FP-tree and COFI Based Approach for Mining of Multiple Level Association Rules in Large Databases

In recent years, discovery of association rules among itemsets in a large database has been described as an important database-mining problem. The problem of discovering association rules has received considerable research attention and several algorithms for mining frequent itemsets have been developed. Many algorithms have been proposed to discover rules at single concept level. However, mining association rules at multiple concept levels may lead to the discovery of more specific and concrete knowledge from data. The discovery of multiple level association rules is very much useful in many applications. In most of the studies for multiple level association rule mining, the database is scanned repeatedly which affects the efficiency of mining process. In this research paper, a new method for discovering multilevel association rules is proposed. It is based on FP-tree structure and uses cooccurrence frequent item tree to find frequent items in multilevel concept hierarchy.Comment: Pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS, Vol. 7 No. 2, February 2010, USA. ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis

Causes of congenital corneal opacities and their management in a tertiary care center.

PURPOSE: To evaluate causes and management of congenital corneal opacities (CCO) diagnosed in a tertiary care eye center and to compare the data with a previous study at the same institution. METHODS: Computerized medical records in all patients with congenital corneal opacities diagnosed in the Cornea Service at Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, PA) between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Children aged 12 years and younger at the first visit were included in the study. Patients\u27 demographics, ocular diagnosis, laterality, associated ocular abnormalities, other ocular surgery performed prior or subsequent to the first visit, and their treatment were extracted from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 77 eyes in 56 patients were examined. The mean age at presentation was 32.8 ± 44.2 months, with the mean follow-up period of 26.7 ± 30.1 months. The most frequent diagnosis was Peters anomaly (53.2%), followed by limbal dermoid (13.0%), aniridia with glaucoma and microphthalmos (6.5%), sclerocornea and congenital glaucoma (5.2%), idiopathic (3.9%), Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly and Hurler syndrome (2.6%), and microcornea (1.3%). Primary keratoplasty was performed in 26 eyes, with the outcome rate in the clear cornea of 76.0% during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Peters anomaly is the most common cause of congenital corneal opacities encountered at our institution. Penetrating keratoplasty is the most frequent choice of corneal surgery to treat congenital corneal opacities. Additional interventions during penetrating keratoplasty were moderately positively correlated with graft failure. This study also shows the rates of some etiologies of that changed over the recent decades in our tertiary care Cornea Service. Although Peters anomaly remains the most common presenting reason for congenital corneal opacities, its rate appears to be increasing over the recent decade. Congenital corneal opacities due to birth trauma, which is one of the preventable causes, were observed in a previous study in our clinic; however, no new cases were noted in this study

Current Efficiency, Dielectric Measurements & Ion Mobility Studies of Anodic Oxide Films Formed on Tantalum in Aqueous Electrolytes

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A review article on Kaphaja Shotha vis-à-vis Diabetic Nephropathy and its management

Modern medical science has eliminated the threat of death and disability from most infectious diseases through improved sanitation, vaccination and antibiotics. But death from lifestyle diseases is now a primary concern. Modern life advancement and dietary food habits result into number of pathologies which are hard to treat and sometimes become irreversible. One amongst them is Shotha (oedema). Shotha is a Tridoshajavyadhi. In Kaphajashotha, there is Pradhanata of Kapha Dosha and has peculiar symptoms like Pitting Oedema, oedema is more in the night time, and with Loss of taste etc. Considering the symptoms, we can study Kaphaja Shotha vis-a-vis Diabetic Nephropathy and its management through Ayurveda.  Ayurveda is known as “Science of longevity” because it offers a complete system to live a long healthy life

Exploitation of Copper Bleed Stream for the Extraction and Recovery of Copper and Nickel by Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic Acid

Bleed streams from copper electrolysis/electrowinning processes potentially contain high amounts of acid, copper, and nickel which need an effective treatment before disposal. A systematic study was carried out to optimize the parameters for the extraction and recovery of metal values using bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) diluted with kerosene. Since pH has a major role to play in the separation of Cu from Ni, a 60% saponified solvent was used for extraction studies. With an increase in equilibrium pH from 3.32 to 5.48 and extractant concentration from 5 to 20%, there is an increase in the percentage extraction of metal ions. With a solvent concentration of 20%, the separation factor for Cu with respect to Ni ( ) increases from 39.1 to 118.8 with the increase in pH from 3.3 to 5.5. Loading capacity of 20% Cyanex 272 was found to be 30.8 g/L Cu and 0.024 g/L Ni. After scrubbing of coextracted Ni(II) with 15 g/L H2SO4, the loaded organic containing 30.59 g/L Cu(II) and 4 ppm Ni(II) was stripped with 75 g/L sulfuric acid. A McCabe-Thiele plot shows the requirement of two counter-current stages at an O:A ratio of 1:1 for extraction and two counter-current stages at O:A ratio of 2:1 for the stripping of copper. Results of the present investigation indicate the possibility of the use of saponified Cyanex 272 for the extraction, separation, and recovery of copper and nickel from the actual spent copper bleed streams

Variation in Feed Point within Differed L-Slot Multi-frequency Microstrip Patch

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna with differed pair of L-slots is presented. The proposed antenna is designed to evaluate the effect of alteration in probe-feed point. The proposed microstrip antenna is suitable for bluetooth, mobile and wireless communication applications simultaneously. It is designed successfully for mobile communication systems and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) applications. The results obtained had showed better improvement in the return loss and radiation pattern in comparison to the other existing antennas

Economics analysis of tomato cultivation under poly house and open field conditions in Haryana, India

In the present paper an attempt has been made to study the comparative economics of tomato cultivation under poly house and open field conditions in Karnal district, Haryana. Production and marketing constraints under poly house cultivation have also been identified. The primary data for the agriculture year 2013-14 were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of a specially designed schedule. Simple statistical tool like Averages and percentages were used to compare, contrast and interpret the results properly. The overall findings of the study reveal that the cost of cultivation of tomato under poly houses was higher by Rs. 206816.90/acre as com-pared to open field conditions. At the same time, the net returns under poly houses were higher by Rs. 51097.54/acre. Farmers realized 53.71 % higher yield of tomato under poly house as compared to open field conditions. The gross return, returns over variable cost and net return were also higher by 106.94 %, 160.70 % and 48.70 %, respectively in case of poly house as compared to open field conditions. The results of the study also revealed that the tomato cultivation under poly houses has significantly contributed to the yield