Comparison of two ketamine/xylazine anesthesic protocols in pigs (Sus crofa domestica)

The pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is an animal used as an experimental model in surgical procedures. This makes the use of anaesthesia necessary. The present study constitutes a comparison between two different ketamine/xylazine concentration protocols. One protocol used ketamine 10% + xylazine 10% (high concentration), and the other ketamine 5% + xylazine 2% (low concentration). Concentrations were chosen since these are the most common presentations in the veterinary market. In the present experiments, twenty male and female pigs (Sus crofa domestica; 20 kg each), were assigned into two different groups. The first one was integrated by pigs treated with high concentration protocol (n = 10), and the second one, composed by pigs that received low concentration protocol (n = 10). Parameters measured were the time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus, and the heart rate. The effects of these drugs were considered not only specifically in its sedative effects, but also in the respiratory system. Based on these results, we conclude that the first protocol showed better results than the second one. The time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus was lower in the first one (p < 0.001). Differences between the effects on the respiratory system (p = 0.37) and sedative effects (p = 0.87) were not significant, even when focusing on the last measurement, higher concentration protocol was twenty percent (20%) more effective than lower.Fil: Guevara, Manuel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzo Aquaro, Sofía Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Giai, Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gargiulo, Pascual Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina. Fundación Corporación Tecnológica Latinoamericana; Argentin

An Analysis of the Weldability of Ductile Cast Iron Using Inconel 625 for the Root Weld and Electrodes Coated in 97.6% Nickel for the Filler Welds

This article examines the weldability of ductile cast iron when the root weld is applied with a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process employing an Inconel 625 source rod, and when the filler welds are applied with electrodes coated with 97.6% Ni. The welds were performed on ductile cast iron specimen test plates sized 300 mm × 90 mm × 10 mm with edges tapered at angles of 60°. The plates were subjected to two heat treatments. This article analyzes the influence on weldability of the various types of electrodes and the effect of preheat treatments. Finally, a microstructure analysis is made of the material next to the weld in the metal-weld interface and in the weld itself. The microstructure produced is correlated with the strength of the welds. We treat an alloy with 97.6% Ni, which prevents the formation of carbides. With a heat treatment at 900 °C and 97.6% Ni, there is a dissolution of all carbides, forming nodules in ferritic matrix graphite.Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Pérez Puig, MA.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Pascual Martínez, R. (2016). An Analysis of the Weldability of Ductile Cast Iron Using Inconel 625 for the Root Weld and Electrodes Coated in 97.6% Nickel for the Filler Welds. Metals. 6(11):1-14. doi:10.3390/met6110283S11461

Sedative-like effect of intraperitoneal GABA administration in the open field test

Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is the main inhibitor neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Its peripheral administration has been matter of discussion. On the one hand, it has been reported that it does not cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), and, on the other hand, it has been associated with multiple therapeutic regimens and supplements by peripheral administration. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the possibility of a central sedative effect when administered peripherally. An experimental cohort of 90-day-old Holtzman male rats weighing 240-270 g was used. It was divided into 2 groups: saline-controls (n = 9) and GABA treated rats (12.5 mg/kg, n = 9). Both groups were intraperitoneally injected. The motor behavioral patterns displayed in the Opto Varimex (OVM) were studied. Vertical, horizontal, ambulatory and non-ambulatory movements and the number of movements were recorded in an automated way. Horizontal movements constitute the integration of ambulatory and non-ambulatory movements. Student t test was used comparing groups. In this experiment, there were non-significant downward trends in vertical, ambulatory, non-ambulatory and number of movements. Ambulatory and non-ambulatory tendencies acquired significance when treated together as horizontal movements (p < 0.05). We may conclude that peripheral administration of GABA produced a decrease of the horizontal movements in the open field test. It may be interpreted as a sedative effect, suggesting a passage of GABA through BBB, with central effects. However, there are several alternative possibilities to explain present findings. Other experiments will elucidate the implications or scope of the present findings.Fil: Gargiulo, Augusto Pascual Ítalo. Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Marquez Herrero, Santiago. Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Romanowicz, Esteban Alejandro. Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Guevara, Manuel Alejandro. Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Landa, Adriana Inés. Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Lafuente, José Vicente. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Mesones, Humberto Luis. Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental; Argentina. Fundación Instituto de Neurobiología; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Gargiulo, Pascual Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentin

Comparative study of tig and smaw root welding passes on ductile iron cast weldability

[EN] This work compares the weldability of ductile iron when: (I) a root weld is applied with a tungsten inert gas (TIG) process using an Inconel 625 source rod and filler welds are subsequently applied using coated electrodes with 97,6 %Ni; and (II) welds on ductile iron exclusively made using the manual shielded metal arc welding technique (SMAW). Both types of welds are performed on ductile iron specimen test plates that are subjected to preheat and post-weld annealing treatments. Samples with TIG root-welding pass shown higher hardness but slightly lower ductility and strength. Both types of welding achieved better ductile and strength properties than ones found in literature.Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Pérez Puig, MA.; Segovia-López, F. (2017). Comparative study of tig and smaw root welding passes on ductile iron cast weldability. METALURGIJA. 56(1-2):91-93. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/102690S9193561-

Microstructural characteristics and resistance to corrosion in welds of steel aisi 304 with inconel 625 exposed to ionizing radiation (radiation x)

In radioactive environments, it is vital to know resistant properties of welds performed and their behavior when they are subjected to different doses of radiation. This article has analyzed the influence that has the ionizing radiation of low intensity, in particular the X-radiation, resistant, microstructural characteristics and corrosion resistance on the weldability of stainless steel austenitic AISI 304, soldier by TIG process and using as input materials INCONEL 625. Unions have been in two different atmospheric conditions: the first in environmental conditions, and the second in an inert Chamber with argon supply. For each environment is analyzed the influence of radiation on resistant characteristics and corrosion in different doses with both atmospheres.Pascual Guillamón, M.; Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Pérez Puig, MA. (2014). Microstructural characteristics and resistance to corrosion in welds of steel aisi 304 with inconel 625 exposed to ionizing radiation (radiation x). Dyna Ingeniería e Industria. 89(5):542-551. doi:10.6036/7075S54255189

PROPUESTA DE MEJORA DE LA ORGÁNICA Y MATERIALES DE LA SECCIÓN DE RECONOCIMIENTO EN LOS BATALLONES DE INFANTERÍA ACORAZADA.

Debido a la falta de medios materiales y personal en las unidades del Ejército de Tierra, algunas pequeñas unidades como las secciones de reconocimiento, no poseen los medios necesarios ni en calidad para poder cumplir sus cometidos con eficacia, además de que las propias secciones de reconocimiento han ido modificando en los últimos años los materiales en dotación para irse adaptando y cumplir mejor sus misiones. El trabajo consiste en realizar unos estudios y análisis sobre los diversos materiales que disponen las unidades para dotar con los materiales y personal más propensos a la Sección de Reconocimiento (SERECO) de un Batallón de Infantería Acorazado (BICC), dirigido a cumplir de manera más efectiva sus diferentes misiones asignadas, con el propósito de que se establezca una plantilla en cuanto a material y personal unificada para el resto de las secciones semejantes en los Batallones de Infantería Acorazados. La principal dificultad para que pueda hacerse real la plantilla propuesta de materiales y personal sería la falta de presupuesto que dedica España en Defensa. Por ello, se realizará un estudio de características técnicas del material existente y disponible en las unidades militares y el personal requerido con los cursos correspondientes para sacar el máximo rendimiento de dicho material y poder completar así sus misiones correspondientes con eficacia.<br /

Pitting corrosion in AISI 304 rolled stainless steel welding at different deformation levels

[EN] This paper analyzes pitting corrosion at the weld zone and at the heat affected zone (HAZ) in AISI 304 rolled stainless steel welds. As the aforementioned material is one of the most frequently used types of stainless steel, it is needful to be aware of the mechanisms that lead to its deterioration, like corrosion, since it can cause failures or malfunction in a wide variety of products and facilities. For the experimental tests 1.5 mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel plates were welded and rolled to different thicknesses and after, the samples were subjected to mechanical and corrosion tests and to a micrograph study. Deformation stresses and other intrinsic metallurgic and physic-chemical transformations that occur during cold rolling and welding, and that are key factors in the anti-corrosion behavior of AISI 304 rolled stainless steel, have been observed and analyzed. A correlation has been found between cold work levels in test samples and number of pits after corrosion tests.The authors deeply thank the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain), for the support of this research.Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Pascual Guillamón, M.; Solano García, L.; Salas Vicente, F.; Pérez Puig, MA. (2019). Pitting corrosion in AISI 304 rolled stainless steel welding at different deformation levels. Applied Sciences. 9(16):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9163265S112916Sathiya, P., Aravindan, S., & Noorul Haq, A. (2004). Mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 26(5-6), 505-511. doi:10.1007/s00170-004-2018-6Gong, N., Wu, H.-B., Yu, Z.-C., Niu, G., & Zhang, D. (2017). Studying Mechanical Properties and Micro Deformation of Ultrafine-Grained Structures in Austenitic Stainless Steel. Metals, 7(6), 188. doi:10.3390/met7060188Fellinger, J., Citarella, R., Giannella, V., Lepore, M., Sepe, R., Czerwinski, M., … Stadler, R. (2018). Overview of fatigue life assessment of baffles in Wendelstein 7-X. Fusion Engineering and Design, 136, 292-297. doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.02.011Lv, J., Liang, T., & Luo, H. (2016). Influence of pre-deformation, sensitization and oxidation in high temperature water on corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 309, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.09.004Hsu, C.-H., Chen, T.-C., Huang, R.-T., & Tsay, L.-W. (2017). Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of 304L Substrate and 308L Weld Metal Exposed to a Salt Spray. Materials, 10(2), 187. doi:10.3390/ma10020187Devendranath Ramkumar, K., Arivazhagan, N., & Narayanan, S. (2012). Effect of filler materials on the performance of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 and Monel 400. Materials & Design, 40, 70-79. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.03.024Bhandari, J., Lau, S., Abbassi, R., Garaniya, V., Ojeda, R., Lisson, D., & Khan, F. (2017). Accelerated pitting corrosion test of 304 stainless steel using ASTM G48; Experimental investigation and concomitant challenges. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 47, 10-21. doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2017.02.025Machado, J. P. S. E., Silva, C. C., Sobral-Santiago, A. V. C., Sant’Ana, H. B. de, & Farias, J. P. (2006). Effect of temperature on the level of corrosion caused by heavy petroleum on AISI 304 and AISI 444 stainless steel. Materials Research, 9(2), 137-142. doi:10.1590/s1516-14392006000200005Madhusudhan Reddy, G., Mohandas, T., Sambasiva Rao, A., & Satyanarayana, V. V. (2005). INFLUENCE OF WELDING PROCESSES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISSIMILAR AUSTENITIC-FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL WELDS. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 20(2), 147-173. doi:10.1081/amp-200041844Cárcel-Carrasco, F., Pascual-Guillamón, M., & Pérez-Puig, M. (2016). Effects of X-rays Radiation on AISI 304 Stainless Steel Weldings with AISI 316L Filler Material: A Study of Resistance and Pitting Corrosion Behavior. Metals, 6(5), 102. doi:10.3390/met6050102Takakuwa, O., & Soyama, H. (2015). Effect of Residual Stress on the Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 05(01), 62-71. doi:10.4236/aces.2015.51007Peguet, L., Malki, B., & Baroux, B. (2007). Influence of cold working on the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels. Corrosion Science, 49(4), 1933-1948. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.08.021Agrawal, A. K., & Singh, A. (2017). Limitations on the hardness increase in 316L stainless steel under dynamic plastic deformation. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 687, 306-312. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.066Ghosh, S., Rana, V. P. S., Kain, V., Mittal, V., & Baveja, S. K. (2011). Role of residual stresses induced by industrial fabrication on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel. Materials & Design, 32(7), 3823-3831. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.012KOLOTYRKIN, J. M. (1963). Pitting Corrosion of Metals. CORROSION, 19(8), 261t-268t. doi:10.5006/0010-9312-19.8.261SZKLARSKA-SMIALOWSKA, Z. (1971). Review of Literature on Pitting Corrosion Published Since 1960. CORROSION, 27(6), 223-233. doi:10.5006/0010-9312-27.6.223SHIBATA, T., & TAKEYAMA, T. (1977). Stochastic Theory of Pitting Corrosion. CORROSION, 33(7), 243-251. doi:10.5006/0010-9312-33.7.243Frankel, G. S. (1998). Pitting Corrosion of Metals: A Review of the Critical Factors. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 145(6), 2186-2198. doi:10.1149/1.1838615Nakai, T., Matsushita, H., & Yamamoto, N. (2006). Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 11(1), 52-64. doi:10.1007/s00773-005-0203-4CHEN, W., VANBOVEN, G., & ROGGE, R. (2007). The role of residual stress in neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels – Part II: Crack dormancy. Acta Materialia, 55(1), 43-53. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.021Sánchez-Tovar, R., Montañés, M. T., & García-Antón, J. (2011). Effect of the micro-plasma arc welding technique on the microstructure and pitting corrosion of AISI 316L stainless steels in heavy LiBr brines. Corrosion Science, 53(8), 2598-2610. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2011.04.019Metastable pitting corrosion of stainless steel and the transition to stability. (1992). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Physical and Engineering Sciences, 341(1662), 531-559. doi:10.1098/rsta.1992.0114Wang, J.-H., Su, C. C., & Szklarska-Smialowska, Z. (1988). Effects of Cl−Concentration and Temperature on Pitting of AISI 304 Stainless Steel. CORROSION, 44(10), 732-737. doi:10.5006/1.3584938Pardo, A., Merino, M. C., Coy, A. E., Viejo, F., Arrabal, R., & Matykina, E. (2008). Pitting corrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless steels – combining effects of Mn and Mo additions. Corrosion Science, 50(6), 1796-1806. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2008.04.005Lin, C.-M., Tsai, H.-L., Cheng, C.-D., & Yang, C. (2012). Effect of repeated weld-repairs on microstructure, texture, impact properties and corrosion properties of AISI 304L stainless steel. Engineering Failure Analysis, 21, 9-20. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.11.014Sepe, R., Laiso, M., de Luca, A., & Caputo, F. (2017). Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Butt Welded Joint of Dissimilar Material by FEM. Key Engineering Materials, 754, 268-271. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.268He, S. (2018). Effect of Deformation-Induced Martensite on Protective Performance of Passive Film on 304 Stainless Steel. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 4700-4719. doi:10.20964/2018.05.11Unnikrishnan, R., Idury, K. S. N. S., Ismail, T. P., Bhadauria, A., Shekhawat, S. K., Khatirkar, R. K., & Sapate, S. G. (2014). Effect of heat input on the microstructure, residual stresses and corrosion resistance of 304L austenitic stainless steel weldments. Materials Characterization, 93, 10-23. doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2014.03.013Abe, F. (2008). Precipitate design for creep strengthening of 9% Cr tempered martensitic steel for ultra-supercritical power plants. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 9(1), 013002. doi:10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/013002Liang, W. (2003). Surface modification of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel by plasma nitriding. Applied Surface Science, 211(1-4), 308-314. doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(03)00260-5Lu, B. T., Chen, Z. K., Luo, J. L., Patchett, B. M., & Xu, Z. H. (2005). Pitting and stress corrosion cracking behavior in welded austenitic stainless steel. 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The role of residual stress in neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels. Part I: Pitting and cracking occurrence. Acta Materialia, 55(1), 29-42. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.037Rhouma, A. B., Braham, C., Fitzpatrick, M. E., Leidion, J., & Sidhom, H. (2001). Effects of Surface Preparation on Pitting Resistance, Residual Stress, and Stress Corrosion Cracking in Austenitic Stainless Steels. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 10(5), 507-514. doi:10.1361/105994901770344638Peyre, P., Scherpereel, X., Berthe, L., Carboni, C., Fabbro, R., Béranger, G., & Lemaitre, C. (2000). Surface modifications induced in 316L steel by laser peening and shot-peening. Influence on pitting corrosion resistance. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 280(2), 294-302. doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00698-

Coordinación de las competencias de Electrónica en el Grado y Máster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación

La implantación de los cursos tanto de grado como de máster requiere de una continua evaluación y revisión desde el punto de vista de sus contenidos específicos, planificación, evaluación, etc. con el fin de mejorar año a año el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje asociado a cada asignatura de forma individual, además de con el fin de mejorar la coordinación entre las diferentes asignaturas. En ese sentido, en el presente trabajo se analiza la materia de electrónica y todas las asignaturas que la integran en el Grado de Ingeniería en Sonido e Imagen en Telecomunicación, y en el Máster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación, dado que en este caso podemos considerar los estudios de este máster como una continuación natural de los estudios previos del grado correspondiente. En concreto, los objetivos principales del presente trabajo son el seguimiento, coordinación, evaluación y mejora en la distribución de competencias de las asignaturas obligatorias de los cursos primero y segundo del Grado en Ingeniería en Sonido e Imagen en Telecomunicación y las asignaturas obligatorias del Máster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación

Sistema automático de ayuda a la evaluación práctica docente

En este articulo proponemos un sistema automático de ayuda a la corrección de prácticas relacionadas con lenguajes de programación como son el lenguaje C, C++, Pascal, Prolog, Informix, etc. Este sistema está formado por dos fases: extracción de características de la práctica entregada por el alumno y clasificación del vector de características asociado a la práctica. El clasificador, implementado mediante mapas auto-organizativos de Fritzke, nos permite distinguir qué prácticas son iguales y cuáles no. Presentamos los resultados obtenidos, así como las posteriores conclusiones a las que hemos llegado

The role of native lichens in the biomonitoring of gaseous mercury at contaminated sites

Contamination by atmospheric mercury has been assessed in two different areas from Spain (Las Cuevas, Ciudad Real and Flix, Tarragona) using lichens as biomonitors. The relationship established between mercury contents in the soils and the gaseous mercury (GM) was also observed. It was found that the GM is highest in the vicinity of the source and it is dispersed depending on of the distance to the source and the wind directions. The mercury concentration in the gas phase in Flix was higher than that found in Las Cuevas and also higher than the value that the US EPA recommended. The mercury bioaccumulation in the native lichens from genders Ramalina and Xanthoria were used as biomonitors for absorbing mercury in Las Cuevas and Flix, respectively. The mercury uptake by Ramalina was higher than the amount accumulated by Xanthoria, a difference that was mainly due to the lichen characteristics. The content of mercury in lichens in relation to the mercury in gas was fitted by a Freundlich type equation, indicating that the equilibrium between both phases was established. Besides, transplanted Ramalina lichen in Las Cuevas allowed to obtain the kinetic of mercury uptake. A kinetic model of first order based on the equilibrium was proposed and the mass transfer constants for each sampling station were estimated. As it was expected, these values increased with the predominant wind flow direction.Se ha evaluado la contaminación por mercurio atmosférico en dos zonas diferentes de España (Las Cuevas, Ciudad Real y Flix, Tarragona) utilizando líquenes como biomonitores. También se observó la relación establecida entre los contenidos de mercurio en los suelos y el mercurio gaseoso (MG). Se comprobó que el MG es más alto en las proximidades de la fuente y se dispersa en función de la distancia a la misma y de las direcciones del viento. La concentración de mercurio en fase gaseosa en Flix fue mayor que la encontrada en Las Cuevas y también mayor que el valor que recomienda la EPA estadounidense. La bioacumulación de mercurio en los líquenes nativos de los géneros Ramalina y Xanthoria se utilizaron como biomonitores de absorción de mercurio en Las Cuevas y Flix, respectivamente. La absorción de mercurio por parte de Ramalina fue mayor que la cantidad acumulada por Xanthoria, diferencia que se debió principalmente a las características del liquen. El contenido de mercurio en los líquenes en relación con el mercurio en el gas se ajustó mediante una ecuación de tipo Freundlich, indicando que se estableció el equilibrio entre ambas fases. Además, el liquen Ramalina trasplantado en Las Cuevas permitió obtener la cinética de captación de mercurio. Se propuso un modelo cinético de primer orden basado en el equilibrio y se estimaron las constantes de transferencia de masa para cada estación de muestreo. Como era de esperar, estos valores aumentaron con la dirección del flujo de viento predominante