Impact of European Water Framework Directive Article 7 on Drinking Water Directive compliance for pesticides: challenges of a prevention-led approach

Article 7 of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) promotes a prevention-led approach to European Drinking Water Directive (DWD) compliance for those parameters that derive from anthropogenic influences on raw water quality. However, the efficacy of pollution prevention interventions is currently uncertain and likely to be variable, which makes absolute compliance with the drinking water standard a significant challenge. Member State governments, the WFD competent authority, the DWD competent authority, water suppliers and agriculture are all affected by and have a different perspective on the nature of this challenge. This paper presents a discussion of these perspectives applicable to stakeholders in all European Member States; the analysis is supported with examples from England and Wales. Improved understanding of the challenges faced by each group is needed if these groups are to achieve the shared goals of WFD Article 7 compliance and DWD compliance without a disproportionately negative impact on agricultural productivity. In addition, the European Commission needs to be aware of and address a potential incompatibility between WFD Article 7 and the DWD. With this in mind, targeted recommendations for action are presented for each stakeholder group

Observation of hypersonic phononic crystal effects in porous silicon superlattices

Brillouin light scattering experiments were carried out on porous silicon superlattices with modulation wavelengths in the range 37–167 nm. Phonon frequencies deduced from the Brillouin spectra show good agreement with those obtained from an elastic continuum model for a system with one-dimensional periodicity. Evidence for the existence of a hypersonic phononic bandgap and zone-folded longitudinal acoustic phonons is reported

Cotton spinning to climbing gear: practical aspects of design evolution in Lancashire and the North West of England

This article looks at the role of path dependency in the design of outdoor clothing and equipment, from the perspective of changing and overlapping industrial clusters in Lancashire and Sheffield, from the 1960s. It demonstrates that, unlike the fashion market, design in mountaineering clothing and equipment was originally based heavily upon functionality and hence on user innovation. It shows that skills and knowledge which evolved during the industrial revolution, in both industrial areas, were vitally important to the development of internationally competitive mountaineering equipment firms. It was, however, the way in which these sources of knowledge were combined with sporting expertise that contributed to the design of innovative functional products. In addition, fundamental changes occurred in the relationship between manufacturers and their customers and these were vital to the success of this process, marking a departure from past practice

Arkansas Small-Grain Cultivar Performance Tests 2004-2005

Small-grain cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for smallgrain producers

Application of pushbroom altimetry from space using large space antennas

The capabilities of multibeam altimetry are discussed and an interferometric multibeam technique for doing precision altimetry is described. The antenna feed horn arrangement and the resulting footprint lube pattern are illustrated. Plans for a shuttle multibeam altimetry mission are also discussed

A Critique of The Role of the Missionary Today

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/firstfruitspapers/1116/thumbnail.jp

Letter from E[dward] T. Parsons to James R. Garfield, 1908 Mar 14.

3/14/1908Hon. James Rudolph Garfield,Secretary of The Interior,Washington. D. C.Sir:-In a letter of February 2C, from your Department, over the signature of your Chief Clerk, Edward M. Dawson, acknowledging one of mine, he styles it: protesting against the granting of so much of the application of the City of San Francisco for reservoir SITES in the Yosemite National Park as relates to the Hetch Hetchy Valley I wish to state thai the general public of this city and elsewhere have never heard [Illegible]the application being for SITES or DIFFERENT SITES. Only here and there is it becoming known that application hae been made for the Hetch Hetchy Valley as a reservoir site.If the proponents of this scheme have included in their application other sites in the Yosemite National Park besides letch Hetchy Valley, it has been done in a way surreptitiously, and is by no means a matter of general knowledge.The reasons given against this scheme in my letters of protest now on file in your Department apply equally to any and all sites in this National Park, and in fact my protest was and is intended to cover and protect the entire park from this proposed encroachment, as is doubtless the case with all the protests so far filed. Hetch Hetchy Valley was named because it was not known that application had been made for anything further in addition in tha Park.Is it too much to ask for a copy of the application as made to you?I sincerely trust that no action may be taken by your Department on this application until the widest publicity may have given opportunity for the intelligence of the nation, whose property is involved, to become cognizant of the proposition, and pass upon the equities and ethics of the question at issue.Very respectfully,E. T.[Illegible]0624