An efficient approach for solving nonlinear troesch's and bratu's problems by wavelet analysis method

We introduce Chebyshev wavelet analysis method to solve the nonlinear Troesch and Bratu problems. Chebyshev wavelets expansions together with operational matrix of derivative are employed to reduce the computation of nonlinear problems to a system of algebraic equations. Several examples are given to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique. We compare the results with those ones reported in the literature in order to demonstrate that the method converges rapidly and approximates the exact solution very accurately by using only a small number of Chebyshev wavelet basis functions. Convergence analysis is also included

Optimizing the drying conditions of date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) to conserve its phenolic content and antioxidants for preparing a highly bioaccessible polyphenol-rich tea

This is the final version. Available from Springer via the DOI in this record. Data availability: All data supporting this study are included in this manuscript.Date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) fruits are a good source of bioactive compounds and antioxidants. Drying can increase the shelf life of the fruit and its applications in the food development industry. Optimizing the drying conditions can help to produce prime-quality dried date plum fruits and conserve nutrients including phytochemicals. This study used a two-factor graphics-optimal design to optimize convective drying considering the air velocity and drying temperature of date plum fruits. The independent factors considered included drying temperature (43.78–86.21 °C) and air velocities (0.54–1.96 m/s), and the responses included total phenolic content (TPC), total favonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of date plum fruit. The optimized drying conditions (68 °C and 1.75 m/s) resulted in desirable TPC, TFC, FRAP, and DPPH values. The fndings indicated that long drying time at low temperatures signifcantly decreased the phenolics and antioxidants. Date plum tea with diferent decoction times (5, 10, and 15 min) was prepared from fruits dried at optimum conditions. A decoction time of 5 min resulted in the highest catechin, vanillic, epicatechin, syringic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside content, which were 2.45±0.04, 11.06±0.11, 22.03±0.11, 12.95±0.08, and 9.37±0.10 mg/L; respectively. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion revealed that the tea product can be a source of highly bioaccessible (>80%) gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside. Applying optimized drying conditions to dehydrate date plum fruit can be useful in preparing a highly bioaccessible polyphenol-rich tea

Enhanced ultrasonically assisted extraction of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf phenolic compounds using choline chloride-acetic acid–based natural deep eutectic solvent: an optimization approach and in vitro digestion

This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordBitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a rich source of phytochemicals including phenolic compounds with diverse health-promoting benefits and potential food industry application due to their antioxidant potential. Bitter melon leaves have been limitedly investigated in comparison to bitter melon fruits. The current work explores the use of green extraction methodology to optimize enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds from bitter melon leaves using ultrasonically assisted extraction and choline chloride-acetic acid (CHAC)–based natural deep eutectic solvent. Extraction using CHAC significantly improved the extraction of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and individual phenolic compounds (including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, and quercetin-3-glucoside) in comparison to water, ethanol, and methanol. The effect of molar ratio, water content, temperature, and time on the extraction efficiency of bitter melon leaf phenolic compounds by CHAC was explored and optimized with surface response methodology (central composite design). The optimum condition for the extraction of individual phenolic compounds is a molar ratio of 1:4.35 CHAC with 20.68% water content at 75 °C for 21.23 min. Evaluation of the bioaccessibility of individual phenolic compounds concluded that the most bioaccessible compound was vanillic acid (105.00 ± 2.52%) followed by salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, and quercetin-3-glucoside.Ondokuz Mayis Universit

Prognostic Role and Clinical Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) and Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), their associations with the clinicopathological characteristics, and the association between their levels in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to obtain the relevant papers. Seven studies with 1152 patients were included in this study. Like the level of TILs, there were no significant associations between PD-L1 expression and tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and Ki67 (All p-values ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association between PD-L1 expression with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In assessment of TILs and survival relationship, the results showed that a high level of TILs was associated with long-term OS (hazard ratios (HR) = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.77, p-value < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.78, p-value < 0.001). The results displayed that tumoral PD-L1 expression was strongly associated with high levels of TILs in TNBC patients (OR = 8.34, 95% CI: 2.68 to 25.95, p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, the study has shown the prognostic value of TILs and a strong association between tumoral PD-L1 overexpression with TILs in TNBC patients

Numerical solution of nonlinear fredholm integro-differential equations using spectral homotopy analysis method

Spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM) as a modification of homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied to obtain solution of high-order nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential problems. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the proposed method are proved. Some examples are given to approve the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method. The SHAM results show that the proposed approach is quite reasonable when compared to homotopy analysis method, Lagrange interpolation solutions, and exact solutions

Production of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) pulp powder by foam-mat drying: analysis of physicochemical and antioxidant properties

This is the final version, Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordAvailability of data and materials: Data available within the article or its supplementary materialsCornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a rich source of (poly)phenols such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that are known for their bioactivity. This study aimed to enhance the industrial applications of this cherry’s pulp as a potential functional food ingredient. Foam-mat drying was used to produce cherry powder from cherry pulp. The convective drying process was performed at different temperatures (50, 60, 70, and 80°C) to study the effect of drying temperature on the physical properties, flow properties, microstructure, (poly)phenol content, antioxidant properties, and bioaccessibility of foam-dried cherry pulp, in comparison to freeze-dried sample. Different drying temperatures did not affect color properties. The highest gloss was determined at high temperatures (70–80°C). According to the Carr index, the fluidity increased between 18 and 22% as the temperature increased. The total phenolic content was higher at elevated temperatures (70–80°C), yet the anthocyanin content was the highest at 60°C. The flavonoid content was not affected by different drying temperatures, as well as compared to lyophilized samples. The antioxidant activity was higher in samples dried at elevated temperatures, with no significant difference in comparison to lyophilized samples. The bioaccessibility experiment showed that the lyophilized samples had significantly greater bioaccessibility in comparison to the convective dried samples, yet further investigation is required to understand the differences in bioaccessibility and bioavailability of individual polyphenols. Overall, foam-mat drying using a convective drying system could be an economic choice to preserve acceptable amounts of phenolics and antioxidants

Drying date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) fruit: Assessing rehydration properties, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordDate plum (Diospyrus lotus L.) is an edible fruit from the Ebenaceae family, rich in nutrients, and having tremendous medicinal properties. This paper attempted to show the influence of different parameters of convective drying such as temperature (50, 60, 70, and 80°C) and air velocity (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s) on the shrinkage and microstructure, rehydration properties, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of date plum. The drying caused significant changes in the color, actual size, and distribution of the fruit cells of date plum. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of fresh date plum were 0.81 ± 0.00 mg GAE/g, 0.23 ± 0.10 mg ECE/g, 7.15 ± 1.09 mmol ISE/g, and 14.92 ± 0.88 mmol/TE, respectively. The drying at 70°C had the highest values of TPC, TFC, gallic acid, chlorogenic and syringic acids, catechin, quercetin-3-glucoside, resveratrol, and DPPH. The drying air velocities showed no significant effects on the antioxidant contents and the antioxidant activity. Of the models applied to the drying kinetics, the Midilli model was found as the best model to describe the drying kinetics of date plum. In addition, the Weibull model was found as the most successful among the models applied to the rehydration kinetics of date plum. According to the achieved findings, the convective drying temperature of 70°C is the optimum temperature to produce the dehydrated date plum. Practical Application This work has revealed the drying conditions responsible for preserving the phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant features of D. lotus L. The study found the optimum drying conditions, and Midilli and Weibull models were the most fitted models to describe the drying and rehydration behaviors of D. lotus L. fruits, respectively. The drying provides a reasonable value of the possibility of continuous consumption of the fruits dried afforded on off-seasons. The dried fruits are widely used for multipurpose and have been extensively used in food industries due to their rich nutraceutical and antioxidant compounds

Orthodontics in the era of big data analytics

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149344/1/ocr12279_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149344/2/ocr12279.pd

Wavelet analysis method for solving linear and nonlinear singular boundary value problems

In this paper, a robust and accurate algorithm for solving both linear and nonlinear singular boundary value problems is proposed. We introduce the Chebyshev wavelets operational matrix of derivative and product operation matrix. Chebyshev wavelets expansions together with operational matrix of derivative are employed to solve ordinary differential equations in which, at least, one of the coefficient functions or solution function is not analytic. Several examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method

Phytochemical and nutritional properties of sumac (Rhus coriaria): a potential ingredient for developing functional foods

This is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordSumac (Rhus coriaria) is a flowering plant that is widely consumed for its promoting health benefits and used in food preparations as a spice in the Mediterranean region. It is a high shrub or small tree with imparipinnate leaves, villus and red fruits with one-seeded drupe, and small greenish-white flowers. The nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential of sumac makes it a remarkable functional food. In this review, the phytochemical and nutritional properties of sumac as an under valorized functional food have been discussed. Flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and organic acids have been reported as dominant phytochemicals in sumac, which are well known for their pharmacological properties that attract many consumers to commonly choose sumac in their diet as well as food preparations. The remarkable volatile compounds present in sumac give it a unique aroma that increases its acceptance by consumers and potential use in the food industry. Sumac has been evaluated for a broad range of nutritional and pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anticancer, anti-infertility, and neuroprotective potential. This review has also briefly outlined the safety concerns concerning the use of sumac in terms of toxicology and interactions