Survey Paper on Emotion Recognition

Facial expressions give important information about emotions of a person. Understanding facial expressions accurately is one of the challenging tasks for interpersonal relationships. Automatic emotion detection using facial expressions recognition is now a main area of interest within various fields such as computer science, medicine, and psychology. HCI research communities also use automated facial expression recognition system for better results. Various feature extraction techniques have been developed for recognition of expressions from static images as well as real time videos. This paper provides a review of research work carried out and published in the field of facial expression recognition and various techniques used for facial expression recognition

A molecular dynamics study of the interface temperature in ultrasonic metal welding

In this study, mechanical and thermal behavior of the mating interface during ultrasonic metal welding is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In ultrasonic welding process, the reciprocating motion of the sonotrode together with the application of the external pressure on the mating parts are the sources of friction heat generation, high temperature gradient at the interface and plastic deformations. The rapid process of ultrasonic welding, which takes a few seconds at the longest, involves coupled mechanical and thermal processes. Therefore, MD simulations have been employed to elucidate the nano-mechanics of this complex coupled process within the picosecond timescale. To this end, the atomic scale simulations of the microstructure at and in the vicinity of the mating interface have been carried out. This contribution addresses the interactive effects of the process parameters on the interface temperature evolution and the diffusion behavior of the interface atoms at the atomic scale. The results of this work are compared to the results from macro scale investigations

Comparison of pain control between lidocaine and prilocaine spray (TEMPE) versus lidocaine gel in the treatment of premature ejaculation: a prospective randomized controlled trial in a tertiary care centre

Background: Premature ejaculation is the most common cause of sexual dysfunction. There is no consensus on the treatment protocol due to poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present pilot study was conducted to compare the efficacy of topical eutectic mixture for premature ejaculation (TEMPE) spray with lidocaine gel for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Methods: After obtaining ethics approval and written informed consent, 100 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Baseline values of intravaginal ejaculation time (IELT) and international index of erectile function (IIEF) were recorded. Patients were randomly assigned into group A (lidocaine plus prilocaine spray) and group B (lidocaine gel). After 4 weeks of treatment IELT and IIEF score were recorded. The findings were noted and analysed. Results: Both the groups were similar in terms of demographic and baseline characteristics. There was a significantly higher improvement in IELT and IIEF score following treatment in group A as compared to group B. The incidence of side effects was lower in group A as compared to group B. Conclusions: We recommend that the use of TEMPE spray for the treatment of premature ejaculation as it is better than lidocaine gel

Zoonotic Tuberculosis: A Concern and Strategies to Combat

Mycobacterium bovis is the main causal agent of bovine tuberculosis that causes zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. The most common routes of transmission of the agent to human are airborne transmission, consumption of unpasteurized milk, direct contact with infected animals or untreated animal products. Conventional diagnostic methods in combination with modern molecular and immunological techniques should be used for early and accurate diagnosis of the disease. Some of the challenges to tackle and eradicate zoonotic TB in developing countries are having many hosts, absence of early diagnosis, presence of other acute diseases, being economically unable to implement control strategies, and other social and cultural issues. Usually treatment is not recommended in animals but vaccination is carried out in some countries as a preventive measure. Due to the grave consequences of M. bovis infection on animal and human health, it is necessary to introduce accurate control measures to reduce the risk of disease in human and animal populations. Proper food hygiene practices, slaughter of the affected animals in developed countries, and segregation of the suspected animals in developing countries along with stronger intersectoral collaboration between the veterinary and medical professions are important for the control of the disease

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF QUADRIFILAR HELICAL ANTENNA FOR CUBE-SATS USING C-BAND FREQUENCY RANGE FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Design and analysis of quadrifilar helical antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is designed for cube-sats in the low earth and medium earth orbit applications. It is a combination of 4 helical antennas, each separated by 90o, with left-handedness and it is designed for operation at 4.5GHz. The proposed antenna has 11.11% impedance bandwidth. The antenna is designed in 2 steps to analyze its proper radiation pattern and input characteristics. The first step of designing is selection of a ground plane with perfect dimensions, which can operate at desired frequency. While the second step is to analyses the antenna performance for different helix angle using proper ground plane dimensions. The gain versus frequency curve has been obtained for desired frequency and it is showing more than 5 dB gain at resonant frequency 4.5 GHz. Thus, based on desired application proposed antenna has been designed

Disentangling the primordial nature of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds with CMB spectral distortions

The recent detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at nanohertz frequencies by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) has sparked a flurry of interest. Beyond the standard interpretation that the progenitor is a network of supermassive black hole binaries, many exotic models have also been proposed, some of which can potentially offer a better fit to the data. We explore how the various connections between gravitational waves and CMB spectral distortions can be leveraged to help determine whether a SGWB was generated primordially or astrophysically. To this end, we present updated $k$-space window functions which can be used for distortion parameter estimation on enhancements to the primordial scalar power spectrum. These same enhancements can also source gravitational waves (GWs) directly at second order in perturbation theory, so-called scalar-induced GWs (SIGWs), and indirectly through the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs). We perform a mapping of scalar power spectrum constraints into limits on the GW parameter space of SIGWs for $\delta$-function features. We highlight that broader features in the scalar spectrum can explain the PTA results while simultaneously producing a spectral distortion (SD) within reach of future experiments. We additionally update PBH constraints from $\mu$- and $y$-type spectral distortions. Refined treatments of the distortion window functions widen existing SD constraints, and we find that a future CMB spectrometer could play a pivotal role in unraveling the origin of GWs imprinted at or below CMB anisotropy scales.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, comments welcom

Longitudinal dispersion in wave-current-vegetation flow

The flow, turbulence and longitudinal dispersion in wave-current flow through submerged vegetation are experimentally examined. Laboratory experiments are carried out by superimposing progressive waves on a steady flow through simulated submerged vegetation. The resultant wave-currentvegetation interaction shows strong interfacial shear with increase in velocity due to wave-induced drift. The increase in turbulence in vegetation region is found to be about twice than in no wave case due to the additional mixing by wave motions. Solute experiments are conducted to quantify wavecurrent-vegetation longitudinal dispersion coefficient (WCVLDC) by routing method and by defining length and velocity scales for wave-current-vegetation flow, an empirical expression for WCVLDC has been proposed. Although increase in vertical diffusivity is observed compare to bare-bed channel, the shear effect is stronger which increases the magnitude of WCVLDC. The study can be a guideline to understand the combine hydrodynamics of wave, current and vegetation and to quantify the longitudinal dispersion therein.Экспериментально исследовано влияние растительности в жидкости на течение, интенсивность турбулентности и продольную дисперсию в системе волна – течение. В лабораторных экспериментах в установившемся течении создавались короткие волны, генерируемые волнопродуктором, и имитировалась подводная растительность (вегетация). Зона вегетации располагалась в придонной области и моделировалась системой вертикально подвешенных резиновых жгутов. Обнаружено возникновение больших сдвигов горизонтальной скорости течения в зоне перехода от области вегетации к чистой воде. Турбулентное перемешивание в зоне вегетации в два раза выше, чем в системе волна – течение без вегетации. Подводная растительность приводит к росту дисперсии движения вдоль канала. Увеличение скорости течения вызывает увеличение вертикальных сдвигов скорости и усиление продольной дисперсии. Вертикальное перемешивание с учетом вегетации на два порядка выше, чем при ее отсутствии. Выполнены серии экспериментов с целью количественной оценки влияния вегетации на дисперсию движения вдоль канала в зависимости от скорости течения, его глубины и концентрации подводной растительности. Предложены аппроксимации для экспериментально найденных зависимостей коэффициента продольной дисперсии от параметров задачи

Generation, annotation, and analysis of ESTs from midgut tissue of adult female Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Malaria is a tropical disease caused by protozoan parasite, <it>Plasmodium</it>, which is transmitted to humans by various species of female anopheline mosquitoes. <it>Anopheles stephensi </it>is one such major malaria vector in urban parts of the Indian subcontinent. Unlike <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>, an African malaria vector, transcriptome of <it>A. stephensi </it>midgut tissue is less explored. We have therefore carried out generation, annotation, and analysis of expressed sequence tags from sugar-fed and <it>Plasmodium yoelii </it>infected blood-fed (post 24 h) adult female <it>A. stephensi </it>midgut tissue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We obtained 7061 and 8306 ESTs from the sugar-fed and <it>P. yoelii </it>infected mosquito midgut tissue libraries, respectively. ESTs from the combined dataset formed 1319 contigs and 2627 singlets, totaling to 3946 unique transcripts. Putative functions were assigned to 1615 (40.9%) transcripts using BLASTX against UniProtKB database. Amongst unannotated transcripts, we identified 1513 putative novel transcripts and 818 potential untranslated regions (UTRs). Statistical comparison of annotated and unannotated ESTs from the two libraries identified 119 differentially regulated genes. Out of 3946 unique transcripts, only 1387 transcripts were mapped on the <it>A. gambiae </it>genome. These also included 189 novel transcripts, which were mapped to the unannotated regions of the genome. The EST data is available as ESTDB at <url>http://mycompdb.bioinfo-portal.cdac.in/cgi-bin/est/index.cgi</url>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>3946 unique transcripts were successfully identified from the adult female <it>A. stephensi </it>midgut tissue. These data can be used for microarray development for better understanding of vector-parasite relationship and to study differences or similarities with other malaria vectors. Mapping of putative novel transcripts from <it>A. stephensi </it>on the <it>A. gambiae </it>genome proved fruitful in identification and annotation of several genes. Failure of some novel transcripts to map on the <it>A. gambiae </it>genome indicates existence of substantial genomic dissimilarities between these two potent malaria vectors.</p

Resistive Switching Property of Bmim(Br) Ionic Liquid under the Influence of ZnO Nanorods

The majority of the research work in the area of resistive switching has been carried out with the help of organic, inorganic and hybrid materials. Only a few reports investigate resistive switching properties of ionic liquid and soft materials. In this report, we have synthesized ZnO nanorods (NRs) and Bmim(Br) ionic liquid using simple and low-temperature chemical route i.e., hydrothermal and reflux method, respectively. The structural study of ZnO NRs indicates that the formation of hexagonal crystal structure, evident from the XRD pattern. The FESEM image suggested the formation of nanorods like morphology. The effect of dispersed ZnO NRs on the resistive switching behavior of Bmim(Br) ionic liquid was studied. The study explains the change in switching behavior by dispersing the different concentrations of ZnO NRs in ionic liquid. The results demonstrated that the dispersed ZnO NRs in ionic liquid plays a vital role and will be a potential active switching material for resistive switching applications

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities |η| < 3 and are positioned inside the solenoidal magnet. An outer calorimeter, outside the magnet coil, covers |η| < 1.26, and a steel and quartz-fiber Cherenkov forward calorimeter extends the coverage to |η| < 5.19. The initial calibration of the calorimeters was based on results from test beams, augmented with the use of radioactive sources and lasers. The calibration was improved substantially using proton-proton collision data collected at √s = 7, 8, and 13 TeV, as well as cosmic ray muon data collected during the periods when the LHC beams were not present. The present calibration is performed using the 13 TeV data collected during 2016 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb⁻¹. The intercalibration of channels exploits the approximate uniformity of energy collection over the azimuthal angle. The absolute energy scale of the central and endcap calorimeters is set using isolated charged hadrons. The energy scale for the electromagnetic portion of the forward calorimeters is set using Z→ ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy