed molecular studies on MCF7 cells also established that upon exposure to Se@CMHA-DOX NPs, MCF7 cells endure G2/M cell cycle arrest and p53-mediated caspase-independent apoptosis. To gauge the relevance of the developed nanosystem in in vivo settings, three-dimensional tumor sphere model mimicking the overall tumor environment was also performed, and the results clearly depict the effectiveness of our nanocarriers in reducing tumor activity. These findings are reminiscent of the fact that our Se@CMHA-DOX NPs could be a viable modality for effective cancer chemotherapy

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