Design and evaluation of taste masked chewable dispersible tablet of lamotrigine by melt granulation

Lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug (AED) of the phenyltriazine class, is chemically unrelated to existing antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine is also used in the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder. But it is a bitter drug and slightly soluble in water. Thus, in the work under taken, an attempt was made to mask the taste and to formulate into a chewable dispersible tablet by complexation with Precirol ATO-05, which also acts as taste masking agent. Since, these tablets can be swallowed in the form of dispersion; it is suitable dosage form for paediatric and geriatric patients. Drug-Precirol ATO-05 was prepared in drug to Precirol ATO-05 ratio of 1:2, 1:1.5, 1:1, 1:0.5. The prepared tablets were evaluated for general appearance, content uniformity, hardness, friability, taste evaluation, mouth feel, in vitro disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets with Precirol ATO-05 have shown good disintegrating features, also, the dispersion not showing any bitter taste, indicate the capability of Precirol ATO-05 used, both as taste masking agents. Almost more than 90 percent of drug was released from the formulation within 1 h. Further formulations were subjected to stability testing for 3 months at temperatures 25±5ºC/60±5%RH; 30±5ºC/65±5%RH and 40±5ºC/75±5%RH. Tablets have shown no appreciable changes with respect to taste, disintegration, and dissolution profiles.Keywords: Lamotrigine; Melt granulation; Precirol; Taste masking; Chewable dispersible tablets

Experimental comparison of PVD, CVD and CERAMIC tool inserts in turning of hardened EN 19/AISI 4140 for optimization of surface roughness and material removal rate

Abstract: The literature study on optimization of surface roughness states that there are many parameters that affect optimum surface roughness to be reached after machining. It is primarily seen that many researchers carried out their studies on various cutting parameters (viz. speed , feed , depth of cut) as their input parameters and concluded that Feed is important paramete

The Tardigrade Damage Suppressor Protein Dsup Promotes DNA Damage in Neurons

Tardigrades are microscopic invertebrates, which are capable of withstanding extreme environmental conditions, including high levels of radiation. A Tardigrade protein, Dsup (Damage Suppressor), protects the Tardigrade\u27s DNA during harsh environmental stress and X-rays. When expressed in cancer cells, Dsup protects DNA from single- and double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by radiation, increases survival of irradiated cells, and protects DNA from reactive oxygen species. These unusual properties of Dsup suggested that understanding how the protein functions may help in the design of small molecules that could protect humans during radiotherapy or space travel. Here, we investigated if Dsup is protective in cortical neurons cultured from rat embryos. We discovered that, in cortical neurons, the codon-optimized Dsup localizes to the nucleus and, surprisingly, promotes neurotoxicity, leading to neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, we found that Dsup expression results in the formation of DNA DSBs in cultured neurons. With electron microscopy, we discovered that Dsup promotes chromatin condensation. Unlike Dsup\u27s protective properties in cancerous cells, in neurons, Dsup promotes neurotoxicity, induces DNA damage, and rearranges chromatin. Neurons are sensitive to Dsup, and Dsup is a doubtful surrogate for DNA protection in neuronal cells

Power Generation by Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Electrical power could be a prime necessity for any country for economic development. And power shortage could be a dominant downside, being featured by the foremost of the countries these days. On prime of this, typical fuel sources for generation, i.e., coal, oil deposits square measure quick obtaining depleted. The apparent solution is to shift focus to renewable sources of energy. Statistics reveal that of the big quantity of wind energy. The wind generation created by the motor may be hold on in an exceedingly battery and may later be wont to power the road lights. These wind turbines are transportable and may thus be used on any expressways or busy highways. A system for power generation by utilizing wind draft force from vehicles traveling on route provides a two kind of turbine apparatuses, one sort is for road facet that sits on the facet of a route; another sort is for road center that is put in on at traffic divider line at middle of a roadway. Once vehicle moves at high speed, heaps energy wont to force air in its means, by setting wind turbines on road facet and middle of road, some parts of the wasted energy may be re-captured. The rotary engine may be used commercially for low power applications. The implementation of such a project would scale back the dependence of a corporation or trade on electricity board

PIRH2-Dependent Dna Damage in Neurons Induced by the G-Quadruplex Ligand Pyridostatin

Noncanonical base pairing between four guanines (G) within single-stranded G-rich sequences leads to formation of а G-quartet. Self-stacking of G-quartets results in a columnar four-stranded DNA structure known as the G-quadruplex (G4 or G4-DNA). In cancer cells, G4-DNA regulates multiple DNA-dependent processes, including transcription, replication, and telomere function. How G4s function in neurons is poorly understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide gene expression analysis (RNA-Seq) to identify genes modulated by a G4-DNA ligand, pyridostatin (PDS), in primary cultured neurons. PDS promotes stabilization of G4 structures, thus allowing us to define genes directly or indirectly responsive to G4 regulation. We found that 901 genes were differentially expressed in neurons treated with PDS out of a total of 18,745 genes with measured expression. Of these, 505 genes were downregulated and 396 genes were upregulated and included gene networks regulating p53 signaling, the immune response, learning and memory, and cellular senescence. Within the p53 network, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 (Rchy1), a modulator of DNA damage responses, was upregulated by PDS. Ectopically overexpressing Pirh2 promoted the formation of DNA double-strand breaks, suggesting a new DNA damage mechanism in neurons that is regulated by G4 stabilization. Pirh2 downregulated DDX21, an RNA helicase that unfolds G4-RNA and R-loops. Finally, we demonstrated that Pirh2 increased G4-DNA levels in the neuronal nucleolus. Our data reveal the genes that are responsive to PDS treatment and suggest similar transcriptional regulation by endogenous G4-DNA ligands. They also connect G4-dependent regulation of transcription and DNA damage mechanisms in neuronal cells

The ACROBAT 2022 Challenge: Automatic Registration Of Breast Cancer Tissue

The alignment of tissue between histopathological whole-slide-images (WSI) is crucial for research and clinical applications. Advances in computing, deep learning, and availability of large WSI datasets have revolutionised WSI analysis. Therefore, the current state-of-the-art in WSI registration is unclear. To address this, we conducted the ACROBAT challenge, based on the largest WSI registration dataset to date, including 4,212 WSIs from 1,152 breast cancer patients. The challenge objective was to align WSIs of tissue that was stained with routine diagnostic immunohistochemistry to its H&E-stained counterpart. We compare the performance of eight WSI registration algorithms, including an investigation of the impact of different WSI properties and clinical covariates. We find that conceptually distinct WSI registration methods can lead to highly accurate registration performances and identify covariates that impact performances across methods. These results establish the current state-of-the-art in WSI registration and guide researchers in selecting and developing methods

Feedback Assisted Closed Loop Inspectioncontrol System

This paper is intended to focus on the advanced measurement system, developed for accurate measurements of, dimensions of, a valve guide of an engine. Snap gauges, pneumatic comparators, dial gauges, micrometers, etc are traditional instruments used for inspection. These methods may lead in inaccurate job inspection. So, to overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional equipments, one can develop an advanced measurement system using sensors, actuators and control system. The sensing unit of this system consists of two LVDT probes. Control unit is a programmable logic controller (PLC), while actuation unit has electromagnetic relay and a display. Along with this, a mechanical fixture mounted with LVDT probes is used to hold the job to be inspected. A job to be inspected has to be kept on mechanical fixture. Two LVDT probes which are fixed on fixture displaces as per the job profile. These LVDT sensors are integrated with control unit though an amplifier. Control unit is also integrated with display and a relay. Depending upon the signal received from LVDT, control unit decides which data has to be displayed and whether a relay is energized or not. The relay has control over the machine cycle

AUTOMATIC HAND BRAKE SYSTEM: A REVIEW

Hand brake is one of the most important components in vehicles. In general the hand brake   is operated manually but in our project, we are developing   automatic hand brake for safety purpose of vehicle. In cars, the hand brake, also called parking brake or emergency brake. It is usually used to keep the   vehicle in  stationary condition. The parking brake operates mostly on the rear wheels of the vehicle. It is sometimes also used to prevent a vehicle from rolling when the operator needs both feet to operate the clutch and throttle pedals. Large vehicles are usually fitted with power operated or power assisted handbrakes so force required to operate the handbrake in large vehicle is very less. But many accidents are happens due to forgotten of driver to apply hand brake. So to reduce these accidents the automation in hand brake is necessary. So tohelp to reduce these types of accidents, we are  working  on this project

Review Paper On Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Groundnut Oil Expeller

A manually operated multi-application oilseed expressing machine was designed and constructed usinglocally available materials. The machine consists of a frame, press plate, press cage, perforated cylinderand hydraulic jack. Each of these components was analyzed and results obtained were used as parameterfor sizing and fabrication of the components. Performance tests were conducted on the oilseed expressingmachine using groundnut seeds that were subjected to pre-pressing treatments of roastingtemperature and duration in the ranges of 30 –120oC and 10 –30 min and ground in to pastesrespectively. The results of performance test analysis showed that pre-pressing treatments significantlyinfluenced the performance indices of the machine at 1% level. Extraction rate decreased with increase inroasting temperature from30 to 120oC and duration from 10 to 30 min, while machine extractionefficiency depended on the product being processed. The maximum extraction rate obtained was 0.00125and 0.00133 kg/s for groundnut seeds roasted at 60oC for 10min and 30oC for 10 minrespectively. The maximum extraction efficiency of 45 and 46.6% was obtained at pre-pressin