Social Work, Child Protection and Politics: Some Critical and Constructive Reflections

This Critical Commentary reflects on how the author's personal and professional experiences have both mirrored and fed into the changing policy and practice contexts in England over the last forty years. A central part of the argument is that the way public and political debates have been constructed has meant there is a very intimate relationship between social work and child protection such that the former almost fails to have an existence outside of the parameters of the latter; social work has been reduced to a very narrow concern with child protection. The Commentary considers how this has come about and concludes by arguing that the two need to be clearly disaggregated such that each has a clear existence separate from the other so that more progressive policies and practices can be developed

Boundary value problems of elasticity theory for plane domains with one-dimensional elastic reinforcements

This article is a translation of an article published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No 1, pp 103-114 Jan-Feb 1991.Many authors have examined problems related to the load transmission from an elastic rod to an elastic plane. It was assumed in the majority of investigationa that the stringer is a thin rectilinear rod transmitting only longitudinal forces while the rod contact with the plane is realized along a line. different modifications of sheet contact with a rectilinear tensile stringer considered as an inner stringer of finite length or as an infinite edge stringer were analyzed in [1, 2]. Problems about the reinforcement of holes in a plate by a thin rod of constant section that possesses bending and longitudinal stiffnesses were solved in [3]. The eccentricity of the connection between the shell middle surface and the rod was taken into account in [4] in a study of shells reinforced by thin curvilinear rods. Other models of the one-dimensional element connected to an elastic medium without taking account of its bending stiffness were analyzed in [5, 6]. Solutions of a number of problems with circular reinforcing elements are obtained in [7]. An isotropic finite or infinite, linearly elastic plate reinforced along part or all of the boundary and along certain internal lines by elastic curvilinear rods possessing variable longitudinal and bending stiffnesses, variable curvature and thickness, the eccentricity of the connection to the plate and with an arbitrary transverse section shape symmetric relative to the plate middle surface are studied in this paper. Boundary conditions on the line of plate contact with the inner or edge elastic rods are obtained for the reinforcement models generalizing [1, 2] by using the theory of elastic rods in the case of a plane state of stress. Existence and uniqueness theorems are proved for appropriate boundary value problems; the singularity of the stresses at angles and tips of the rods are proved. The relationships obtained carry over completely to the plane strain problem for an elastic cylinder reinforced by homogeneous cylindrical shells along the generator. Some of the results described here are represented in [8]

Thinking from Experience in Psychosocial Practice: Reclaiming and Teaching ‘Use of Self’

A course based on psychosocial theory and students' experiences in practice has been taught in the UK, Norway and Quebec. It departs from the classical social work concept ‘use of self’ and aims to help novices in health and social work to understand how the social world is internalised and re-produced and the value of thinking from experience. International developments such as, competency-based education, New Public Management and evidence-based practice reduce opportunities for experiential learning. This trend has been exacerbated by a focus on anti-oppressive practice without a corresponding understanding of how oppressive relations are internalized and enacted by defended and conflicted subjects. Attempts to rectify a relational deficit through traditions of reflective practice and critical reflection are important developments, but could be further strengthened by psychosocial and psychodynamic perspectives. The course combines critical, contextual and relational thinking for students in caring profession

Child-centric Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the fragmentation of child welfare practice in England

The ways in which government supports families and protects children are always a fine balance. In recent years, we suggest that this balance can be characterised increasingly as ‘child-centric’, less concerned with families and more focused on individual children and their needs. This article charts the changes in families and government responses over the last 40 years, and the way this is reflected in organisational and administrative arrangements. It notes in particular the impact on everyday practice of the introduction of information and communication technologies. Findings are reported from recent research which shows the struggles faced by practitioners who try to manage systems which separate children from their familial, social and relational contexts. As a consequence, we suggest, the work has become increasingly fragmented and less mindful of children's life within families. While the data and analysis draw on research carried out in England, we suggest that similar changes may be going on in other Western liberal democracies

Risk Aversion among Smallholder High-value Crop Farmers in the Southern Philippines

Several elicitation techniques were employed to gauge the attitudes to risk of smallholder high-value crop farmers in the southern Philippines. Results showed varying degrees of risk aversion, neutrality, and preference among smallholder farmers. Although some of the techniques classified distinct groups of local growers as either risk-averse or risk-preferring, the estimated risk aversion coefficients were relatively low signifying an inclination toward risk neutrality. These may partly explain the degree of openness or non-openness of smallholder farmers to cultural changes and development interventions. Variations in farmers' risk attitude classification among the different elicitation methods indicate the need for further validation studies and more definitive evaluation standards

Can Automatic Post-Editing Make MT More Meaningful?

Automatic post-editors (APEs) enable the re-use of black box machine translation (MT) systems for a variety of tasks where different aspects of translation are important. In this paper, we describe APEs that target adequacy errors, a critical problem for tasks such as cross-lingual question-answering, and compare different approaches for post-editing: a rule-based system and a feedback approach that uses a computer in the loop to suggest improvements to the MT system. We test the APEs on two different MT systems and across two different genres. Human evaluation shows that the APEs significantly improve adequacy, regardless of approach, MT system or genre: 30-56% of the post-edited sentences have improved adequacy compared to the original MT

High energy scattering in 2+1 QCD

High energy scattering in 2+1 QCD is studied using the recent approach of Verlinde and Verlinde. We calculate the color singlet part of the quark-quark scattering exactly within this approach, and discuss some physical implication of this result. We also demonstrate, by two independent methods, that reggeization fails for the color singlet channel. We briefly comment on the problem in 3+1 QCD.Comment: 20 pages, references adde

MOLES3: implementing an ISO standards driven data catalogue

ISO19156 Observations and Measurements (O&M) provides a standardised framework for organising information about the collection of information about the environment. Here we describe the implementation of a specialisation of O&M for environmental data, the Metadata Objects for Linking Environmental Sciences (MOLES3). MOLES3 provides support for organising information about data, and for user navigation around data holdings. The implementation described here, “CEDA-MOLES”, also supports data management functions for the Centre for Environmental Data Archival, CEDA. The previous iteration of MOLES (MOLES2) saw active use over five years, being replaced by CEDA-MOLES in late 2014. During that period important lessons were learnt both about the information needed, as well as how to design and maintain the necessary information systems. In this paper we review the problems encountered in MOLES2; how and why CEDA-MOLES was developed and engineered; the migration of information holdings from MOLES2 to CEDA-MOLES; and, finally, provide an early assessment of MOLES3 (as implemented in CEDA-MOLES) and its limitations. Key drivers for the MOLES3 development included the necessity for improved data provenance, for further structured information to support ISO19115 discovery metadata export (for EU INSPIRE compliance), and to provide appropriate fixed landing pages for Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) in the presence of evolving datasets. Key lessons learned included the importance of minimising information structure in free text fields, and the necessity to support as much agility in the information infrastructure as possible without compromising on maintainability both by those using the systems internally and externally (e.g. citing in to the information infrastructure), and those responsible for the systems themselves. The migration itself needed to ensure continuity of service and traceability of archived assets

Children, family and the state : revisiting public and private realms

The state is often viewed as part of the impersonal public sphere in opposition to the private family as a locus of warmth and intimacy. In recent years this modernist dichotomy has been challenged by theoretical and institutional trends which have altered the relationship between state and family. This paper explores changes to both elements of the dichotomy that challenge this relationship: a more fragmented family structure and more individualised and networked support for children. It will also examine two new elements that further disrupt any clear mapping between state/family and public/private dichotomies: the third party role of the child in family/state affairs and children's application of virtual technology that locates the private within new cultural and social spaces. The paper concludes by examining the rise of the 'individual child' hitherto hidden within the family/state dichotomy and the implications this has for intergenerational relations at personal and institutional levels