La toile à peindre à Paris, 1793-1867 (l'industrialisation d'une filière, entre tradition et innovation)

On étudie les mutations de la fabrication professionnalisée de toile à peindre pendant la première industrialisation de la France, entre deux limites historiques, depuis l avènement probable d une nouvelle filière technique, jusqu au stade de sa maturité, l intervalle étant marqué par divers changements d échelle. C est une histoire de l invention et de l innovation qui détermine les principales articulations chronologiques, malgré la persistance des pratiques traditionnelles dues à la spécificité du produit et de ses consommateurs. Les relations entre fabricants, artistes peintres et savants chimistes, en particulier de l école de Vauquelin, sont soulignées comme l un des moteurs du démarrage de l innovation, de même que celui de l État en arrière-plan. Plusieurs entreprises sont étudiées individuellement et dans leur tissu industriel; la profession des marchands de couleurs est étudiée pour l augmentation de sa population comme pour ses affiliations à plusieurs traditions de métiers.Changes in the professional manufacturing of artists canvas during the first French industrialization is studied, between two historical limits: from the assumed emergence of a new technical way, to its level of maturity, through various scale changes. This is a history of invention and technical innovation, which is providing the main chronological steps, while combining traditional workmanships related to the artists canvas specificity and its consumers. Relationships between canvas primers, painters and chemists, from the Vauquelin school especially, are pointed out as a motor for the innovative process, along with the State action in background. Representative firms are studied as individuals and as parts of an industry; colourman profession is studied for its increasing number, and for its connections with various crafts.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocRENNES2-BU Centrale (352382101) / SudocPARIS1-CHT (751042204) / SudocPARIS-CNAM (751032301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cultures dérobées et production de biogaz, cas particulier des crucifères

International audienceCatch crops cultivated in autumn or over winter can be used as feedstock for agricultural biogas production. Brassicaceae crops are good candidates for this specific use due to their agronomic values in intercropping conditions. However their high content in glucosinolate may conduct to sulphur release in the digesters and induce anaerobic digestion troubles or biogas pollution with hydrogen sulphide. In this study, Brassicaceae crops were used as co-substrate with pig slurry in anaerobic digesters. Their anaerobic biodegradability was close to other lignocellulosic biomass with a large fraction of slowly biodegradable organic matter content. The sulphur and glucosinolates contents in plants did not inhibit the overall anaerobic process neither severely impacted hydrogen sulphide concentration in the biogas

Catch crops for agricultural biogas production, case study for Brassicaceae sp

International audienceCatch crops cultivated in autumn or over winter can be used as feedstock for agricultural biogas production. Brassicaceae crops are good candidates for this specific use due to their agronomic values in intercropping conditions. However their high content in glucosinolate may conduct to sulphur release in the digesters and induce anaerobic digestion troubles or biogas pollution with hydrogen sulphide. In this study, Brassicaceae crops were used as co-substrate with pig slurry in anaerobic digesters. Their anaerobic biodegradability was close to other lignocellulosic biomass with a large fraction of slowly biodegradable organic matter content. The sulphur and glucosinolates contents in plants did not inhibit the overall anaerobic process neither severely impacted hydrogen sulphide concentration in the biogas

Longitudinal study of AMH variations in 122 Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) and non-AYA lymphoma patients to evaluate the chemo-induced ovarian toxicity to further personalise fertility preservation counselling.

International audienceSTUDY QUESTIONWhat is the influence of age and chemotherapy regimen on the longitudinal blood anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) variations in a large series of adolescents and young adult (AYA) (15–24 years old) and non-AYA (25–35 years old) lymphoma patients?SUMMARY ANSWERIn case of alkylating regimen treatment, there was a deep and sustained follicular depletion in AYA as well as non-AYA patients; however in both groups, the ovarian toxicity was extremely low in cases of non-alkylating treatments.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYAMH is now well-recognised to be a real-time indicator of ovarian follicular depletion and recovery in women treated by chemotherapy. Its longitudinal variations may discriminate between highly and minimally toxic protocols regarding ovarian function. It has been shown, in different cancer types, that age, type of chemotherapy regimen and pre-treatment AMH levels are the main predictors of ovarian recovery. Large studies on longitudinal AMH variations under chemotherapy in lymphoma patients are few but can provide the opportunity to assess the degree of follicle loss at a young age.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThis prospective cohort study was conducted in the Fertility Observatory of the Lille University Hospital. Data were collected between 2007 and 2016. Non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma patients (n = 122) between 15 and 35 years old were prospectively recruited before commencing chemotherapy. Patients were treated either by a non-alkylating protocol (ABVD group; n = 67) or by an alkylating regimen (alkylating group; n = 55).PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSSerial AMH measurements were performed at baseline (AMH0), 15 days after the start of chemotherapy (AMH1), 15 days before the last chemotherapy cycle (AMH2), and at time 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months from the end of chemotherapy. The whole study population was divided into two groups according to age: AYA (15–24; n = 65) and non-AYA (25–35; n = 57). All patients received a once monthly GnRH agonist injection during the whole treatment period. A linear mixed model was used to account for the repeated measures of single patients.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEAt baseline, non-AYA patients had higher BMI and lower AMH levels than AYA patients. All AYA and non-AYA patients having received ABVD protocols had regular cycles at 12 months of follow-up. In case of alkylating regimens, amenorrhoea was more frequent in non-AYA patients than in AYA patients at 12 months (37% vs 4%, P = 0.011) and at 24 months (24% vs 4%, P = 0.045). We distinguished a similar depletion phase from AMH0 to AMH2 between ABVD and alkylating groups but significantly different recovery phases from AMH2 to AMH + 24 months. AMH recovery was fast and complete in case of ABVD protocols whatever the age: AMH reached pre-treatment values as soon as the 6th month of follow-up in the AYA group (mean (95% CI) in log AMH M0 vs M6: 3.07 (2.86 to 3.27) vs 3.05 (2.78 to 3.31), P = 1.00) and in the non-AYA group (mean (95% CI) in log AMH M0 vs M6: 2.73 (2.40 to 3.05) vs 2.47 (2.21 to 2.74), P = 1.00). In contrast, no patients from the alkylating group returned to pre-treatment AMH values whatever the age of patients (AYA or non-AYA). Moreover, none of the AMH values post-chemotherapy in the non-AYA group were significantly different from AMH2. Conversely in the AYA group, AMH levels from 6 months (mean (95% CI) in log AMH: 1.79 (1.47 to 2.11), P < 0.001) to 24 months (mean (95% CI) in log AMH: 2.16 (1.80 to 2.52), P ≤ 0.001) were significantly higher than AMH2 (mean (95% CI) in log AMH: 1.13 (0.89 to 1.38)). Considering the whole study population (AYA and non-AYA), pre-treatment AMH levels influenced the pattern of the AMH variation both in alkylating and ABVD protocols (interaction P-value = 0.005 and 0.043, respectively). Likewise, age was significantly associated with the pattern of the recovery phase but only in the alkylating group (interaction P-value =0.001). BMI had no influence on the AMH recovery phase whatever the protocol (interaction P-value = 0.98 in alkylating group, 0.72 in ABVD group).LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONThere was a large disparity in subtypes of protocols in the alkylating group. The average duration of chemotherapy for patients treated with alkylating protocols was longer than that for patients treated with ABVD.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSThese results make it possible to develop strategies for fertility preservation according to age and type of protocol in a large series of young lymphoma patients. In addition, it was confirmed that young age does not protect against ovarian damage caused by alkylating agents.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)This work was supported by Agence Régionale de Santé Hauts de France and Agence Onco Hauts-de-France who provided finances for AMH dosages (n° DOS/SDES/AR/FIR/2019/282). There are no competing interest

Effect of insulin infusion line on glycaemic variability in a perioperative high dependency unit (HDU): a prospective randomised controlled trial

Background Glucose control is an important issue in post-operative patients. The objective here was to compare two insulin infusion lines by syringe pumps to assess the impact of medical devices on glycaemic variability in surgical patients under intensive insulin therapy. This open, prospective, single-centre randomised study was conducted in a fifteen-bed perioperative high dependency unit (HDU) in a university hospital. In total, 172 eligible patients receiving insulin therapy agreed to participate in the study. Subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring was set up for all patients and an optimised system with a dedicated insulin infusion line for half of the patients. Results Eighty-six patients were infused via the optimised infusion line and 86 patients via the standard infusion line. No significant difference was found according to the glycaemic lability index score [mean difference between groups (95% CI): −0.09 (−0.34; 0.16), p = 0.49 after multiple imputation]. A glucose control monitoring system indicated a trend towards differences in the duration of hypoglycaemia (blood glucose level below 70 mg dl−1 (3.9 mmol l−1) over 1000 h of insulin infusion (9.7 ± 25.0 h in the standard group versus 4.4 ± 14.8 h in the optimised group, p = 0.059) and in the number of patients experiencing at least one hypoglycaemia incident (25.7 vs. 12.9%, p = 0.052). Time in the target range was similar for both groups. Conclusions The use of optimised infusion line with a dedicated insulin infusion line did not reduce glycaemic variability but minimised the incidence of hypoglycaemia events. The choice of the medical devices used to infuse insulin seems important for improving the safety of insulin infusion in perioperative HDU

Robot Partial Prostatectomy for Anterior Cancer: Long-term Functional and Oncological Outcomes at 7 Years

Partial prostatectomy has been described as an alternative to focal ablation therapy for the management of localized low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer. This report aims to describe the long-term outcomes in a series of 28 men (2000–2022) who underwent robotic-assisted anterior partial prostatectomy (APP) for anteriorly located tumors entirely or partially within the anterior fibromuscular stroma. The median follow-up is 7 yr (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.2–8). The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) before APP was 9.6 (6–11). Continence remained uninterrupted in 92% of patients. Erectile function without drug remained uninterrupted in 69%. The median nadir PSA after APP was 0.36 ng/ml (IQR: 0.25–0.60). Cancer recurrence at biopsies at the margins of the primary cancer resected area in case of a PSA elevation was observed in eight patients and led to salvage completion robotic radical prostatectomy at a median time of 3.25 yr (IQR: 2.4–6). Freedom from post-APP cancer recurrence at 7 yr was 62.7% (35.0–81.3%). Pre-APP tumor volume at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and volume of grade 4/5 were predictive of recurrence. Freedom from biochemical recurrence after completion radical prostatectomy at 7 yr was 94.7% (68.1–99.3%). All 28 patients are alive. No one had systemic treatment or metastases. These results confirm our initial report of robotic APP with good functional results and acceptable oncological results. The use of the inclusion criteria of pre-APP tumor volume at MRI <3 cc may decrease the risk of recurrence. Patient summary: In this report, we looked at outcomes for infrequent cases of anterior prostate cancer treated with anterior partial prostatectomy, an uncommon surgical procedure as an alternative to in situ focal ablation therapy, to better preserve functional outcomes as compared with whole gland therapy. We found that functional outcomes of uninterrupted continence and erectile function were good. Out of 28 patients, eight had recurrence in the remaining prostate and were treated with a second surgical procedure, radical prostatectomy, which was feasible. We conclude that this new technique is feasible with good functional results and acceptable oncological results, which can be shared with the patients

Susceptibility vessel sign on MRI predicts better clinical outcome in patients with anterior circulation acute stroke treated with stent retriever as first-line strategy

International audienceBackground Susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) can be a useful MRI biomarker of an occlusion but its relationship with clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is yet to be fully elucidated.Objective To investigate SVS in relation to the clinical outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy using a stent retriever (SR) as first-line approach in patients with AIS.Material and methods We included patients with a first-line SR approach for anterior AIS from the the Contact Aspiration vs Stent Retriever for Successful Revascularization (ASTER) and THRombectomie des Artères CErebrales (THRACE) trials when both baseline imaging of SVS and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were available. Patients were assigned to two groups based on the presence of an SVS (independent core laboratory), and the overall distributions of the mRS score at 90 days (shift analysis) and clinical independence (mRS score ≤2) were compared.Results 217 patients were included and SVS was diagnosed in 76.0% of cases (n=165, 95% CI 70.4% to 81.7%). After adjustment for potential confounders, SVS+ was significantly associated with 90-day mRS improvement (adjusted common OR=2.75; 95% CI 1.44 to 5.26) and favorable outcome (adjusted common OR=2.76; 95% CI 1.18 to 6.45).Conclusion Based on results for patients of the ASTER and THRACE trials receiving first-line SR treatment, SVS was associated with lower disability at 3 months. Large prospective studies using MRI-based thrombus evaluation are warrante

Outcome of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with MET-driven resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors

International audienceSeveral mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC have been described including the T790M mutation and METPatients with metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC displaying high MET overexpression or METForty two patients were included. The median overall survival (OS), and the median post EGFR TKI progression overall survival (PPOS) were 36.2 months [95%CI 27.3-66.5] and 18.5 months [95%CI 10.6-27.4] respectively. Nineteen out of 36 tumors tested for MET FISH had METMET-driven resistance to EGFR TKI defines a specific pattern of resistance characterized by low objective response rate to MET inhibitors given alone and overlapping with T790M mutations. Further studies are warranted to define adequate therapeutic strategies for MET-driven resistance to EGFR TKI