Análise espacial da incidência de hanseníase e fatores socioeconômicos associados

OBJECTIVE: To identify clusters of the major occurrences of leprosy and their associated socioeconomic and demographic factors. METHODS: Cases of leprosy that occurred between 1998 and 2007 in São José do Rio Preto (southeastern Brazil) were geocodified and the incidence rates were calculated by census tract. A socioeconomic classification score was obtained using principal component analysis of socioeconomic variables. Thematic maps to visualize the spatial distribution of the incidence of leprosy with respect to socioeconomic levels and demographic density were constructed using geostatistics. RESULTS: While the incidence rate for the entire city was 10.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually between 1998 and 2007, the incidence rates of individual census tracts were heterogeneous, with values that ranged from 0 to 26.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Areas with a high leprosy incidence were associated with lower socioeconomic levels. There were identified clusters of leprosy cases, however there was no association between disease incidence and demographic density. There was a disparity between the places where the majority of ill people lived and the location of healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial analysis techniques utilized identified the poorer neighborhoods of the city as the areas with the highest risk for the disease. These data show that health departments must prioritize politico-administrative policies to minimize the effects of social inequality and improve the standards of living, hygiene, and education of the population in order to reduce the incidence of leprosy.OBJETIVO: Identificar áreas con mayor ocurrencia de casos de lepra y factores socioeconómicos y demográficos asociados. MÉTODOS: Casos de lepra ocurridos entre 1998 y 2007 en Sao José do Rio Preto, Sureste de Brasil, fueron geocodificados y se calcularon los coeficientes de incidencia por sectores censados. Por medio de la técnica de análisis de componentes principales, se obtuvo un escore para clasificación socioeconómica. El uso del método de krigage ordinaria resultó en mapas temáticos para visualización de la distribución espacial de la incidencia de lepra, del nivel socioeconómico y de la densidad demográfica. RESULTADOS: Mientras la incidencia para toda la ciudad fue de 10,4 casos por 100.000 habitantes por año, entre 1998 y 2007, las incidencias por sectores censados fueron heterogéneas, variando de cero a 26,9 casos por 100.000 habitantes por año. Hubo concordancia entre áreas con valores más altos de incidencia y menores niveles socioeconómicos. Se identificaron aglomerados de casos de lepra. No fue observada asociación de la enfermedad con densidad demográfica. Se detectó falta de relación entre los lugares de vivienda de la mayoría de los enfermos y la localización de los servicios de salud. CONCLUSIONES: Las técnicas de análisis espacial utilizadas permitieron caracterizar las áreas más deficitarias del municipio como las de mayor riesgo para lepra.OBJETIVO: Identificar áreas com maior ocorrência de casos de hanseníase e fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos associados. MÉTODOS: Casos de hanseníase ocorridos entre 1998 e 2007 em São José do Rio Preto, SP, foram geocodificados e coeficientes de incidência foram calculados por setores censitários. Por meio da técnica de análise de componentes principais, obteve-se um escore para classificação socioeconômica. O uso do método de krigagem ordinária resultou em mapas temáticos para visualização da distribuição espacial da incidência de hanseníase, do nível socioeconômico e da densidade demográfica. RESULTADOS: Enquanto a incidência para toda a cidade foi de 10,4 casos por 100.000 habitantes por ano, entre 1998 e 2007, as incidências por setores censitários foram heterogêneas, variando de zero a 26,9 casos por 100.000 habitantes por ano. Houve concordância entre áreas com valores mais altos de incidência e menores níveis socioeconômicos. Foram identificados aglomerados de casos de hanseníase. Não foi observada associação da doença com densidade demográfica. Detectou-se falta de relação entre os locais de moradia da maioria dos doentes e a localização dos serviços de saúde. CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas de análise espacial utilizadas permitiram caracterizar as áreas mais deficitárias do município como as de maior risco para hanseníase

Spatial analysis of leprosy incidence and associated socioeconomic factors

OBJECTIVE: To identify clusters of the major occurrences of leprosy and their associated socioeconomic and demographic factors. METHODS: Cases of leprosy that occurred between 1998 and 2007 in Sao Jose do Rio Preto (southeastern Brazil) were geocodified and the incidence rates were calculated by census tract. A socioeconomic classification score was obtained using principal component analysis of socioeconomic variables. Thematic maps to visualize the spatial distribution of the incidence of leprosy with respect to socioeconomic levels and demographic density were constructed using geostatistics. RESULTS: While the incidence rate for the entire city was 10.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually between 1998 and 2007, the incidence rates of individual census tracts were heterogeneous, with values that ranged from 0 to 26.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Areas with a high leprosy incidence were associated with lower socioeconomic levels. There were identified clusters of leprosy cases, however there was no association between disease incidence and demographic density. There was a disparity between the places where the majority of ill people lived and the location of healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial analysis techniques utilized identified the poorer neighborhoods of the city as the areas with the highest risk for the disease. These data show that health departments must prioritize politico-administrative policies to minimize the effects of social inequality and improve the standards of living, hygiene, and education of the population in order to reduce the incidence of leprosy

Idiopathic Bilateral Diaphragmatic Paresis.

We report the case of a patient with severe dyspnea upon reclining. Lung disease, neuromuscular disorders and heart disease were ruled out. However, during the course of the investigation, bilateral diaphragmatic paresis was discovered. A key sign leading to the diagnosis was evidence of paradoxical respiration in the dorsal decubitus position. When the patient was moved from the orthostatic position to the dorsal decubitus position, oxygenation and forced vital capacity worsened. The orthostatic fluoroscopy was normal. Maximal inspiratory pressure was severely reduced. The responses to transcutaneous electric stimulation of the diaphragm were normal. However, electric stimulation of the phrenic nerve produced no response, leading to the diagnosis of bilateral diaphragmatic paresis.32481-

O IMPACTO DO CÂNCER DE MAMA NA VIDA SEXUAL DAS MULHERES

  Anxiety and depression are currently the most common mental illnesses worldwide, affecting approximately 30% and 16.6% of women. Genetic factors play an important role in causing these diseases and are believed to be hereditary. Rates of anxiety and depression range from 30 to 40 percent. Although the causes of these diseases are not fully understood, many studies have been attempted. In this context, this study attempts to provide an overview of these diseases through a literature review, mental anxiety and depression, and the committee focused on genetic relationships, including potential candidate genes associated with both disorders. In addition to analyzing the literature obtained, the bibliographic databases PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Scientific Electronic Library Online were used. After applying the eligibility criteria, 27 articles focusing on etiology were included. The neurobiological and genetic basis of these disorders, genes in GenBank, EMBL-EBI and Europe PubMed Central. These data highlight the importance of combining genetic and neurobiological approaches to elucidate the causes of these mental disorders and may lead to measures to predict risk, enable early diagnosis and promote more effective treatment strategies.  A ansiedade e a depressão são atualmente as doenças mentais mais comuns em todo o mundo, afetando aproximadamente 30% e 16,6% das mulheres. Fatores genéticos desempenham um papel importante na causa dessas doenças e acredita-se que sejam hereditárias. As taxas de ansiedade e depressão variam de 30 a 40 por cento. Embora as causas destas doenças não sejam totalmente compreendidas, muitos estudos têm sido tentados. Nesse contexto, este estudo tenta fornecer uma visão geral dessas doenças por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a ansiedade mental e depressão, e o comitê se concentrou nas relações genéticas, incluindo potenciais genes candidatos associados a ambos os transtornos. Além da análise da literatura obtida, foram utilizadas as bases bibliográficas PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Scientific Electronic Library Online. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram incluídos 27 artigos com foco na etiologia. A base neurobiológica e genética desses distúrbios, genes no GenBank, EMBL-EBI e Europe PubMed Central. Esses dados destacam a importância de combinar abordagens genéticas e neurobiológicas elucidar as causas destes transtornos mentais pode levar a medidas para prever o risco, permitir o diagnóstico precoce e promover estratégias de tratamento mais eficazes

Applications of platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Introduction: Oral and maxillofacial surgery plays a crucial role in the reconstruction and restoration of facial structures, seeking to improve both aesthetics and function. The use of platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) represents a notable advance, accelerating healing and improving surgical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This review covers 710 studies from various electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar). The aim is to thoroughly investigate the applications of platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. Results: The analysis reveals that L-PRF stands out as an effective autologous therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Its application shows remarkable potential for accelerating the healing process, contributing significantly to the effectiveness of procedures. Discussion: L-PRF has emerged as an excellent choice in oral and maxillofacial surgery and traumatology, improving both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial reconstructions. This highlights the relevance of this autologous therapy and its benefits in surgical practice. Conclusion: The applications of platelet and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology are fundamental and promising. This advance represents not only a means of accelerating healing, but also a significant contribution to better aesthetic and functional results in surgical procedures in this area.Introduction: Oral and maxillofacial surgery plays a crucial role in the reconstruction and restoration of facial structures, seeking to improve both aesthetics and function. The use of platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) represents a notable advance, accelerating healing and improving surgical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This review covers 710 studies from various electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar). The aim is to thoroughly investigate the applications of platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. Results: The analysis reveals that L-PRF stands out as an effective autologous therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Its application shows remarkable potential for accelerating the healing process, contributing significantly to the effectiveness of procedures. Discussion: L-PRF has emerged as an excellent choice in oral and maxillofacial surgery and traumatology, improving both the aesthetic and functional aspects of facial reconstructions. This highlights the relevance of this autologous therapy and its benefits in surgical practice. Conclusion: The applications of platelet and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology are fundamental and promising. This advance represents not only a means of accelerating healing, but also a significant contribution to better aesthetic and functional results in surgical procedures in this area

Mecanismos Celulares na Dermatite de Contato Alérgica

Objective: The aim of the article is to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying allergic contact dermatitis, aiming to identify potential therapeutic targets to improve the treatment of this skin condition. Methodology: The integrative review addresses recent advances in metrology, highlighting measurement methods, instrumentation, and emerging analytical techniques, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of current practices and trends in this crucial field for various areas such as science, technology, and industry. This approach provides valuable insights to enhance precision, reliability, and innovation in metrology, driving the development of new solutions and applications across various sectors.Results: The findings reveal a wide range of advances in metrology, including significant developments in high-precision measurement methods, advancements in instrumentation, and the implementation of innovative analytical techniques, demonstrating continuous progress in the pursuit of greater reliability and precision in measurements. These results underscore the importance of metrology as a fundamental basis for quality and innovation in various scientific and technological areas.Conclusion: Understanding the intricate cellular mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis offers promising therapeutic perspectives, highlighting the ongoing need for research to validate and explore new therapeutic targets, aiming to improve the management and quality of life of patients affected by this skin condition.Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é elucidar os mecanismos celulares subjacentes à dermatite de contato alérgica, visando identificar potenciais alvos terapêuticos para melhorar o tratamento dessa condição cutânea. Metodologia: A revisão integrativa aborda os avanços recentes na metrologia, destacando métodos de medição, instrumentação e técnicas analíticas emergentes, visando uma compreensão abrangente das práticas e tendências atuais nesse campo crucial para diversas áreas, como ciência, tecnologia e indústria. Essa abordagem oferece insights valiosos para aprimorar a precisão, confiabilidade e inovação na metrologia, impulsionando o desenvolvimento de novas soluções e aplicações em diversos setores. Resultados: Os resultados revelam uma ampla gama de avanços na metrologia, incluindo desenvolvimentos significativos em métodos de medição de alta precisão, avanços na instrumentação e implementação de técnicas analíticas inovadoras, demonstrando o progresso contínuo na busca por maior confiabilidade e precisão nas medições. Esses resultados destacam a importância da metrologia como base fundamental para a qualidade e inovação em diversas áreas científicas e tecnológicas. Conclusão: A compreensão dos intricados mecanismos celulares na dermatite de contato alérgica oferece promissoras perspectivas terapêuticas, destacando a necessidade contínua de pesquisas para validar e explorar novos alvos terapêuticos, visando melhorar o manejo e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes afetados por essa condição cutânea

O Memorial de Imigração Polonesa em Curitiba: dinâmicas culturais e interesses políticos no âmbito memoralista

Neste artigo, analisa-se o conceito de memorial, considerando as atuais definições de Museu propostas pelo Conselho Internacional de Museus e pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Museus, tendo como objeto de investigação o Memorial de Imigração Polonesa de Curitiba. Evidenciam-se a importância e a complexidade no trato com o patrimônio e as dificuldades de pensá-lo a partir dos sujeitos e das referências culturais de determinado grupo em contraponto aos interesses políticos e econômicos; no caso em questão, voltadas às necessidades da política de city marketing como estratégia de construção da imagem da cidade. Para tanto, foram considerados os perfis de atuação dos memoriais em diferentes partes do mundo, na tentativa de delimitação conceitual, exemplificando-se a pluralidade de temas e formatos dessas instituições no âmbito nacional e global. As discussões levantadas permitem pensar que os Museus Memoriais desempenham as atividades de um memorial no âmbito museológico, confirmando a ambivalência dessas duas instituições e sua interface privilegiada com o poder político.This article analyzes the memorial concept, considering the Museum definition presented by the International Council of Museums and the Brazilian Institute of Museums. The aim of this study was the Curitiba Polish Immigration Memorial. It highlights the importance and complexity in dealing with the heritage and the difficulties of thinking it from the individuals and the cultural references of certain groups as opposed to political and economic interests; in this case the needs of the city marketing policy as city image building strategy. Therefore, the memorials performance profiles in different parts of the world in an attempt to conceptual definition, exemplifying the diversity of themes and formats of these institutions at the national and global levels. The discussions show that it is possible to consider that the Memorials Museums perform the same activities of a memorial within the museological context, confirming the ambivalence of these two institutions and prime interface with political power

ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America

Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ