Desempenho de Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) sobre ovos de Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Diatraea flavipennella and D. saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), as well as the biological characteristics of the parasitoid in both hosts, and to elaborate the fertility life table. For this, tests with and without choice and bioassays to evaluate the biological characteristics of the parasitoid in both hosts were performed. The fertility life table was developed through daily parasitism of T. galloi females on the hosts. The percentage results of parasitism in free-choice tests showed a better acceptance by T. galloi concerning eggs of D. flavipennella. Regarding the biological parameters of the parasitoid in both species, there was no significant difference. Fertility life table results show that D. flavipennella and D. saccharalis allow population increase for T. galloi. The parasitoid T. galloi has satisfactory performance in both hosts, and is a potential control agent for these speciesO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de Trichogramma galloi  (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) sobre ovos de Diatraea flavipennella e D. saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), assim como as características biológicas do parasitoide em ambos os hospedeiros, e elaborar a tabela de vida de fertilidade. Para isso, foram realizados testes com e sem chance de escolha e bioensaios para avaliar as características biológicas do parasitoide em ambos os hospedeiros. A tabela de vida de fertilidade foi elaborada por meio do parasitismo diário das fêmeas de T. galloi sobre os hospedeiros. Os resultados da percentagem de parasitismo em testes com chance de escolha mostraram uma melhor aceitação por parte de T. galloi quanto a ovos de D. flavipennella. Com relação aos parâmetros biológicos do parasitoide em ambas as espécies, não houve diferença significativa. Resultados da tabela de vida de fertilidade evidenciam que D. flavipennella e D. saccharalis permitem aumento populacional para T. galloi. O parasitoide T. galloi apresenta desempenho satisfatório em ambos os hospedeiros, sendo um potencial agente de controle para essas espécies

Acute respiratory viral infections in pediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of infection by respiratory viruses in pediatric patients with cancer and acute respiratory infection (ARI) and/or fever.MethodsCross-sectional study, from January 2011 to December 2012. The secretions of nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed in children younger than 21 years with acute respiratory infections. Patients were treated at the Grupo em Defesa da Criança Com Câncer (Grendacc) and University Hospital (HU), Jundiaí, SP. The rapid test was used for detection of influenza virus (Kit Biotrin, Inc., Ireland), and real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (FTD, Respiratory pathogens, multiplex Fast Trade Kit, Malta) for detection of influenza virus (H1N1, B), rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human parechovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus, and human coronavirus. The prevalence of viral infection was estimated and association tests were used (χ2 or Fisher's exact test).Results104 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirate and blood were analyzed. The median age was 12±5.2 years, 51% males, 68% whites, 32% had repeated ARIs, 32% prior antibiotic use, 19.8% cough, and 8% contact with ARIs. A total of 94.3% were in good general status. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (42.3%) was the most prevalent neoplasia. Respiratory viruses were detected in 50 samples: rhinoviruses (23.1%), respiratory syncytial virus AB (8.7%), and coronavirus (6.8%). Codetection occurred in 19% of cases with 2 viruses and in 3% of those with 3 viruses, and was more frequent between rhinovirus and coronavirus 43. Fever in neutropenic patients was observed in 13%, of which four (30.7) were positive for viruses. There were no deaths.ConclusionsThe prevalence of respiratory viruses was relevant in the infectious episode, with no increase in morbidity and mortality. Viral co-detection was frequent in patients with cancer and ARIs

Idoneidad de Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) y Aleurodicus cocois (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) como fuentes de alimento para Ceraeochrysa cornuta (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

This study aimed to compare the suitability of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) and Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis, 1846) as food sources for Ceraeochrysa cornuta (Navás, 1925) based on the assessment of the development and reproductive parameters of this predator. For this, E. kuehniella eggs or all developmental stages of A. cocois were used as prey and the effects were evaluated on developmental time, survival, viability, longevity, and fecundity of C. cornuta. Ceraeochrysa cornuta completed its development cycle from larvae to adult in 22 d or in 27 d when it preyed on E. kuehniella or on A. cocois, respectively. This could be explained by longer larval instars for C. cornuta feeding on A. cocois. The larval survival was higher when C. cornuta larvae fed on E. kuehniella than when it fed on A. cocois, increasing progressively from 79.82 % in the first to 97.56 % in the third instar. Although the diets did not influence female longevity, oviposition period and egg viability, the total number of eggs laid per female of C. cornuta was higher when their larvae fed on A. cocois. The results indicate that both E. kuehniella eggs and A. cocois developmental stages are suitable prey for rearing C. cornuta. In addition, this predator showed an outstanding potential for controlling A. cocois.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la idoneidad de Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) y Aleurodicus cocois (Curtis, 1846) como fuentes de alimento para Ceraeochrysa cornuta (Navás, 1925), sobre la base de la evaluación de sus parámetros reproductivos y de desarrollo. Para esto, se utilizaron como presa huevos de E. kuehniella o todas las etapas de desarrollo de A. cocois y se evaluaron sus efectos sobre el tiempo de desarrollo, sobrevivencia, viabilidad, longevidad y fecundidad de este depredador. C. cornuta completó su ciclo de desarrollo de larva a adulto en 22 días y en 27 días cuando se alimenta de E. kuehniella y A. cocois, respectivamente. La supervivencia del período larvario fue mayor cuando las larvas de C. cornuta se alimentaron de E. kuehniella en comparación con A. cocois como fuente de alimento, que aumentó progresivamente del 79,82 % en el primero al 97,56 % en el tercer estadio. Aunque las dietas no influyeron en la longevidad de las hembras de esta especie, el periodo de oviposición y la viabilidad de los huevos, así como el número total de huevos puestos por hembra fueron mayores cuando sus larvas se alimentaron de A. cocois. Los resultados indican que tanto los huevos de E. kuehniella como los estados inmaduros de A. cocois son presas adecuadas para la cría de C. cornuta. Adicionalmente, este depredador podría considerarse como un agente de control biológico promisorio para el manejo de A. cocois

A espiritualidade no enfrentamento do luto: Compreender para cuidar / Spirituality in the mourning confrontation: Understanding to care

O presente trabalho aduz a reflexões a respeito da espiritualidade como estratégia de enfrentamento do processo de luto, enfatizando a importância da compreensão e valorização da dimensão espiritual pelos profissionais de saúde durante à assistência aos enlutados. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, sob uma análise reflexiva da literatura com enfoque em importantes referenciais filosóficos que abordam a morte, o luto e a espiritualidade. Lidar com a finitude da vida de um ente querido é uma experiência de dor e sofrimento e que leva o indivíduo a desenvolver estratégias a fim de superar as dificuldades vivenciadas diante do luto. Considerando a espiritualidade como uma das estratégias individuais benéficas, essa precisa ser respeitada pelos que estão próximos ao enlutado e otimizada pelos profissionais que acolhem e exercem o cuidado nesse período penoso. Espera-se através deste trabalho, um despertar dos profissionais da saúde sobre a importância da consciência sobre o fenômeno da morte e da espiritualidade de cada pessoa, para que durante a assistência possam desenvolver um acolhimento mais amplo aos enlutados, valorizando a essência do ser humano e fortalecendo os cuidados de saúde em um momento de intensa dor emocional

Physical therapists at the Complexo Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo: profile and expectations

Este trabalho foi realizado pela Coordenadoria das Atividades de Fisioterapia (CAFIS) e teve como objetivo identificar o perfil dos fisioterapeutas que trabalham no Complexo Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HC/FMUSP, bem como suas expectativas em relação ao aperfeiçoamento profissional. Dentre os 125 fisioterapeutas que atuam no Complexo, 115 responderam ao questionário, evidenciando-se nas respostas que 78% deles são jovens (menos de 30 anos), formados há menos de 10 anos, e tem vínculo empregatício com o HC em parceria com as fundações Zerbini e Faculdade de Medicina; a participação em reciclagem, atualização e pesquisa figura nas expectativas de todos os profissionais entrevistados.This survey, carried out by the Coordination of Physical Therapy Activities (CAFIS), aimed at better knowing the profile and professional expectations of the 125 therapists at work in the Complex Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 115 of them have answered the questionnaire, showing that 78% are young (under 30), graduated less than 10 years ago and have working links with the Hospital in partnership with the foundations Zerbini and Faculdade de Medicina; the participation in recycling, updating and research activities is among the expectations of all the inquired subjects

Inquérito sorológico da infecção pelos vírus da encefalomielite equina no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

The occurrence of Equine Eastern Encephalomyelitis (EEE), Equine Western Encephalomyelitis (WEE) and Equine Venezuelan Encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus infection was investigated in equids not vaccinated against these viruses. The animals were distributed  in ten regional districts of the state of Minas Gerais (Almenara, Bambuí, Curvelo, Governador Valadares, Montes Claros, Oliveira, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Teófilo Otoni, Unaí e Viçosa). Microplate serum neutralization test was used to detect antibodies against encephalitis virus. Two hundred and fifty animals (30.2%, 250/826) were EEE-seropositive, while 1.9% of them (16/826) were VEE-seropositive. No animals were found to be seropositive for WEE. In conclusion, either EEE or VEE viruses circulate in the equid population of the state of Minas Gerais.Foi investigada a ocorrência da infecção pelos vírus da Encelafalomielite Equina do Leste (EEE), Encefalomielite Equina do Oeste (WEE) e Encefalomielite Equina Venezuelana (VEE) em equídeos não vacinados contra tais agentes, criadosem dez Delegacias Regionaisdo Estado de Minas Gerais (Almenara, Bambuí, Curvelo, Governador Valadares, Montes Claros, Oliveira, São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Teófilo Otoni, Unaí e Viçosa) empregando-se a técnica de soroneutralização em microplacas Dos 826 animais examinados, 30,2% (250/826) foram soropositivos para o EEE e 1,9% (16/826) para o VEE. Não foram detectados animais sororeagentes para o WEE. Conclui-se que tanto o vírus tipo leste como o venezuelano da Encelafalomielite Equina circulam na população equina do Estado de Minas Gerais

Um acervo, uma coleção e três problemas: a Coleção Jacques Pilon da Biblioteca da FAUUSP

Este artigo examina a constituição do Acervo de Projetos de arquitetura da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), o tratamento da Coleção Jacques Pilon e os rendimentos do projeto de arquitetura como fonte documental a partir de três questões interligadas: a constituição do campo arquitetônico no Brasil; a história de São Paulo e sua arquitetura; e a contribuição dos arquitetos estrangeiros para a construção da cidade entre 1930 e 1960. A partir da abordagem de novas e velhas fontes de pesquisa, procura-se articular a história da arquitetura com outros campos do conhecimento nem sempre a ela relacionados, mas que juntos podem contribuir para uma leitura mais complexa da produção arquitetônica e para os esforços de revisão da historiografia da arquitetura moderna no Brasil.This article examines the establishment of the Archive of Projects of the Library of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of Sao Paulo (FAUUSP), the treatment of the Collection Jacques Pilon and the architectural design as a documentary source from three interconnected issues: the constitution of the architectural field in Brazil; the history of São Paulo and its architecture and the contribution of foreign architects to build the city between the years 1930 and 1960. From the approach of new and old sources of research, this article seeks to articulate the History of Architecture with other fields of knowledge not always related to it, but that together it can contribute to a more complex reading of architectural production and to efforts of reviewing the historiography of modern architecture in Brazil

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery