Fatty Acids in the Meat of Buffaloes Supplemented with Fish Oil

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the influence of both a supplementary fish oil diet on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and n6 and n3 fatty acids on intramuscular fat in Mediterranean buffalo meat. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups and fed with Brachiaria brizantha, 3Kg rice bran, 500 g corn and 500 g sunflower pellets for 60 days. Group I received this diet only while in group II each animal received additional 100 ml fish oil daily. Results indicated a significant decrease of palmitic fatty acid in group II (232.67 mg/g fat) in relation to group I (254.73 mg/g fat). Among unsaturated acids (AGI), the 9c 11t CLA value of group II (21.23 mg/g fat) showed an increase in relation to group I (15.80 mg/g fat), while the linoleic acid content of group II (28,85 mg/g fat) decreased significantly in relation to group I (47,00 mg/g fat). However, the alpha linolenic acid showed no significant difference between the supplemented diet group and the control group (10.31 and 10.70 mg/g fat, respectively). Group II n6/n3 ratio was narrower (2.69:1) than that of group I (4.55:1). Summing up, group II diet, which included fish oil, increased the CLA content in intramuscular fat and decreased the n6 fatty acids, improving the n6/n3 ratio

Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia

The “Asociación Colombiana de Infectología” (ACIN) and the “Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud” (IETS) created a task force to develop recommendations for Covid 19 health care diagnosis, management and treatment informed, and based, on evidence. Theses reccomendations are addressed to the health personnel on the Colombian context of health services. © 2020 Asociacion Colombiana de Infectologia. All rights reserved

Densidade da madeira de árvores em savanas do norte da Amazônia brasileira

Densidade da madeira (DM) é uma variável importante para estimativas de estoques de carbono arbóreo em ecossistemas terrestres. Este tema é pobremente investigado em áreas de savana da Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a DM das oito principais espécies arbóreas que ocorrem na savana aberta de Roraima, a maior área de savana do norte do bioma Amazônia. Foram verificadas as variações na DM em função da espécie e dos diferentes diâmetros observados ao longo da dimensão vertical de 75 indivíduos amostrados em seis sítios de coleta. Foi utilizado o método direto para obtenção de peças de madeira do fuste e da copa. Os resultados indicaram discrepância significativa interespecífica, sendo Roupala montana Aubl. a espécie de maior DM média (0,674 g cm-3). Foi detectado que existe variação significativa da DM entre as peças do fuste e da copa, independente da espécie e do sítio de coleta. A densidade da madeira de peças da copa com diâmetro entre 5 e 10 cm pode ser utilizada como preditora da DM média do indivíduo arbóreo. Nós concluimos que a DM das oito espécies arbóreas investigadas possui variabilidade interespecífica, com discrepâncias entre a DM do fuste e das partes lenhosas da copa. As distinções aqui detectadas devem ser considerados como uma importante ferramenta para melhorar as estimativas de estoque de carbono em áreas de savanas na Amazônia

Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome

To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events42Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases

Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer

In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases

Efectos del consumo de leche bubalina con alto contenido de grasas trans en la degeneración grasa hepática inducida por colesterol en conejos

This work compared the effects of the two bubaline milk consumption, with low and high ratio of tFA/SFA, on lipemia and the development of hepatic fat degeneration induced by cholesterol in rabbits. Twenty New Zealand males rabbits were randomly separated into a control group (n=10) that received milk with low trans/saturated FA ratio (5.3% tFA and 67.12% SFA) obtained from grazing buffalos; and a high trans group (n=10) that received milk with high tFA/SFA ratio (25.84% tFA and 45.89% SFA) obtained from buffalos with lipid supplementation in their diet. The milk was administered for 75 days and its intake was recorded daily. From day 15, all rabbits were challenged with 0.93 g of cholesterol/day, orally, in order to induce hepatic fat degeneration. The serum lipidogram, ALT and AST were recorded. On the liver, lipid content, sudanophilic area, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration were evaluated. The rabbits voluntarily consumed 9293.13 ml and 9930 ml of milk with low and high tFA/SFA ratio, respectively, without difference between groups (p 0.404). Rabbits in high trans group registered higher serum levels of total cholesterol than the control group (6.08 vs. 5.58 g/l, p 0.049). The ALT were significantly (p <0.0001) higher in the high trans group than the control group. The liver lipids recorded a significant (p 0.0437) increase in the high trans group (10.62%) when it was compared to the control (8.68%).The high trans group recorded a greater extension of the sudanophilic area (37.05 ± 7.53% vs. 26.42 ± 12.55%, p 0.0338), a greater frequency of fibrosis (8 vs. 3 livers, p 0.0247) and more infiltration of macrophages in hepatic parenchyma (94.20 vs. 48 macrophages, p 0.0190) than the control group. In conclusion, milk with high tFA/SFA ratio contributed to increase total cholesterol levels and to increase the hepatotoxic effect of cholesterol, when was compared with milk with a low ratio of tFA/SFA. These effects are possibly related to the tFA content of this milk.Fil: Lertora,W.J. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General y Sistemática. Corrientes, ArgentinaFil: Villordo, G.I. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General y Sistemática. Corrientes, ArgentinaFil: Mussart, N.B. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital de Clínicas. Corrientes, ArgentinaFil: Patiño, E.M. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Tecnología de los Alimentos. Corrientes, ArgentinaFil: Montenegro, M.A. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General y Sistemática. Corrientes, ArgentinaFil: Cabrera, A.E. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General y Sistemática. Corrientes, ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Negrette, M. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General y Sistemática. Corrientes, ArgentinaEste trabajo comparó los efectos del consumo de dos leches bubalinas, con baja y alta relación de AGt/AGS, sobre la lipemia y el desarrollo de degeneración grasa hepática inducido por colesterol en conejos. Veinte conejos neozelandeses, machos, fueron aleatoriamente separados en un grupo control (n=10) que recibió leche con baja relación AGt/AGS (5,3% de AGt y 67,12 % de AGS) obtenida de búfalas en sistema pastoril; y un grupo alto trans (n=10) que recibió leche con alta relación AGt/AGS (25,84% de AGt y 45,89% de AGS) obtenida de búfalas con suplementación lipídica en su dieta. La leche fue administrada durante 75 días y su consumo fue registrado diariamente. A partir del día 15 todos los conejos recibieron 0,93 g de colesterol/día, vía oral, para inducir degeneración grasa hepática. Se evaluó el lipidograma sérico y los niveles de ALT y AST. En hígado se midió el contenido de lípidos y, en muestras histológicas, se evaluó el área sudanofílica, la fibrosis e infiltración de macrófagos. Los conejos consumieron 9293,13 ml y 9930 ml de leche con baja y alta relación AGt/AGS, respectivamente, sin diferencia entre grupos (p 0,404). El grupo alto trans registró mayores niveles séricos de colesterol total que el control (6,08 vs. 5,58 g/l, p 0,049). Los valores de ALT fueron significativamente (p <0,0001) mayores en el grupo alto trans. El hígado registró un significativo (p 0,0437) incremento de lípidos en el grupo alto trans (10,62 % de lípidos) cuando se comparó con el control (8,68 % de lípidos). El grupo alto trans registró en el parénquima hepático mayor extensión del área sudanofílica (37,05 % vs. 26,42 %, p 0,0338), mayor frecuencia de fibrosis (8 vs. 3 hígados, p 0,0247) y mayor infiltración de macrófagos (94,20 vs. 48 macrófagos, p 0,0190) que el grupo control. En conclusión, la leche con alta relación AGt/AGS contribuyó a incrementar la colesterolemia y a incrementar el efecto hepatotóxico del colesterol, cuando se comparó con la leche con baja relación de AGt/AGS. Dichos efectos estén, posiblemente, relacionados con elcontenido de AGt de esta leche

Influence of fish oil in the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid and omega 6 and 3 in buffalo milk

The aim of this research work was to investigate the influence of fish oil supplementation on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega 6 and 3 in samples of buffalo milk. A total of 24 female buffaloes separated at random into three groups were fed for 49 days with: natural pasture (group I), supplemented with 70mL of fish oil (group II) and 140mL of fish oil (group III). In the experiment the concentration of CLA showed differences (P<0.05) among the three groups, with a maximum of 7.14mg/g fat in group II. No significant differences were found in omega-6 among the three groups. The highest value of 3.82mg/g fat corresponded to group I, whicht had not been supplemented with fish oil. Significant differences were observed in omega 3 (P<0.05) in groups II and III with respect to group I. The highest average value of 2.42mg/g fat was obtained in group III. The closest relationship omega 6/3 (1.37:1) was observed in group III. As a result, the diets of groups II and III, which included fish oil, increased significantly the content of CLA and omega 3 with reductions in levels of omega 6