On Completely Mixed Stochastic Games

In this paper, we consider a zero-sum undiscounted stochastic game which has finite state space and finitely many pure actions. Also, we assume the transition probability of the undiscounted stochastic game is controlled by one player and all the optimal strategies of the game are strictly positive. Under all the above assumptions, we show that the $\beta$-discounted stochastic games with the same payoff matrices and $\beta$ sufficiently close to 1 are also completely mixed. We give a counterexample to show that the converse of the above result in not true. We also show that, if we have non-zero value in some state for the undiscounted stochastic game then for $\beta$ sufficiently close to 1 the $\beta$-discounted stochastic game also possess nonzero value in the same state

Confining Configurations in QCD and Relation to Rigid Strings

The gauge field configurations of QCD gauge fields in the infrared regime are obtained by magnetic symmetry condition. The effective dual action exhibits dual Meissner effect with quarks included. A string representation of this action corresponds to rigid string.Comment: 3 pages, Latex file, usepackage fleqn, espcrc2. Talk given in the parallel session of the XVIII International Sympposium on Lattice Field Theory, August 2000, held at Bangalore, Indi

Discounted and positive stochastic games

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UV (IUE) spectra of the central stars of high latitude planetary nebulae Hb7 and Sp3

We present an analysis of the UV (IUE) spectra of the central stars of Hb7 and Sp3. Comparison with the IUE spectrum of the standard star HD 93205 leads to a spectral classification of O3V for these stars, with an effective temperature of 50,000 K. From the P-Cygni profiles of CIV (1550 A), we derive stellar wind velocities and mass loss rates of -1317 km/s +/- 300 km/s and 2.9X10^{-8} solar mass yr^{-1} and -1603 km/s +/- 400 km/s and 7X10^{-9} solar mass yr^{-1} for Hb7 and Sp3 respectively. From all the available data, we reconstruct the spectral energy distribution of Hb7 and Sp3.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, latex, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Dual Gluon Mass in the Confining Region of QCD

The Dual Meissner Effect description of QCD in the confining region provides $\frac{1}{q^4}$ behaviour for the gluon propagator and involves the dual gluon mass $m$ as a parameter. This is used in the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the quarks in the infrared region to exhibit chiral symmetry breaking for light quarks. Using the light quark condensate as input, the dual gluon mass is determined and its importance in showing the asymptotic free behaviour of the extrinsic curvature coupling in the rigid QCD string is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, Accepted for Publication in Phys.Lett.

Spectroscopy of the post-AGB star HD 101584(IRAS 11385-5517)

From an analysis of the spectrum (4000\AA to 8800\AA) of HD~101584 it is found that most of the neutral and single ionized metallic lines are in emission. The forbidden emission lines of [OI] 6300\AA and 6363\AA and [CI] 8727\AA are detected, which indicate the presence of a very low excitation nebula. The H$\alpha$, FeII 6383\AA, NaI D$_{1}$, D$_{2}$ lines and the CaII IR triplet lines show P-Cygni profiles indicating a mass outflow. The H$\alpha$ line shows many velocity components in the profile. The FeII 6383\AA also has almost the same line profile as the H$\alpha$ line indicating that they are formed in the same region. From the spectrum synthesis analysis we find the atmospheric parameters to be T$_{eff}$=8500K, log g=1.5, V$_{turb}$=13km~s$^{-1}$ and [Fe/H]=0.0. From an analysis of the absorption lines the photospheric abundances of some of the elements are derived. Carbon and nitrogen are found to be overabundant. From the analysis of Fe emission lines we derived T$_{exi}$=6100K$\pm$200 for the emission line region.Comment: To appear in A&A, 15 pages, 11 figure

INCIDENCE OF POST-DURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE IN INDIAN POPULATION: A NEED FOR A RELOOK

ABSTRACTObjective: Subarachnoid blockade or spinal anesthesia has been the standard anesthetic technique for many years for surgery below umbilicus in afit patient. Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) has been the cause of worry in such patients which may be sometimes debilitating and may prolongdischarge times. As the current research points to 20% incidence of PDPH with the use of 23 gauge needles, we aimed to find out the actual incidenceof PDPH in patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries in our population. We also analyzed the severity of such a headache and the need of any otherextra intervention.Methods: A total of 126 consecutive non-pregnant patients posted for infraumbilical surgeries in the winter months were administered spinalanesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 23 gauge quincke needle. The intra-operative management was according to the routine protocol.In the post-operative period in 12, 24 and 48-hr, incidence of a headache with (PDPH) and without postural variation was noted. Any other event wasalso noted.Results: The mean and standard deviation of age in years was 35.15±12.35. The incidence of PDPH was 9.5%: (n=12) the other type of non-postural,vague headache formed 8.7%. Even among the 12, 7 patients reported headache spontaneously while the other 5 reported only on questioning.All patients were comfortable by 72 hrs except one who had mild pain until 6 day. All patients except one were discharged according the othernecessities and not postponed due to headache.thConclusion: The incidence of PDPH is around 9.5% and none was severe. The patients should be questioned on the incidence of PDPH rather thanwaiting for spontaneous reporting. Seasonal variations in the incidence need to be explored. There is no need to struggle with smaller gauge needlesin cases with technical difficulty in administering spinal anesthesia.Keywords: Anesthesia, Spinal, Dural puncture, Headache

Analysis of minimization algorithms for multiple-valued programmable logic arrays

This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. As such, it is in the public domain, and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, Section 105, may not be copyrighted.Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, May 1988, pp. 226-236We compare the performance of three heuristic algorithms [3,6,13] for the minimization of sum-of-products expressions realized by the newly developed multiplevalued programmable logic arrays [9]. Heuristic methods are important because exact minimization is extremely time consuming. We compare the heuristics to the exact solution, showing that heuristic methods are reasonably close to minimal. We use as a basis of comparison the average number of product terms over a set of randomly generated functions. All three heuristics produce nearly the same average number of product terms. Although the averages are close, there is surprisingly little overlap among the set of functions where the best realization is achieved. Thus, there is a benefit to applying different heuristics and then choosing the best realization

Equilibria of continuous two-person games

Some sufficient conditions are given to show the existence of equilibrium points with finite spectrum for nonzero-sum two-person continuous games on the unit square. We also examine the question of uniqueness of the equilibrium point for such games