Teaching with emerging experience: to develop leadership and innovation skills

This paper is based on a hands-on session proposed at ALE 2009 Conference (Active Learning for Engineering Education). It presents a teaching practice used at Ecole Centrale Paris (ECP) to foster engineering students’ leadership and innovation skills and to help them going through major paradigm shifts. Considering a class as a human complex system, teachers work in a posture of facilitators or coaches who orchestrate a learning process. Instead of transmitting knowledge as traditional professors, they focus on the relationships in the classroom and the experience emerging from them.Peer Reviewe

Nutrition Transition and Biocultural Determinants of Obesity among Cameroonian Migrants in Urban Cameroon and France.

Native of rural West Cameroon, the Bamiléké population is traditionally predisposed to obesity. Bamiléké who migrated to urban areas additionally experience the nutrition transition. We investigated the biocultural determinants of obesity in Bamiléké who migrated to urban Cameroon (Yaoundé), or urban France (Paris). We conducted qualitative interviews (n = 36; 18 men) and a quantitative survey (n = 627; 266 men) of adults using two-stage sampling strategy, to determine the association of dietary intake, physical activity and body weight norms with obesity of Bamiléké populations in these three socio-ecological areas (rural Cameroon: n = 258; urban Cameroon: n = 319; urban France: n = 50). The Bamiléké valued overweight and traditional energy-dense diets in rural and urban Cameroon. Physical activity levels were lower, consumption of processed energy-dense food was frequent and obesity levels higher in new migrants living in urban Cameroon and France. Female sex, age, duration of residence in urban areas, lower physical activity and valorisation of overweight were independently associated with obesity status. This work argues in favour of local and global health policies that account for the origin and the migration trajectories to prevent obesity in migrants

alpha-Tocopherol Acetate Attenuates Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Maintains Primitive Cells within Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Population

We present here the data showing, in standard cultures exposed to atmospheric O-2 concentration, that alpha-tocopherol acetate (alpha-TOA) has a positive impact on primitive cells inside mesenchymal stromal cell (MstroC) population, by maintaining their proliferative capacity. alpha-TOA decreases the O-2 consumption rate of MStroC probably by impacting respiratory chain complex II activity. This action, however, is not associated with a compensatory increase in glycolysis activity, in spite of the fact that the degradation of HIF-1 alpha was decreased in presence of alpha-TOA. This is in line with a moderate enhancement of mtROS upon alpha-TOA treatment. However, the absence of glycolysis stimulation implies the inactivity of HIF-1 alpha which might - if it were active - be related to the maintenance of stemness. It should be stressed that alpha-TOA might act directly on the gene expression as well as the mtROS themselves, which remains to be elucidated.This is the peer reviewed version of the paper: Loncarić, D., Rodriguez, L., Debeissat, C., Touya, N., Labat, V., Villacreces, A., Bouzier-Sore, A.-K., Pasquet, J.-M., de la Grange, P. B., Vlaski-Lafarge, M., Pavlović, S., & Ivanović, Z. (2021). Alpha-Tocopherol Acetate Attenuates Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Maintains Primitive Cells within Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Population. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 17(4), 1390–1405.[ https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10111-9]Related to published version: [https://imagine.imgge.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1491

Comparison of single- and multi-trait approaches to identify best wild candidates for aquaculture shows that the simple way fails

International audiencein agriculture, diversifying production implies picking up, in the wild biodiversity, species or populations that can be domesticated and fruitfully produced. two alternative approaches are available to highlight wild candidate(s) with high suitability for aquaculture: the single-trait (i.e. considering a single phenotypic trait and, thus, a single biological function) and multi-trait (i.e. considering multiple phenotypic traits involved in several biological functions) approaches. Although the former is the traditional and the simplest method, the latter could be theoretically more efficient. However, an explicit comparison of advantages and pitfalls between these approaches is lacking to date in aquaculture. Here, we compared the two approaches to identify best candidate(s) between four wild allopatric populations of Perca fluviatilis in standardised aquaculture conditions. our results showed that the single-trait approach can (1) miss key divergences between populations and (2) highlight different best candidate(s) depending on the trait considered. In contrast, the multi-trait approach allowed identifying the population with the highest domestication potential thanks to several congruent lines of evidence. nevertheless, such an integrative assessment is achieved with a far more time-consuming and expensive study. therefore, improvements and rationalisations will be needed to make the multi-trait approach a promising way in the aquaculture development

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Étude d'un modèle comportemental du vieillissement (la construction de la toile chez une araignée orbitèle)

Le vieillissement est un phénomène naturel, obligatoire et irréversible, souvent associé à un déclin des performances et des fonctions de l'organisme. Bien que les comportements nous renseignent sur l'état physiologique et neurologique de l'organisme, très peu d'études ont portées sur les relations entre l'âge et les comportements. La recherche de nouveaux modèles permettant d'appréhender cette relation pourrait donc être primordiale. Chez les araignées orbitèles, la toile est une structure géométrique complexe d'une apparente régularité. Sa construction résulte d'une succession de comportements organisés et répétés et chaque variation dans la structure de la toile peut être interpréter comme une variation comportementale de l'araignée lors de la construction. L'objectif de cette étude était de mettre en évidence des variations structurelles dans la géométrie de la toile de l'araignée Zygiella x-notata qui pourraient être corrélées au vieillissement de l'araignée, et de savoir comment le vieillissement agissait sur la mobilité de l'araignée lors de sa construction et lors de la capture des proies. Nos résultats montrent que le vieillissement a affecté les caractéristiques géométriques de la toile, le comportement de construction et le comportement de capture de l'araignée. Notre étude a permis de valider la pertinence de l'utilisation des araignées orbitèles et de leurs toiles géométriques comme modèles innovants pour l'étude des relations entre vieillissement et comportementAgeing is an obligatory and natural progressive process often associated with a decline in organism functions and performances. Although behaviours inform us about the physiological and neurological state of an organism, relationship between behaviour and ageing remains largely misunderstood. Thus, the research of new animal models that could assess this relationship would be crucial. In orb weaving spiders, the web is a complex geometrical structure, which presents a visible regularity. Its construction results of a succession of organized and repeatable behaviours and each variation in web characteristics could be interpreted as a behavioural variation during web construction. The objective of this study was to highlight structural variations in web's structure of the spider Zygiella-x-notata, which were correlated with spider's age, and to know how ageing affected spider mobility during web construction and prey capture. Our results showed that ageing influenced the geometrical structure of the orb-web, and the spider web-building and prey capture behaviours. Our study allowed to validate the pertinence of the use of spiders and their orb web as innovative models for studies of relationships between ageing and behaviourMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Modelling radiation-induced phase changes in binary FeCu and ternary FeVuNi alloys using an artificial intelligenace-based atomistic kintetic Monte Carlo approach

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Time till death affects spider mobility and web-building behavior during web construction in an orb-web spider

International audienceIt is well known that age influences organism mobility. This was demonstrated in vertebrates (such as mammals and birds) but has been less studied in invertebrates with the exception of Drosophila and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we studied the influence of age on the mobility of the orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata during web construction. The orb-web is a good model because it has a characteristic geometrical structure and video tracking can be used to easily follow the spider's movements during web building. We investigated the influence of age (specifically chronological age, life span, and time till death) on different parameters of spider mobility during the construction of the capture spiral (distance traveled, duration of construction, spider velocity, spider movement, and spider inactivity) with a generalized linearmodel (GLM) procedure adjusted for the spidermass. The results showed that neither chronological age, nor life span affected the mobility parameters. However, when the time till death decreased, there was a decrease in the distance traveled, the duration of the construction of the capture spiral, and the spider movement. The spider velocity and the time of inactivity were not affected. These results could be correlated with a decrease in the length of the silky thread deposited for the construction of the capture spiral. Spiders with a shorter time till death built smaller web using less silk. Thus, our study suggests strongly that time till death affects spider mobility during web construction but not the chronological age and thus may be a good indicator of senescence