Home-range and space use by Didelphis albiventris (Lund 1840) (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) in Mutum Island, Paraná river, Brazil

Home-range is the area used by an animal in its daily activities. Home-range studies provide data on species mating systems and territorial behavior. Our main goal was to estimate the Didelphis albiventris (Lund 1840) home-range in Mutum Island, Paraná River, Brazil. The study was carried out in 2008 from March to October on a 19.20 ha grid. The island is part of the Parana River Islands and Floodlands Federal Environmental Protection Area, with vegetation composed by Alluvial Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in a region of Subtropical Wet climate. The sampling effort was 3,360 traps-night resulting in 152 Didelphis albiventris (Lund 1840) captures. Forty-one Didelphis albiventris (Lund 1840) individuals were captured in 42 capture stations, composed by a trap placed on the floor and another in understory (2 m high). The animals were mostly terrestrial, independently of age or sex. Four females and five males, which were recaptured at least five times, were used to calculate home-range using the minimum convex polygon method. The mean home-range estimate was 2.33 ± 2.32 ha, similar to previous estimates provided by other methods, suggesting that our capture grid area, that was larger than usually applied for mark-capture studies for this species, have not underestimated the home-ranges. Evidences of the relation between individual home-range area and body mass were observed. Home-range overlaps occurred between males, females and males with females; the average overlap was 33.74%, which may be related to a promiscuous mating system, and suggests female territoriality

Répteis em fragmentos de Cerrado e Mata Atlântica no Campo das Vertentes, Estado de Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil

Os dados sobre a fauna reptiliana em Minas Gerais são pontuais e revelam carência de informações sobre esse grupo, principalmente em regiões de transição entre a Mata Atlântica e o Cerrado. A área do estudo está situada no município de Ritápolis (21° 01' 37.07" S e 44° 19' 11.84" O), microrregião Campo das Vertentes, Estado de Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil. Pretendeu-se com a presente pesquisa conhecer a composição da fauna de répteis local. As observações, capturas e coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente, durante dois dias consecutivos, de agosto de 2005 a julho de 2006. As capturas foram realizadas por meio de armadilhas de interceptação e queda, distribuídas em oito sítios, sendo quatro em área de mata de galeria e quatro em área aberta, perfazendo um esforço amostral de 6.912 horas-balde. Foi também realizada procura ativa e encontros ocasionais com registros fotográficos dos espécimes, e, no caso de serpentes, alguns exemplares foram entregues por terceiros quando encontradas mortos. Registrou-se a presença de 31 espécies de répteis, sendo duas espécies de cágados, nove de lagartos, duas de anfisbenas e 18 de serpentes. Apenas os lagartos Cercosaura ocellata, Enyalius bilineatus e Tupinambis merianae e as serpentes Leptodeira annulata e Apostolepis assimilis foram capturados nas armadilhas de queda. Os lagartos mais comuns foram Ameiva ameiva e Mabuya frenata, e as serpentes mais abundantes foram Oxyrhophus guibei e Sibynomorphus mikanii. Os lagartos estão bem representados na área, com espécies típicas de mata, como Enyalius bilineatus, e de áreas aberta de cerrado, como Ameiva ameiva e Mabuya frenata. A fauna de serpentes possui representantes típicos de áreas abertas do Cerrado, como O. guibei e Micrurus frontalis, e de regiões florestadas, como Liophis poecilogyrus e Philodryas olfersii. A diversidade de espécies de répteis e o registro prévio de Amphisbaena dubia e Hydromedusa tectifera para o Estado de Minas Gerais indicam a grande potencialidade do Campo das Vertentes em revelar a ocorrência de espécies novas ou a ampliação na distribuição de outras

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990�2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardised analytical procedures. Improvements from GBD 2013 included the addition of new data sources, updates to literature reviews for 85 causes, and the identification and inclusion of additional studies published up to November, 2015, to expand the database used for estimation of non-fatal outcomes to 60�900 unique data sources. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined with DisMod-MR 2.1, an improved version of the DisMod-MR Bayesian meta-regression tool first developed for GBD 2010 and GBD 2013. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies where the complexity of the disease was not suited to DisMod-MR 2.1 or where incidence and prevalence needed to be determined from other data. For GBD 2015 we created a summary indicator that combines measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility (the Socio-demographic Index SDI) and used it to compare observed patterns of health loss to the expected pattern for countries or locations with similar SDI scores. Findings We generated 9·3 billion estimates from the various combinations of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs for causes, sequelae, and impairments by age, sex, geography, and year. In 2015, two causes had acute incidences in excess of 1 billion: upper respiratory infections (17·2 billion, 95% uncertainty interval UI 15·4�19·2 billion) and diarrhoeal diseases (2·39 billion, 2·30�2·50 billion). Eight causes of chronic disease and injury each affected more than 10% of the world's population in 2015: permanent caries, tension-type headache, iron-deficiency anaemia, age-related and other hearing loss, migraine, genital herpes, refraction and accommodation disorders, and ascariasis. The impairment that affected the greatest number of people in 2015 was anaemia, with 2·36 billion (2·35�2·37 billion) individuals affected. The second and third leading impairments by number of individuals affected were hearing loss and vision loss, respectively. Between 2005 and 2015, there was little change in the leading causes of years lived with disability (YLDs) on a global basis. NCDs accounted for 18 of the leading 20 causes of age-standardised YLDs on a global scale. Where rates were decreasing, the rate of decrease for YLDs was slower than that of years of life lost (YLLs) for nearly every cause included in our analysis. For low SDI geographies, Group 1 causes typically accounted for 20�30% of total disability, largely attributable to nutritional deficiencies, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. Lower back and neck pain was the leading global cause of disability in 2015 in most countries. The leading cause was sense organ disorders in 22 countries in Asia and Africa and one in central Latin America; diabetes in four countries in Oceania; HIV/AIDS in three southern sub-Saharan African countries; collective violence and legal intervention in two north African and Middle Eastern countries; iron-deficiency anaemia in Somalia and Venezuela; depression in Uganda; onchoceriasis in Liberia; and other neglected tropical diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is increasing the number of people living with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Shifts in the epidemiological profile driven by socioeconomic change also contribute to the continued increase in years lived with disability (YLDs) as well as the rate of increase in YLDs. Despite limitations imposed by gaps in data availability and the variable quality of the data available, the standardised and comprehensive approach of the GBD study provides opportunities to examine broad trends, compare those trends between countries or subnational geographies, benchmark against locations at similar stages of development, and gauge the strength or weakness of the estimates available. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY licens

Characterization Of A New Family Of Proteins That Interact With The C-terminal Region Of The Chromatin-remodeling Factor Chd-3

The two human proteins Ki-1/57 and CGI-55 have highly similar amino acid sequences but their functions are unknown. We analyzed them by yeast two-hybrid screens and found that they interact with the C-terminal region of the human chromatin-remodeling factor CHD-3 (chromo-helicase-DNA-binding domain protein-3). The interaction of CGI-55 and CHD-3 could be confirmed in vitro and in vivo by co-immunoprecipitations from Sf9 insect cells. Mapping showed that CGI-55 interacts with CHD-3 via two regions at its N- and C-terminals. The CGI-55 and Ki-1/57 mRNAs show highest expression in muscle, colon and kidney. A CGI55-GFP fusion protein was localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus and perinuclear regions of HeLa cells. These data suggest the possibility that CGI-55 and Ki-1/57 might be involved in nuclear functions like the remodeling of chromatin. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.53301/03/151420Schwab, U., Stein, H., Gerdes, J., Lemke, H., Kirchner, H., Schaadt, M., Diehl, V., (1982) Nature, 299, pp. 65-67Hansen, H., Lemke, H., Bredfeldt, G., Könnecke, I., Havsteen, B., (1989) Biol. Chem., 370, pp. 409-416Froese, P., Lemke, H., Gerdes, J., Havsteen, B., Schwarting, R., Hansen, H., Stein, H., (1987) J. Immunol., 139, pp. 2081-2087Hansen, H., Bredfeldt, G., Havsteen, B., Lemke, H., (1990) Res. Immunol., 141, pp. 13-31Rohde, D., Hansen, H., Hafner, M., Lange, H., Mielke, V., Hansmann, M.L., Lemke, H., (1992) Am. J. Pathol., 140, pp. 473-482Kobarg, J., Schnittger, S., Fonatsch, C., Lemke, H., Bowen, M.A., Buck, F., Hansen, H.P., (1997) Exp. Clin. Immunogenet., 14, pp. 273-280Koonin, E.V., Zhou, S., Lucchesi, J.C., (1995) Nucleic Acids Res., 23, pp. 4229-4233Cavalli, G., Paro, R., (1998) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 10, pp. 354-360Delmas, V., Stokes, D.G., Perry, R.P., (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, pp. 2414-2418Tran, H.G., Steger, D.J., Iyer, V.R., Johnson, A.D., (2000) EMBO J., 19, pp. 2323-2331Aubry, F., Mattei, M.G., Galibert, F., (1998) Eur. J. Biochem., 254, pp. 558-564Stokes, D.G., Perry, R.P., (1995) Mol. Cell Biol., 15, pp. 2745-2753Woodage, T., Basrai, M.A., Baxevanis, A.D., Hieter, P., Collins, F.S., (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, pp. 11472-11477Tong, J.K., Hassig, C.A., Schnitzler, G.R., Kingston, R.E., Schreiber, S.L., (1998) Nature, 395, pp. 917-921Ogas, J., Kaufmann, S., Henderson, J., Somerville, C., (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, pp. 13839-13844Zhang, Y., LeRoy, G., Seelig, H.P., Lane, W.S., Reinberg, D., (1998) Cell, 95, pp. 279-289Mitchell, P.J., Tjian, R., (1989) Science, 245, pp. 371-378Felsenfeld, G., (1992) Nature, 355, pp. 219-224Bartel, P.L., Fields, S., (1995) Methods Enzymol., 254, pp. 241-263Moraes, K.C.M., Quaresma, A.J.C., Maehnss, K., Kobarg, J., (2003) Biol. Chem., 384. , in pressMaehnss, K., Kobarg, J., Schmitt, W.H., Hansen, H.P., Lange, H., Csernok, E., Gross, W.L., Lemke, H., (2002) J. Autoimmun., 18, pp. 239-250Vojtek, A.B., Hollenberg, S.M., (1995) Methods Enzymol., 255, pp. 331-342Durfee, T., Becherer, K., Chen, P.L., Yeh, S.H., Yang, Y., Kilburn, A.E., Lee, W.H., Elledge, S.J., (1993) Genes Dev., 7, pp. 555-569Zhang, W., Wagner, B.J., Ehrenman, K., Schaefer, A.W., DeMaria, C.T., Crater, D., DeHaven, K., Brewer, G., (1993) Mol. Cell Biol., 13, pp. 7652-7665Huang, L., Grammatikakis, N., Yoneda, M., Banerjee, S.D., Toole, B.P., (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, pp. 29829-29839Wierenga, R.K., Hol, W.G., (1983) Nature, 302, pp. 842-844Sternberg, M.J., Taylor, W.R., (1984) FEBS Lett., 175, pp. 387-392Heaton, J.H., Dlakic, W.M., Dlakic, M., Gelehrter, T.D., (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276, pp. 3341-334