Rickets mimicker: A report of two cases of primary hyperparathyroidism in adolescence

The presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in most Western countries has evolved from the classic description of ‘stones, bones, and groans’ to becoming increasingly asymptomatic as a result of more frequent serum calcium screening. However, many developing countries are still reporting predominantly symptomatic PHPT with the classic complications of skeletal disease and nephrolithiasis still being quite common. Furthermore, the exact prevalence of PHPT in children is not known but it is thought to be uncommon and the clinical presentation and outcomes in this subgroup of patients are not well described in the literature. Two cases of PHPT occurring in adolescent boys are reported. Both cases initially presented with chronic bone pain involving the lower limbs and had a long delay before the diagnosis of PHPT was confirmed. They developed progressive deformities of the lower limbs, which resembled rickets clinically. Radiological features were also suggestive of rickets. However, biochemistry confirmed parathyroid hormone mediated hypercalcaemia in both cases and after parathyroid surgery a parathyroid adenoma was confirmed histologically as the aetiology of hypercalcaemia. Therefore, PHPT occurring in adolescence may have a clinical presentation almost identical to that of rickets. All patients presenting with skeletal deformities including a rickets phenotype must have serum calcium and phosphate levels measured as part of the diagnostic workup

Trends in glycaemic control and morbidity over 10 years in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital

Aim: To assess control and morbidity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 attending a tertiary adult diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa.Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients with T1D who attended clinic in the years 2006, 2012 and 2015. Clinical and laboratory changes were assessed at an individual patient-level follow-up (IPLF) and whole clinic level (n = 231).Results: In the IPLF study arm (n = 58; 45% Black patients; 62% female; median age 18 years), mean HbA1c [% (mmol/mol)] decreased from 9.9 ± 2.6% (85 ± 28) in 2006 to 8.7 ± 1.5% (72 ± 16) in 2012 (p < 0.001) and to 9.1 ± 1.7% (76 ± 19) in 2015 (p = 0.03); target HbA1c < 7.0% (< 53 mmol/mol) was achieved in 7.1%, 5.3% and 8.3%, respectively. Compared with 2006, in 2015 there was a higher prevalence of retinopathy (10.3% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.004), abnormal glomerular filtration rate (0% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.04) and abnormal serum creatinine (0% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.02). Predictive risk factors for new retinopathy included diabetes duration (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–1.3; p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.0–1.3; p = 0.04).Conclusion: Glycaemic control improved over 10 years, but fell short of recommended targets. Intensive efforts are required to achieve current targets for glycaemic and non-glycaemic control

Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, causing a substantial burden of ill health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. It is a multisystem disease and is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Unlike other highly prevalent conditions, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Health system and public health responses to NAFLD have been weak and fragmented, and, despite its pervasiveness, NAFLD is largely unknown outside hepatology and gastroenterology. There is only a nascent global public health movement addressing NAFLD, and the disease is absent from nearly all national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, including obesity. In this global Delphi study, a multidisciplinary group of experts developed consensus statements and recommendations, which a larger group of collaborators reviewed over three rounds until consensus was achieved. The resulting consensus statements and recommendations address a broad range of topics — from epidemiology, awareness, care and treatment to public health policies and leadership — that have general relevance for policy-makers, health-care practitioners, civil society groups, research institutions and affected populations. These recommendations should provide a strong foundation for a comprehensive public health response to NAFLD

Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement

© Springer Nature Limited 2021, corrected publication 2021Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, causing a substantial burden of ill health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. It is a multisystem disease and is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Unlike other highly prevalent conditions, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Health system and public health responses to NAFLD have been weak and fragmented, and, despite its pervasiveness, NAFLD is largely unknown outside hepatology and gastroenterology. There is only a nascent global public health movement addressing NAFLD, and the disease is absent from nearly all national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, including obesity. In this global Delphi study, a multidisciplinary group of experts developed consensus statements and recommendations, which a larger group of collaborators reviewed over three rounds until consensus was achieved. The resulting consensus statements and recommendations address a broad range of topics - from epidemiology, awareness, care and treatment to public health policies and leadership - that have general relevance for policy-makers, health-care practitioners, civil society groups, research institutions and affected populations. These recommendations should provide a strong foundation for a comprehensive public health response to NAFLD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio