Sleep habits and pattern in 1-14 years old children and relationship with video devices use and evening and night child activities

Background: Sleep in childhood and adolescence is crucial for mental and physical health; however several researches reported an increasing trend towards a sleep deprivation in this age. Due to the lack of recent epidemiological studies in Italy, the aim of our study was to depict sleep habits and patterns in Italian children aged 1-14 years and to evaluate their relationships with video devices use (TV, tablet, smartphone, PC) and evening/night child activities. Methods: A structured interview was conducted during 2015 by 72 Family Pediatricians in 2030 healthy children aged 1-14 years by a cross-sectional survey named "Ci piace sognare". Total sleep duration was calculated, 2015 National Sleep Foundation Recommendations were used as reference. Optimal sleepers were defined children sleeping in own bed all night without awakenings. Multivariable median regression was performed to identify predictors of sleep duration and multivariable logistic regression for predictors of optimal sleep. Results: Total sleep duration and numbers of awakenings decreased with age. Only 66.9% of children had sleep duration in agreement with Recommendations (50% in 10-14 years group). Before sleeping 63.5% of children used video devices (39.6% at 1-3 years), 39.1% read, 27.5% drank and 19.5% ate. Bottle users at bedtime were 30.8% at 1-3 years, 16.6% at 3-5 years and 4.9% at 5-7 years. Overall, 23.4% of children changed sleeping place during the night, 22.4% referred sleeping problems in the first year of life. Video devices use was negative predictor of sleep duration (-0.25 h [95% CI:-0.35,-0.14], p < 0.001). Optimal sleep was inversely related with bedroom TV (OR 0.63 [0.50,0.79], p < 0.001), with sleeping disorders in the first year (OR 0.62 [0.48,0.80], p < 0.001)), with bottle use (OR 0.64 [0.44,0.94], p < 0.05) and posivively related with high mother's education level (OR 1.44 [1.11,1.88], p < 0.01). Conclusions: About one third of 1 to 14 year Italian children sleep less than recommended, one half in teenage. Modifiable risk factors for sleep abnormalities such as video devices use, bedroom TV and bottle use should be target of preventive strategies for a correct sleep. Pediatricians should give priority to the identification of sleep disorders early in life

Memórias de gestores escolares em municípios do norte do Rio Grande do Sul

The aim of this article is to understand school management through the memories of school managers in the municipalities of Selbach and Nova Boa Vista, located in the north of Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil. It articulates School Management and History of Education in the theoretical-methodological framework, uses oral sources and debates the use of oral memories as an investigative concept. The researcher's effort to listen to the other provided the construction of an interactive work and enabled the development of a humanized production of knowledge. The history of German immigration and colonization in RS is in the genesis of the studied municipalities. The memories provided a vision of the school's daily life, its spaces and its times. They evidenced a history and experiences about school management, highlighting: school conceptions; relationship of managers with the city and the school community; concern and factors related to the quality of education; educational processes and daily difficulties.El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la gestión escolar a través de la memoria de los administradores escolares de los municipios de Selbach y Nova Boa Vista, ubicados en el norte de Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Articula la Gestión Escolar y la Historia de la Educación en el marco teórico-metodológico, utiliza fuentes orales y debate el uso de la memoria oral como concepto investigativo. El esfuerzo del investigador por escuchar al otro proporcionó la construcción de un trabajo interactivo y posibilitó el desarrollo de una producción humanizada de conocimiento. La historia de la inmigración y colonización alemana en RS está en la génesis de los municipios estudiados. Los recuerdos brindaron una visión de la vida cotidiana de la escuela, sus espacios y sus tiempos. Ellos evidenciaron una historia y experiencias sobre la gestión escolar, destacando: concepciones escolares; relación de los gestores con la ciudad y la comunidad escolar; preocupación y factores relacionados con la calidad de la educación; Procesos educativos y dificultades diarias.O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a gestão escolar pelas memórias de gestores escolares dos municípios de Selbach e Nova Boa Vista, localizados no norte do Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Articula Gestão Escolar e História da Educação no enquadramento teórico-metodológico, utiliza fontes orais e debate o uso das memórias orais como concepção investigativa. O esforço do pesquisador em escutar o outro proporcionou a construção de um trabalho interativo e possibilitou o desenvolvimento de uma produção de conhecimento humanizada. A história da imigração e colonização alemã no RS está na gênese dos municípios do estudo. As memórias proporcionaram uma visão do cotidiano escolar, seus espaços e seus tempos. Evidenciaram uma história e experiências sobre gestão escolar destacando-se: concepções de escola; relação dos gestores com a cidade e comunidade escolar; preocupação e fatores relacionados a qualidade da educação; processos educativos e dificuldades no cotidiano.

Perfil antropométrico e sintomatologia anoréxica em adolescentes de escola pública Anthropometric profile and anorexia symptomatology on public school adolescents

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar adolescentes com presença de sintomas de anorexia nervosa e distorção de imagem corporal em uma escola pública. A amostra compreendeu 58 adolescentes de ambos os sexos de 14 a 18 anos de idade. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada por meio do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para a verificação de sintomas de anorexia nervosa e distorção de imagem corporal foram utilizados os questionários Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26) e Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), respectivamente. De acordo com a avaliação do estado nutricional, 74,14% foram classificados com peso adequado. A análise do questionário BSQ mostrou que 24,24 e 4,00% dos adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino, respectivamente, apresentaram distúrbio de imagem corporal. Segundo o EAT-26, 9,09% do sexo feminino e 8,00% do sexo masculino, respectivamente, classificaram-se com sintomas de anorexia. Observou-se, ainda, que 80,00% dos entrevistados, além de serem portadores de sintomatologia anoréxica, também apresentaram distúrbio de imagem corporal, sendo esta correlação estatisticamente significativa. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram presença de sintomatologia anoréxica, bem como significativa presença de distorção da imagem corporal, sendo as adolescentes as principais acometidas.<br>Identify adolescents with a presence of symptoms of anorexia nervosa and body image distortion at a public school. The sample included 58 adolescents of both sexes, 14 to 18 years old. The nutritional status assessment was performed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). To investigate symptoms of anorexia nervosa and body image distortion, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used, respectively. According to the nutritional status assessment, 74.14% were classified as having normal weight. The analysis of the BSQ showed that 24.24 and 4.00% of adolescent females and males had body image disturbance. According to the EAT-26, 9.09% of females and 8.00% of males were classified with symptoms of anorexia. It was also observed that 80.00% of adolescents, in addition to suffering from symptoms of anorexia, also had body image disturbance, which is statistically significant. The results showed the presence of symptoms of anorexia as well as a significant presence of body image distortion, with female adolescents as the most affected group

Lactoferrin in the Prevention of Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Preschool Children: A Prospective Randomized Study

Few studies have evaluated the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on reducing respiratory infections in preschool children. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of bLf in preschool children with recurrent respiratory infections. Participants were randomly assigned bLf (n = 25) or control (n = 25). Outcomes included respiratory infection episodes (RIEs), symptom duration, school absence and medication. Fifty children aged 4.2 ± 0.1 years were included. During the active 4-month phase, median number of RIEs was reduced by 50% in the bLf group [1-episode, interquartile range (IQR): 0–2] vs. control (2, IQR: 1–3; p = 0.02). The proportion of participants with >3 RIEs was significantly lower in bLf (n = 1, 4%) vs. control (n = 7, 28%) with 80% lower odds of upper RIEs in the bLf arm (odds ratio: 0.20, 95% CI:0.06–0.74, p = 0.015). The duration of symptoms (3 vs. 6, p = 0.009) and days absent from school (3 vs. 6, p = 0.15) were lower in the active arm. Over the 2-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between groups for infection episodes, symptom duration or school absence. However, bLf-treated children received significantly less corticosteroids over the entire 6-month study period (32% vs. 60%; p = 0.047). bLf supplementation significantly reduced the frequency and duration of RIEs in children with decreased corticosteroid use

Italian survey on general pediatricians’ approach to children with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms

The aim of the present study was to investigate the current approach of Italian general pediatricians to children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms, evaluating the implementation of the 2009 North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN)-European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines. One hundred randomly identified Italian general pediatricians were asked to complete a case report-structured questionnaire investigating their approach to infants, children, and adolescents with symptoms suggestive of GER. Only 2 % of them showed complete adherence to the guidelines. Thirty-nine percent of them diagnosed GER disease based on clinical symptoms, irrespective of the age of the child; 56 % prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in infants with unexplained crying and/or distressed behavior and 38 % in infants with uncomplicated recurrent regurgitation and vomiting; 57 % prescribed PPIs in children younger than 8-12 years of age with vomiting and heartburn, without specific testing; and 54 % discontinued PPI therapy abruptly. The overall rate of pediatricians over-prescribing PPIs was 79 %. Conclusion: According to our findings, most Italian general pediatricians do not seem to follow the recommendations of the 2009 NASPGHAN-ESPGHAN reflux guidelines and often prescribe PPIs despite a lack of efficacy for the symptoms being treated. We are well aware that the guidelines address the average situation and that the evaluation of individual patients may frequently reveal reasons for opening criteria for exceptions. Nevertheless, the over-diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) places undue burden on both families and national health system which has not been impacted by the publication of international guidelines

Additional file 1: of Sleep habits and pattern in 1-14 years old children and relationship with video devices use and evening and night child activities

Dataset. (XLS 4134 kb