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Les protéines de choc thermiques (HSP) sont des chaperons moléculaires qui stabilisent le pliage et la conformation de protéines normales et oncogéniques, prévenant la formation d'agrégats protéiques. Elles sont impliquées dans la régulation de l'apoptose, de la survie cellulaire et dans la cancérogénèse. HSP90 est la protéine chaperone majeure de stabilisation d'oncogènes impliqués dans les hémopathies malignes. L'objectif de notre travail était de déterminer l'implication de HSP90 dans différents types d'hémopathies malignes, les Leucémies Aiguës Myéloïdes (LAM), les Syndromes Myélodysplasiques (SMD) et les Leucémies Aiguës Lymphoblastiques (LAL), et de tester son inhibition par un inhibiteur spécifique, la tanespimycine (17- AAG). Dans les LAM, nous avons évalué l'implication des différentes isoformes de la protéine dans la résistance aux chimiothérapies et aux inhibiteurs de HSP90. Ce travail met en évidence la valeur péjorative de l'expression de HSP90 dans les différents sous types d'hémopathies, corrélant avec un risque de rechute élevé ou d'évolution vers des formes plus agressives. L'utilisation de la tanespimycine a permis de déclencher l'apoptose dans les cellules immatures impliquées dans ces pathologies. HSP90 constitue donc une protéine majeure de la cellule leucémique, et son ciblage offre des perspectives intéressantes dans le traitement des hémopathies malignesHeat shock proteins (HSP) are molecular chaperones that stabilize the folding and conformation of normal and oncogenic proteins, preventing the formation of protein aggregates. They are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell survival and carcinogenesis. HSP90 is the major chaperone implicated in stabilization of oncogenes involved in hematologic malignancies. The aim of our study was to determine the involvement of HSP90 in various types of malignancies, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and to test its inhibition by a specific inhibitor, the tanespimycine (17-AAG). In acute myeloid leukemia, we evaluated the involvement of different isoforms of the protein in resistance to chemotherapy and inhibitors of HSP90. This work highlights the pejorative value of HSP90 expression in different subtypes of malignancies, correlated with a high risk of relapse or progression to more aggressive forms. Use of tanespimycine has triggered apoptosis in immature cells involved in these diseases. HSP90 is therefore a major protein of the leukemic cell and its targeting offers interesting perspectives in the treatment of hematologic malignancie

Evaluation d'un milieu de culture liquide avec détection de la différenciation mégacaryocytaire par cytométrie en flux dans le diagnostic de la thrombocytémie essentielle

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evaluation by Flow Cytometry of Mature Monocyte Subpopulations for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by persistent monocytosis and dysplasia in at least one myeloid cell lineage. This persistent monocytosis should be distinguished from the reactive monocytosis which is sometimes observed in a context of infections or solid tumors. In 2015, Selimoglu-Buet et al. observed an increased percentage of classical monocytes (CD14+/CD16− >94%) in the peripheral blood (PB) of CMML patients. In this study, using multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC), we assessed the monocytic distribution in PB samples and in bone marrow aspirates from 63 patients with monocytosis or CMML suspicion, and in seven follow-up blood samples from CMML patients treated with hypomethylating agents (HMA). A control group of 12 healthy age-matched donors was evaluated in parallel in order to validate the analysis template. The CMML diagnosis was established in 15 cases in correlation with other clinical manifestations and biological tests. The MFC test for the evaluation of the repartition of monocyte subsets, as previously described by Selimoglu-Buet et al. showed a specificity of 97% in blood and 100% in marrow samples. Additional information regarding the expression of intermediate MO2 monocytes percentage improved the specificity to 100% in blood samples allowing the screening of abnormal monocytosis. The indicative thresholds of CMML monocytosis were different in PB compared to BM samples (classical monocytes >95% for PB and >93% for BM). A decrease of monocyte levels in PB and BM, along with a normalization of monocytes distribution, was observed after treatment in 4/7 CMML patients with favorable evolution. No significant changes were observed in 3/7 patients who did not respond to HMA therapy and also presented unfavorable molecular prognostic factors at diagnosis (ASXL1, TET2, and IDH2 mutations). Considering its simplicity and robustness, the monocyte subsets evaluation by MFC provides relevant information for CMML diagnosis

Influence of major BCR-ABL1 transcript subtype on outcome in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated frontline with nilotinib

International audienc

Improvement of Standardization of Molecular Analyses in Hematology: The 10-year GBMHM French Experience

International audienceMolecular tests have become an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of hematological malignancies and are subject to accreditation according to the International Standard ISO 15189. National standardization of these techniques is essential to ensure that patients throughout France benefit from the same care. We report here on the experience of the GBMHM (Groupe des Biologistes Moléculaires des Hémopathies Malignes). By organizing External Evaluation of Quality (EEQ) programs and training meetings, the GBMHM has contributed to improvement and standardization of molecular tests in 64 French laboratories. A retrospective analysis of the quality-control results of 11 national campaigns spanning 10 years was performed for the 3 most frequently prescribed tests: BCR-ABL1, JAK2 V617F, and lymphoid clonality. For each test, particular attention was placed on comparing methodologies and their evolution throughout the period. The establishment of the BCR-ABL1, JAK2 V617F, and lymphoid clonality EEQ programs and the associated training meetings have initiated a process of collective standardization concerning the methods of implementation (JAK2 V617F) and the interpretation and formulation of results (lymphoid clonality). In addition, it resulted in objective improvement in technical performance (BCR-ABL1). Our evaluation of the impact of these EEQ programs demonstrates that it is possible to obtain reproducible values across different laboratories in France by applying national recommendations. To our knowledge, this is the first publication that evaluates the impact of a national quality assurance program on improving molecular results in hematology

An miRNA–DNMT1 Axis Is Involved in Azacitidine Resistance and Predicts Survival in Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Low Blast Count Acute Myeloid Leukemia

International audienceAbstract Purpose: Azacitidine inhibits DNA methyltransferases, including DNMT1, and is currently the standard of care for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HRMDS) or low blast count acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Experimental Design: The expression of 754 miRNAs was compared in azacitidine-resistant and azacitidine-sensitive myelodysplastic syndrome cells. We investigated the role of differentially expressed miRNAs on DNMT1 expression and azacitidine resistance in vitro. We next evaluated anti-DNMT1 miRNA expression in pretreatment bone marrow samples derived from 75 patients treated with azacitidine for HRMDS or AML. Results: Seven miRNAs, including 5 that in silico targeted the DNMT1 3′ UTR, were repressed in azacitidine-resistant cells in which DNMT1 protein levels were significantly higher. Ectopic anti-DNMT1 miRNA expression decreased DNMT1 expression and increased azacitidine sensitivity, whereas specific inhibition of endogenous anti-DNMT1 miRNAs increased DNMT1 expression and triggered azacitidine resistance. In patients treated with azacitidine, decreased expression of anti-DNMT1 miRNAs was associated with poor outcome. miR-126* had the strongest prognostic impact. Patients with miR-126*low myelodysplastic syndrome had significantly lower response rates (P = 0.04) and higher relapse rates (P = 0.03), as well as shorter progression-free (PFS; P = 0.004) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that age, miR-126* expression, and revised International Prognostic Scoring System risk independently predicted PFS and OS. In 15 patient samples collected over time, decreased miRNA expression levels were associated with secondary resistance. Conclusions: A decreased expression of anti-DNMT1 miRNAs might account for azacitidine resistance in HRMDS and AML, and measuring miRNA expression before and during treatment might help predict primary or secondary azacitidine resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3025–34. ©2016 AACR

TET2 exon 2 skipping is an independent favorable prognostic factor for cytogenetically normal acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

International audienc