Social networks and traditional metrics of impact in pulmonary medicine journals: a correlation study

Introduction: The Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) impact factor is extensively used. However, as the Internet has become widely available, new metrics are coming into play. Our research aims to determine whether a correlation  between the SJR impact factor and metrics reflecting social media activity does exist.Materials and methods: We have used pulmonary medicine journals indexed in the SJR. Variables of social network usage have been extracted from verified accounts. Bivariate analyses have been performed with the Mann-Whitney U tests, the correlation between social media-derived variables and the SJR impact factor have been assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results are presented before and after adjustment for the years since the creation of the accounts.Results: From 130 journals, 38 had at least one social network account, Twitter being the most commonly used (22.85%). The H index was higher in journals with social network accounts (Median 60 vs 17; p < 0.01). The global correlation between the SJR and the number of followers on Twitter revealed moderate agreement (r = 0.46; p < 0.01), which was excellent in open access journals (rs = 0.90; p < 0.05).Conclusions: The use of social networks is directly correlated with traditional indicators of scientific impact. The joint use of alternative and traditional metrics may be useful for journals in order to generate strategies aiming to increase their audience, as well as for researchers when deciding about the best option of disseminating their articles

Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 e 3 são preditores de mortalidade iguais? Estudo de concordância com base em unidade de terapia intensiva

Q2Objective: To determine the concordance of mortality risk classification through the use of the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 and 3. Methods: Through a retrospective cohort, we evaluated patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit between April 2016 and December 2018. We calculated the mortality risk with the PIM 2 and 3. Analyses were carried out to determine the concordance between the risk classification obtained with both scales using unweighted and linearly weighted kappa. Results: A total of 722 subjects were included, and 66.6% had a chronic condition. The overall mortality was 3.7%. The global kappa concordance coefficient for classifying patients according to risk with the PIM 2 and 3 was moderate at 0.48 (95%CI 0.43 - 0.53). After linear weighting, concordance was substantial at 0.64 (95%CI 0.59 - 0.69). For cardiac surgery patients, concordance for risk classification was fair at 0.30 (95%CI 0.21 - 0.39), and after linear weighting, concordance was only moderate at 0.49 (95%CI 0.39 - 0.59). The PIM 3 assigned a lower risk than the PIM 2 in 44.8% of patients in this subgroup. Conclusion: Our study proves that the PIM 2 and 3 are not clinically equivalent and should not be used interchangeably for quality evaluation across pediatric intensive care units. Validation studies must be performed before using the PIM 2 or PIM 3 in specific settings.Revista Internacional - Indexad

Parameters Identification and Gas Behavior Characterization of DBD Systems

This paper proposes an efficient modeling and an identification method for dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) systems, based on input–output (current–voltage) experimental measurements. The DBD is modeled using an equivalent electric circuit associated with a differential equation that describes the dynamics of its conductance. This equation assumes a homogeneous behavior of the gas. This paper introduces a series of polynomial terms of the current of the gas into the conductance equation. These terms, after identification, are a very useful tool to analyze the physical mechanisms that take place in the gas. The identification process also returns the numerical values of other DBD parameters, such as associated capacitances and the breakdown voltage. In addition, an asymmetric model for the gas, which considers the direction of the current, is proposed to consider the possible geometrical dissimilarity between the two electrodes of the DBD setup. Experimental measurements taken on two different DBD applications are used for validating the proposed approach

El renacer del fénix : La victoria contra el caos que cubre a la naturaleza humana

Este trabajo presenta una investigación sobre el Ave Fénix basada en los origines de su mitología y simbología. Se establece una conexión de la habilidad del Ave Fénix para renacer de sus cenizas con el poder místico del fuego. Todo con el objetivo de fundamentar desde una perspectiva artística, la utopía de este ser mitológico con la vida del hombre mortal: la victoria contra el caos que cubre a la naturaleza humana.

Bayesian thermal history modellingof detrital thermochronometric data

International audienceWe have developed a Bayesian inversionapproach to modeling both detrital and bedrockthermochronometric data. Following the approachpresented in Gallagher (2012), we use Markovchain Monte Carlo to sample many candidatethermal histories models. We use the present dayhypsometric curve in a drainage basin as astarting point to sample age-elevation profilespredicted for each candidate thermal history. Fromthese we can then predict the detrital agedistribution for a detrital sample representative ofthe catchment. In principle, discrepancies betweenthe predictions and the observed data may allowus to refine the sampling of the age-elevationprofile and infer a detrital sampling distributiondifferent to that implied from the hypsometriccurve. The methodology can be applied to theprofile data alone, combined profile-detrital data,or just the detrital data alone. The results do notdiffer too much, implying that detritalthermochronological data can be used directly toreconstruct thermal histories of a catchment. Wegive examples of the method applied to apatitefission track data (AFT) data from small (< 900km2) river catchments from the Santa MartaSierra Nevada in northern Colombia withelevations up to 5.8 km. The resultsreveal spatiallyvariable, episodic exhumation with a major peak inmiddle to late-Miocene (30-15).Gallagher, K. (2012), doi:10.1029/2011JB0088

Cenozoic tectonic evolution the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia

International audienceThe highest coastal relief on Earth occurs in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. With an average elevation of ~4 km and peaks up to ~5.8 km-high, this small mountain range lie only 85 km to the south of an abyssal plain ~3.5 km deep in the Caribbean Sea. A compilation of sparse bedrock and detrital low-temperature thermochronometric data, new detrital apatite fission-track and apatite (U-Th)/He data from modern river sediment and Neogene strata, and the stratigraphic patterns of adjacent Miocene-Pliocene basins document an episodic tectonic development of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Paleocene initial collision of oceanic crust along western Colombia triggered initial exhumation and westward monoclinal tilting of the formerly contiguous Central Cordillera and the Santa Marta massif. Subsequent late Eocene (~35Ma) dismembering of both ranges occurred in association with right lateral translation of the Caribbean Plate against the northwestern continental margin of Colombia. This episode marked the onset of contrasting exhumation histories, characterized by low denudation and pediment-formation in the Central Cordillera, as opposed to rapid, episodic exhumation of the Santa Marta massif, associated with normal faulting and opening of extensional basins along its southwestern margin. Multiple approaches to extracting exhumation rates from thermochronometry, including 1D and 3D reconstructions, reveal that following rapid Late Eocene-early Miocene rock uplift, asymmetric exhumation characterized the Sierra Nevada. On the southwestern margin, moderate to rapid exhumation favored progradation of alluvial fan deposits on top of underlying shallow marine and fan delta facies. In contrast, diminished exhumation prompted a reciprocal stratigraphic pattern in the northern margin, where facies retrograde, leading to accumulation of shallow marine facies onto fan delta and alluvial fan deposits. Thermochronometric ages of outcropping units, retrieved in modern river sand, imply a very recent (< 2 Ma) pulse of exhumation, possibly triggered by removal of lower crust, whose precise magnitudes and time constraints remain unknown

Secuenciación genética y mutaciones cromosómicas en cepas de mycobacterium tuberculosis resistentes a rifampicina

Los individuos afectados con Mycobacterium tuberculosis son más de un billon y cerca de 3,5 millones enferman anualmente en el mundo. La Organizaci6n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) considera que estarnos ante una emergencia global de tuberculosis que podría provocar 200 millones de casos nuevos y 70 millones de muertes antes del 2020. Se estima que en 1998 fueron reportados 8.8 millones de casos nuevos y que fallecieron por esta causa cerca de 3 millones de personas, 6% de la mortalidad global del año, La alta incidencia en la población, la convierte en la principal causa de muerte en adultos en edad productiva, es decir de 15 a 49 años. Se considera que 80% de la población está dentro del grupo de alto riesgo que puede padecer esta enfermedad y se asume que más de 50 millones de personas están infectadas con cepas resistentes (Guerrero,1998 y Rattan 1998)

Secuenciación genética y mutaciones cromosómicas en cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistentes a rifampicina

Los individuos afectados con Mycobacterium tuberculosis son más de un billon y cerca de 3,5 millones enferman anualmente en el mundo. La Organizaci6n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) considera que estarnos ante una emergencia global de tuberculosis que podría provocar 200 millones de casos nuevos y 70 millones de muertes antes del 2020. Se estima que en 1998 fueron reportados 8.8 millones de casos nuevos y que fallecieron por esta causa cerca de 3 millones de personas, 6% de la mortalidad global del año, La alta incidencia en la población, la convierte en la principal causa de muerte en adultos en edad productiva, es decir de 15 a 49 años. Se considera que 80% de la población está dentro del grupo de alto riesgo que puede padecer esta enfermedad y se asume que más de 50 millones de personas están infectadas con cepas resistentes (Guerrero,1998 y Rattan 1998)

Asymmetric exhumation and topographic development of the Santa Marta range, southern Caribbean Plate: Inferences from modeling of bedrock and detrital thermochronometry

International audienceEpisodic tectonic deformation along the southern Caribbean plate has resulted from the northeastward propagation of its leading edge. The transition from subduction to transform motion against the South American Plate has driven asymmetric exhumation and topographic development from northern Colombia to Venezuela and Trinidad. Here, we present a reconstruction of the tectonic evolution at the southwestern sector of this margin, in the Santa Marta Sierra Nevada (SNSM) in northern Colombia. The SMSN is an up to 5.8-km high and small (~14,500 km2) mountain range whose development is initially associated with arc-continent collision since Late Cretaceous and later on with srike-slip tectonics along the southern Caribbean plate. Inverse 1D modeling of bedrock AFT, AHe, and ZHe thermochronology in selected localities reveals rapid Oligocene-Middle Miocene (35-15 Ma) cooling associated with transtensional deformation, followed by slower cooling thereafter. Three-dimensional thermokinematic modeling further constrains exhumation rates to 0.6-0.8 mm/yr during this peak exhumation period and reveals that at least 50% of the modern topography is as old as 20 Ma. Despite the prominent topography and tropical climate, Quaternary catchment-wide denudation rates of up to 0.3 km/My derived from 10Be data in modern sediment of selected catchments document that slow cooling and denudation have prevailed since ~15 Ma. In addition, we applied inverse modeling of cosmogenic radionuclide-derived denudation rates with bedrock and detrital zircon U-Pb data from the same catchments to document the locus of modern denudation. Having independently constrained either (A) the thermal history or (B) the locus of modern denudation in selected catchments, we used AFT and AHe detrital data of modern sediment to infer either A or B in other catchments where we lack such information. Our combined results (1) provide a proof-of-concept of the applicability of modeling modern fluvial sediment thermochronology to infer exhumation patterns and (2) place time constraints to the passage of the transition from subduction to transform motion along the southwestern Caribbean-South America margin