The Effect of Comparative FonF Structure on Learning L2 Verb Components

This study focuses on the impact of the type of form-focused instruction (FFI) on its efficiency in mastering L2 forms. The hypothesis that FFI, which induces structural and metalinguistic salience on the basis of contrastive analysis of the learner’s L1 and L2, would be particularly effective at facilitating the acquisition of difficult L2 forms was tested in a quasi-experimental study comparing the effectiveness of two types of FFI, one with and one without a contrastive component. The contrastive FFI explicitly drew learners’ attention to the cross-linguistic differences in the tense-aspect systems of their L2 and L1 while the non-contrastive treatment only focused on the tense-aspect system of the L2. The effects of these two types of FFI were assessed by analyzing the learners’ pre-test and post-test performance on two tasks differing in the extent to which they involve the activation of explicit and implicit linguistic knowledge: A grammatical judgment task and a controlled translation task. The subjects of the study comprised of 43 students majoring in English language in the Iranian capital university, Tehran, 22 were selected as for the experimental group and 21 for control group randomly. The results of the study revealed that the quantitative analysis of the Grammatical Judgment Test (GJT) data indicated no significant effect of CFFI due to the novelty of the translatory technique, or the potential individual differences in the learning orientation of the learners. On the contrary, the qualitative analysis indicated differential effects of this type of FFI according to the nature of target form, i.e. CFFI was beneficial in raising the grammatical judgment of Persian Learners of English (PLE) regarding present perfect form but not effective in their judgment of ungrammatical progressive forms. In terms of translation task, the CFFI appeared to be effective in the correct use of the target structures by PLE. This may be mainly due to the fact that Translation Test (TT) needed explicit knowledge which was presented in CFFI and that translation is a contrastive activity in nature

Electrochemical and interfacial characterisation of localised corrosion at heterogeneous structures in AA2024

Heavily-deformed aluminum alloys, in contrast to annealed versions, contain abundant heterogeneous nano and micro structures such as crystal defects that could affect their corrosion behaviour. This research investigated the effects of these complex structures within a high-strength AA2024 wire, utilising a wide range of advanced characterisation and electrochemical techniques in novel combinations to probe localised corrosion initiation and propagation processes from macro down atomic scales.<br /

Evaluation the effect of using thyme and oregano powder in comparison to the antibiotic and probiotic supplementation on growth, some immune responses and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks

To determine the effect of using thyme and oregano powder supplementation on performance, some immune response and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks a total of 200 one-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were divided into the four treatments consisting of five replicates of 10 chicks each. The treatments were as control groups with no herbal, antibiotic and probiotic supplementations. control groups + virginiamycine antibiotic, control groups + protexin probiotic, control groups + 2 % of each thyme and oregano powder supplementation and Control groups + 4 % of each thyme and oregano powder supplementation. The performance parameters such as feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured during the study period. To determine immunity parameters on days 28, 0.5 mL of 10 % sheep red blood cells suspension was administrated to two chicks per each replicate through and at day 31, 3 mL blood samples were collected from left wing. On day 42, jejunum tissue samples were separated and fixed in (10 %) neutral buffer formalin and were analyzed by auto-processing apparatus, there after the slide sections were prepared by rotary microtome type (Manubeni, Erma-Tokyo, Japan) and the average of villi measurements was reported as a mean for each bird. The result of this study showed that the dietary inclusion of herbals and probiotic had no significant effects on FI and FCR of broiler chicks but higher body weight gain were seen with they received thyme+oregano supplementation. Inclusion of thyme+oregano and probiotic increased humeral immunity in broiler chicks compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally heterophil, lymphocyte and their ratio were not influenced by experimental treatments. The villus length, villus width, and crypt depth were increased were the birds feed by oregano and thyme powders. In conclusion in current study some of beneficial acts toward using thyme and oregano powders on performance, some immune parameters and intestinal morphology on broiler chicks were demonstrated

An Examination of the Errors Committed by Iranian MA Students in their Translation of Advertisement Slogans Based on Keshavarz’s Taxonomy of Errors

The present work is an attempt to reveal the nature of translating advertisement slogans over two different cultures by investigating the errors that will occur by Iranian MA translation students in translating a corpus of advertisements from English into Persian and vice versa. The sample of this study consisted of sixty MA students of translation studies who were randomly selected from three Azad university branches (Fars Science and Research branch, Tehran Science and Research and Bandar Abbas Azad University). The instruments used for data collection included a questionnaire consisted of eight advertising slogans in English and seven in Persian for products that were internationally marketed. The statistical procedure to analyze the data was Chi-square procedure to illustrate the frequency and percentage of errors occurrence. The results demonstrated that the ratio of wrong answers in the two languages is not the same. Generally, participants committed more errors in the translation of the Persian advertisement slogans comparing to English ones. Most errors participants committed in Persian translation slogans were related to grammatical and lexical interferences and most errors participants committed in English translation slogans were related to misunderstanding and misinterpretation of semantic and pragmatic aspects of the slogans

Application of native materials and its impact in promoting place attachment in the design of the residential complex: A case study in Lahijan City, Iran

One of the basic human needs is the need for belonging. In the field of architecture, this need finds meaning in the form of place and first place known to man is house and his residence. Native materials are rooted in the culture and the past of people in a country, and are part of social indications. Having its own color, texture and form may increase visibility and physical contrast in the image of cities and can be effective in the knowledge and understanding of the environment and promoting place attachment. In this paper, with the aim of increasing the quality of life in the residential complex, research has been done associated with place attachment- one of the indicators of high quality environment quality. The research method was descriptive–analytical. Questionnaires were developed according to the purpose and content of the study. The research has been carried out with 50 samples. The data obtained through the questionnaires were described and analyzed by using software. Finally, the results were extracted, which were classified on the basis of accepting or rejecting hypotheses. It became clear that the questions could prove considered hypotheses. Results show that native materials can generate place attachment as a result of its color, texture, form and visual natural effect

Investigation on nonlinear-optical properties of palm oil/silver nanoparticles.

The study carried out using continuous wave diode pumped solid state laser with wavelength of 405 nm and power of 50 mW. The strong spatial selfphase modulation patterns were observed that suggest the palm oil/Ag-NPs have a relatively large nonlinear refractive index. The obtained values of nonlinear refractive index were increased with the increase of volume fractions. The observed experimental patterns were also theoretically modeled which are in good agreement with experimental results

Concept Analysis of Empathy in Nursing

Introduction: Empathy appears to be an important concept in the interpersonal repertoire of nurses. A number of definitions and models of empathy are available in the literature. The aim of this paper was to analyze the concept of empathy using Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis Method: Keywords of empathy and nursing were searched in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Index, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Medline databases. Articles published during the last 15 years in any of these databases were examined. Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis was used to identify major themes, areas of agreement and disagreement across disciplines, changes in the concept over time, and emerging trends. Results: Five conceptualizations of empathy including empathy as a human trait, empathy as a professional state, empathy as a communication process, empathy as caring, and empathy as a special relationship were revealed. Conclusion: Nursing, as a profession, must have an independent analysis of empathy in its context. Keywords: Concept analysis, Evolutionary method, Empathy, Communication, Nurse-Patien

Beeswax-colophony blend: a novel green organic coating for protection of steel drinking water storage tanks

Beeswax-colophony blend is mainly used as a sealant mixture for preservation applications. The beeswax itself, however, has had a long way in history taking part in conservation processes including mummification. In this research, this blend was used as a protective coating for drinking water distribution tanks. Initially, a layer with 400 &mu;m thickness was applied on a sand blasted mild steel plate. The long-term electrochemical behavior of the coating was investigated by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical microbiological characteristics of the coating, microbial and chemical examinations were performed on drinking water samples that had been in contact with the coating. Furthermore, its behavior in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) in a wastewater treatment plant was investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Regarding the consistency of experimental results, it was concluded that this proposed recyclable blend could be considered as a novel green organic coating and also a good corrosion barrier even in aggressive environments

Microstructure and corrosion of AA2024

AA2024-Tx is one of the most common high-strength aluminium alloys used in the aerospace industry. This article reviews current understanding of the microstructure of sheet AA2024-T3 and chronicles the emergence of new compositions for constituent particles as well as reviews older literature to understand the source of the original compositions. The review goes on to summarise older and more recent studies on corrosion of AA2024-T3, drawing attention to areas of corrosion initiation and propagation. It pays particular attention to modern approaches to corrosion characterisation as obtained through microelectrochemical techniques and physicochemical characterisation, which provide statistical assessment of factors that contribute to corrosion of AA2024. These approaches are also relevant to other alloys