2,711 research outputs found
Droplet shapes on structured substrates and conformal invariance
We consider the finite-size scaling of equilibrium droplet shapes for fluid
adsorption (at bulk two-phase co-existence) on heterogeneous substrates and
also in wedge geometries in which only a finite domain of the
substrate is completely wet. For three-dimensional systems with short-ranged
forces we use renormalization group ideas to establish that both the shape of
the droplet height and the height-height correlations can be understood from
the conformal invariance of an appropriate operator. This allows us to predict
the explicit scaling form of the droplet height for a number of different
domain shapes. For systems with long-ranged forces, conformal invariance is not
obeyed but the droplet shape is still shown to exhibit strong scaling
behaviour. We argue that droplet formation in heterogeneous wedge geometries
also shows a number of different scaling regimes depending on the range of the
forces. The conformal invariance of the wedge droplet shape for short-ranged
forces is shown explicitly.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures. (Submitted to J.Phys.:Cond.Mat.
Coupled Fluctuations near Critical Wetting
Recent work on the complete wetting transition has emphasized the role played
by the coupling of fluctuations of the order parameter at the wall and at the
depinning fluid interface. Extending this approach to the wetting transition
itself we predict a novel crossover effect associated with the decoupling of
fluctuations as the temperature is lowered towards the transition temperature
T_W. Using this we are able to reanalyse recent Monte-Carlo simulation studies
and extract a value \omega(T_W)=0.8 at T_W=0.9T_C in very good agreement with
long standing theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, LaTex, 1 postscript figur
Correlation function algebra for inhomogeneous fluids
We consider variational (density functional) models of fluids confined in
parallel-plate geometries (with walls situated in the planes z=0 and z=L
respectively) and focus on the structure of the pair correlation function
G(r_1,r_2). We show that for local variational models there exist two
non-trivial identities relating both the transverse Fourier transform G(z_\mu,
z_\nu;q) and the zeroth moment G_0(z_\mu,z_\nu) at different positions z_1, z_2
and z_3. These relations form an algebra which severely restricts the possible
form of the function G_0(z_\mu,z_\nu). For the common situations in which the
equilibrium one-body (magnetization/number density) profile m_0(z) exhibits an
odd or even reflection symmetry in the z=L/2 plane the algebra simplifies
considerably and is used to relate the correlation function to the finite-size
excess free-energy \gamma(L). We rederive non-trivial scaling expressions for
the finite-size contribution to the free-energy at bulk criticality and for
systems where large scale interfacial fluctuations are present. Extensions to
non-planar geometries are also considered.Comment: 15 pages, RevTex, 4 eps figures. To appear in J.Phys.Condens.Matte
Fluid adsorption near an apex: Covariance between complete and critical wetting
Critical wetting is an elusive phenomenon for solid-fluid interfaces. Using
interfacial models we show that the diverging length scales, which characterize
complete wetting at an apex, precisely mimic critical wetting with the apex
angle behaving as the contact angle. Transfer matrix, renormalization group
(RG) and mean field analysis (MF) shows this covariance is obeyed in 2D, 3D and
for long and short ranged forces. This connection should be experimentally
accesible and provides a means of checking theoretical predictions for critical
wetting.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Local functional models of critical correlations in thin-films
Recent work on local functional theories of critical inhomogeneous fluids and
Ising-like magnets has shown them to be a potentially exact, or near exact,
description of universal finite-size effects associated with the excess
free-energy and scaling of one-point functions in critical thin films. This
approach is extended to predict the two-point correlation function G in
critical thin-films with symmetric surface fields in arbitrary dimension d. In
d=2 we show there is exact agreement with the predictions of conformal
invariance for the complete spectrum of correlation lengths as well as the
detailed position dependence of the asymptotic decay of G. In d=3 and d>=4 we
present new numerical predictions for the universal finite-size correlation
length and scaling functions determining the structure of G across the
thin-film. Highly accurate analytical closed form expressions for these
universal properties are derived in arbitrary dimension.Comment: 4 pages, 1 postscript figure. Submitted to Phys Rev Let
Derivation of a Non-Local Interfacial Hamiltonian for Short-Ranged Wetting II: General Diagrammatic Structure
In our first paper, we showed how a non-local effective Hamiltionian for
short-ranged wetting may be derived from an underlying Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson
model. Here, we combine the Green's function method with standard perturbation
theory to determine the general diagrammatic form of the binding potential
functional beyond the double-parabola approximation for the
Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson bulk potential. The main influence of cubic and quartic
interactions is simply to alter the coefficients of the double parabola-like
zig-zag diagrams and also to introduce curvature and tube-interaction
corrections (also represented diagrammatically), which are of minor importance.
Non-locality generates effective long-ranged many-body interfacial interactions
due to the reflection of tube-like fluctuations from the wall. Alternative wall
boundary conditions (with a surface field and enhancement) and the diagrammatic
description of tricritical wetting are also discussed.Comment: (14 pages, 2 figures) Submitted J. Phys. Condens. Matte
Non-locality and short-range wetting phenomena
We propose a non-local interfacial model for 3D short-range wetting at planar
and non-planar walls. The model is characterized by a binding potential
\emph{functional} depending only on the bulk Ornstein-Zernike correlation
function, which arises from different classes of tube-like fluctuations that
connect the interface and the substrate. The theory provides a physical
explanation for the origin of the effective position-dependent stiffness and
binding potential in approximate local theories, and also obeys the necessary
classical wedge covariance relationship between wetting and wedge filling.
Renormalization group and computer simulation studies reveal the strong
non-perturbative influence of non-locality at critical wetting, throwing light
on long-standing theoretical problems regarding the order of the phase
transition.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
A symmetric polymer blend confined into a film with antisymmetric surfaces: interplay between wetting behavior and phase diagram
We study the phase behavior of a symmetric binary polymer blend which is
confined into a thin film. The film surfaces interact with the monomers via
short range potentials. We calculate the phase behavior within the
self-consistent field theory of Gaussian chains. Over a wide range of
parameters we find strong first order wetting transitions for the semi-infinite
system, and the interplay between the wetting/prewetting behavior and the phase
diagram in confined geometry is investigated. Antisymmetric boundaries, where
one surface attracts the A component with the same strength than the opposite
surface attracts the B component, are applied. The phase transition does not
occur close to the bulk critical temperature but in the vicinity of the wetting
transition. For very thin films or weak surface fields one finds a single
critical point at . For thicker films or stronger surface fields
the phase diagram exhibits two critical points and two concomitant coexistence
regions. Only below a triple point there is a single two phase coexistence
region. When we increase the film thickness the two coexistence regions become
the prewetting lines of the semi-infinite system, while the triple temperature
converges towards the wetting transition temperature from above. The behavior
close to the tricritical point, which separates phase diagrams with one and two
critical points, is studied in the framework of a Ginzburg-Landau ansatz.
Two-dimensional profiles of the interface between the laterally coexisting
phases are calculated, and the interfacial and line tensions analyzed. The
effect of fluctuations and corrections to the self-consistent field theory are
discussed.Comment: Phys.Rev.E in prin
Effect of Gravity and Confinement on Phase Equilibria: A Density Matrix Renormalization Approach
The phase diagram of the 2D Ising model confined between two infinite walls
and subject to opposing surface fields and to a bulk "gravitational" field is
calculated by means of density matrix renormalization methods. In absence of
gravity two phase coexistence is restricted to temperatures below the wetting
temperature. We find that gravity restores the two phase coexistence up to the
bulk critical temperature, in agreement with previous mean-field predictions.
We calculate the exponents governing the finite size scaling in the temperature
and in the gravitational field directions. The former is the exponent which
describes the shift of the critical temperature in capillary condensation. The
latter agrees, for large surface fields, with a scaling assumption of Van
Leeuwen and Sengers. Magnetization profiles in the two phase and in the single
phase region are calculated. The profiles in the single phase region, where an
interface is present, agree well with magnetization profiles calculated from a
simple solid-on-solid interface hamiltonian.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX and 4 PostScript figures included. Final version as
published. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Physical education as Olympic education
Introduction
In a recent paper (Parry, 1998, p. 64), I argued that
the justification of PE activities lies in their capacity to facilitate the development of certain human excellences of a valued kind. Of course, the problem now lies in specifying those ‘human excellences of a valued kind’, and (for anyone) this task leads us into the area of philosophical anthropology.
I suggested that the way forward for Physical Education lies in the philosophical anthropology (and the ethical ideals) of Olympism, which provide a specification of a variety of human values and excellences which:
•have been attractive to human groups over an impressive span of time and space
•have contributed massively to our historically developed conceptions of ourselves
•have helped to develop a range of artistic and cultural conceptions that have defined Western culture.
•have produced a range of physical activities that have been found universally satisfying and challenging.
Although physical activities are widely considered to be pleasurable, their likelihood of gaining wide acceptance lies rather in their intrinsic value, which transcends the simply hedonic or relative good. Their ability to furnish us with pleasurable experiences depends upon our prior recognition in them of opportunities for the development and expression of valued human excellences. They are widely considered to be such opportunities for the expression of valued human excellences because, even when as local instantiations, their object is to challenge our common human propensities and abilities.
I claimed that Olympic ideals may be seen not merely as inert ‘ideals’, but living ideas which have the power to remake our notions of sport in education, seeing sport not as mere physical activity but as the cultural and developmental activity of an aspiring, achieving, well-balanced, educated and ethical individual.
This paper seeks to make good that claim by trying to develop a case for Physical Education as Olympic Education. I begin by setting out various accounts and conceptions of the Olympic Idea; then I suggest a unifying and organising account of the philosophical anthropology of Olympism; and this is followed by the practical application of that account in two examples of current ethical issues. Finally, I seek to present an account of Physical Education as Olympic Education
- …