Comportamiento clínico a 3 meses de dos resinas bulk-fill en lesiones ocluso-proximales en comparación con una resina compuesta convencional

Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento clínico a 3 meses de dos resinas Bulk-Fill (RBK), según criterios FDI en lesiones ocluso-proximales. Materiales y métodos: 52 pacientes con 3 caries ocluso-proximales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente como Grupo TN: 52 restauraciones con Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, Grupo FBK: 52 restauraciones con Filtek Bulk-Fill y Grupo control Z350: 52 restauraciones con Filtek Z350XT. El proceso de restauración fue con aislamiento absoluto. Se realizó acondicionamiento con ácido ortofosfórico al 37% por 20 segundos en esmalte, se lavó, secó y aplicó adhesivo Single Bond Universal para Z350 y FBK, y Tetric N-Bond Universal para TN. En TN y FBK se aplicó un incremento hasta 4mm y en Z350 se aplicó múltiples incrementos hasta 2 mm. Un operador calibrado (Cohen Kappa>0.8) evaluó las restauraciones a los 3 meses mediante criterios FDI (Tinción marginal (TM), fractura y retención (FR), adaptación marginal (AD), sensibilidad postoperatoria (S), caries). Para la comparación de cada grupo se utilizó las pruebas Wilcoxon y Kruskal-Wallis (significancia 95%). Resultados: Al control asistieron 46 pacientes (n total=138). En el parámetro TM fue evaluado 3 un 2,2% en FBK; para AD fue 2,2% en Z350, TN y FBK. Para FR fue evaluado 2 un 4,3% en Z350, 2,2% en TN y 6,5% en FBK. Para S fue 2.2% en Z350 (baseline) y TN (3 meses). Para caries el 100% fue evaluado con 1. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0.05) entre los 3 grupos. Conclusión: No existe diferencia significativa en el comportamiento clínico a 3 meses de ambas RBK en comparación con Z350 en todos los parámetros evaluados según criterios FDI

Understanding the role of vegetarian diet, adiposity and grip strength in cancer risk

Cancer is a leading cause of death with rising incidence every year. Lifestyle factors play crucial roles in the risk of this disease. However, more evidence is needed to understand the association between diet, adiposity and physical activity with different cancer site, because most of the evidence still being inconclusive. Therefore, this thesis aims to determine the associations of type of diet, adiposity, grip strength with cancer risk. The thesis includes four research papers that were conducted in order to achieve its general aim. These studies were conducted utilising data from the UK Biobank. Across these manuscripts, the associations between the different exposures (diet, adiposity and grip strength) and cancer outcomes were studied. The cancer risks of four types of diet (meat eaters, poultry eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians) were investigated in the first paper. The study found that vegetarians had a lower risk of all cancer than meat eaters. The study also found that vegetarians had a lower risk of 7 out of the 19 cancer sites studied, including stomach, bladder, and blood cancers. Pescatarians also had a lower risk of colorectal cancer than meat-eaters. The meta-analysis, which included 15 studies with 1,180,523 participants, supported the findings of the UK Biobank study, with vegetarians having a lower risk of all cancer and fish-eaters having a lower risk of gastric cancer than to meat-eaters. The second study found that higher levels of all six adiposity-related markers were associated with a higher risk of developing and dying from cancer. BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were positively associated with the incidence and mortality from several cancer types, including liver, lung, and pancreas cancers. The third study identified that both general obesity (defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m²) and central obesity (defined as waist circumference >90 cm for men and >84 cm for women) were independently associated with a higher risk of developing and dying from cancer. The combined presence of general and central obesity was associated with a higher risk of developing and dying from several colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers. Finally, the fourth study found that both absolute and relative grip strength were inversely associated with the risk of cancer. The association between grip strength and cancer risk was consistent across different cancer types and subgroups of participants. In conclusion, these four papers provide important insights into the roles of lifestyle factors on cancer risk and highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy diet, maintaining muscle strength, and maintaining a healthy body weight for cancer prevention. All of the studies included in the thesis were observational. Therefore, they cannot establish that a particular diet, adiposity, or grip strength caused cancer. However, they are in line with the current research on cancer prevention

Mi primer libro

Como niños y niñas, amantes de la lectura, fuimos incentivados por nuestra docente de Lengua y Literatura, Mgt. Priscila Céspedes a elaborar nuestro primer trabajo escrito. El reto fue grande y, a decir verdad, nos pareció bastante ambicioso, pues pudimos evidenciar la gran diferencia que existe entre leer algo ya construido y tener que hacerlo desde nuestra creatividad. A pesar que la estrategia era escribir libremente sobre un tema que nos apasione, no faltaron esas ganas de abandonar el proyecto por falta de ideas; sin embargo, con la motivación adecuada de nuestros representantes y la maestra, conseguimos terminar el primero de muchos libros que, estamos seguros, escribiremos. La consigna fue, dar rienda suelta a nuestra imaginación y escribir de manera natural (escritura libre y creativa), pero cumpliendo ciertos parámetros establecidos como: ortografía y gramática debidamente manejadas, redacción clara y coherente, cronología de los hechos relatados y lo más importante, la originalidad de la historia, de tal manera que el producto final muestre al lector una narración nueva y fresca, que lo conecte con aquello que, nosotros como autores, quisimos transmitir. Hoy, ya con nuestro primer resultado terminado, y muy orgullosos de lo que pudimos hacer, identificamos nuestras falencias, y desde ese aprendizaje, nos encontramos trabajando en nuestra segunda producción. Varios compañeros y compañeras han optado por darle continuidad a sus relatos y convertirlos en una secuela; otros, en cambio, se encuentran escribiendo nuevas, maravillosas y mágicas historias, mismas que, estamos seguros, dejarán en alto el nivel literario que tiene nuestra querida institución

Does insulin-like growth factor moderate the association between height and risk of cancer at 24 sites?

Background: Whether the association of height with cancers differs by insulin-like growth factors has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations between height and 24 site-specific cancers and to assess whether the association differed by IGF-1. Methods: In total, 414,923 participants from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study were included. The association of height (per 5-cm increment) with incidence and mortality from 24 cancer sites was investigated by using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The median follow-up was 6.0 years. In men, height was positively associated with incidence risk of all-cause cancer and at five sites (lung, lymphatic, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma). In women, it was associated with breast, melanoma, lymphatic, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and all-cause cancer. The association was stronger in women than men for all-cause cancer incidence. The strength of the association did not differ by IGF-1 concentration. Conclusions: Adult height was associated with risk of several cancer sites. However, some of these associations were sex-specific. There was no strong evidence to support IGF-1 moderating the association between height and cancer

Eating Patterns in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The purpose of this research was to analyze the eating patterns of preschool- and school-aged children with ASD, as provided by their families, in the La Araucania Region of Chile. It involved a cross-sectional study with 72 families with children diagnosed with ASD aged between 2 and 12 years old. Food selectivity, appetite, body mass index (BMI) and frequency of food consumption were studied. The research determined that 97.67% present food selectivity, corresponding to alterations in the frequency of consumption of specific food groups. Moreover, 93.06%, 90.28%, 80.56% and 62.50% of children in the study do not meet the daily recommendations for fruit, fish, water and vegetable consumption, respectively. Therefore, it is important for these findings to be considered when designing and carrying out educational interventions regarding food in families with children with ASD for greater assertiveness and effectiveness in improving health

Serological survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in shelter-housed cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus, Brazil

Felines play a leading role in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, but there is scarce information about the epidemiology of Neospora caninum, particularly in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats. Cats seropositive to T. gondii do not usually show symptoms unless they are immunosuppressed, such as FIV-infected cats. The same relationship remains poorly known for N. caninum, although it has been associated with neurological disorders in HIV-infected people. Since FIV-infected cats are prone to develop encephalitis of unknown etiology, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of specific antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum in a shelter for stray cats naturally infected with FIV. A total of 104 serum samples from cats living in a shelter, located in São Paulo city (Brazil), was assessed for T. gondii and N. caninum specific antibody by indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT). Of the 104 cats, 25 (24%) were infected with FIV and, aside from these, 8 (32%) had antibodies against T. gondii (titers from 16 to 128). Only 1 (4%) of the FIV infected cats had antibodies against N. caninum, which was the first record of coinfection. Among the FIV-naïve cats, 11 (14%) were positive for T. gondii (titers from 16 to 256) and only 1 (1.2%) had antibodies against N. caninum. Serologically positive reactions to T. gondii and N. caninum were not correlated with age or sex (p>0.05), and there was no correlation between FIV and the occurrence of anti-T. gondii or anti-N. caninum antibodies (p>0.05). Further studies encompassing larger cat populations from different origins and locations are essential to clarify the prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies in FIV-positive cats.Os felinos têm um papel importante na epidemiologia da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii, mas pouco se sabe sobre a epidemiologia da infecção por Neospora caninum em gatos, particularmente em gatos infectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV). Gatos soropositivos para Toxoplasma gondii geralmente não apresentam sintomas a não ser que estejam imunossuprimidos, como gatos infectados com FIV. A mesma relação ainda é pouco conhecida para N. caninum, embora tenha sido associada a distúrbios neurológicos em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Considerando que gatos infectados com FIV são propensos a desenvolver encefalite de etiologia desconhecida, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de anticorpos específicos para T. gondii e N. caninum em gatos infectados com FIV. Um total de 104 amostras de soro de gatos residentes em um abrigo na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, foram avaliadas para a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii e N. caninum pelo teste de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). Dos 104 gatos, 25 (24%) estavam infectados com FIV e destes 8, (32%) tinham anticorpos contra T. gondii (titulação entre 16 e 128). Apenas 1 (4%) dos gatos infectados com FIV apresentava anticorpos contra N. caninum, sendo este o primeiro registro dessa coinfecção. Entre os gatos não infectados com FIV, 11 (14%) foram positivos para T. gondii (titulação entre 16 e 256) e apenas 1 (1,2%) tinha anticorpos contra N. caninum. A reação sorologicamente positiva para T. gondii e N. caninum não foi correlacionada com a idade ou sexo (p> 0,05), nem houve correlação entre FIV e ocorrência de anticorpos para T. gondii ou N. caninum (p> 0,05). Estudos subsequentes abrangendo populações maiores de gatos de diferentes origens e locais são essenciais para esclarecer a prevalência de anticorpos contra T. gondii e N. caninum em animais acometidos por FIV.

Association between visceral adiposity index and cancer risk in the UK Biobank cohort

Background: The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a marker of visceral fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction, but there is limited evidence of its association with cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between the VAI and both incident cancer at 23 sites and all-cause cancer. Methods: In total, 385,477 participants (53.3% women; mean age, 56.3 years) from the UK Biobank prospective cohort were included in this study. The median follow-up was 8.2 years (interquartile range, 7.3–8.9 years). The VAI was calculated using formula the published by Amato et al. and was categorized into sex-specific tertiles. Twenty-four incident cancers were the outcomes. Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and multimorbidity counts. Results: Over the follow-up period, 47,882 individuals developed cancer. In the fully adjusted models, the VAI was associated with a higher risk of six cancer sites. Individuals in the highest tertile, compared with those in the lowest tertile, had higher risks of uterine (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–2.49), gallbladder (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.26–2.66), kidney (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18–1.64), liver (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00–1.56), colorectal (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24), and breast (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19) cancers and of all-cause cancer (HR, 1.05). There was no evidence of a nonlinear association between the VAI and cancer risk. Conclusions: The VAI was associated with six cancer sites and with all-cause cancer. The prognostic and etiologic roles of visceral fat accumulation and dysfunction in cancer warrant further research

Mycobacterium gordonae infection in a free-ranging green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Brazil

Mycobacteriosis is a well-known disease that has been reported in a variety of reptiles species. However, the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in sea turtles has been rarely documented, and most reports are from captive-reared animals. A juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) was found stranded in March 2020, in Guanabara Bay, one of the most urbanized and polluted coastal areas in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. The turtle was in fair body condition and exhibited multiple cutaneous fibropapillomas, covering almost 60% of its body. Despite continued medical therapy, the animal died 60 days after initial supportive care. Necropsy revealed granulomatous pneumonia, hydropericardium, small granulomas in the myocardium, liver, spleen, thyroid and brain and caseous exudate in the meninges of the brain. The histopathological analysis showed disseminated granulomatous inflammation in various organs examined during necropsy. Intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacteria were observed in the liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, brain and adrenals. The blood culture collected shortly after the animal was admitted tested positive for Mycobacterium gordonae, after an 8-week incubation period; however, the animal had already died by the time the results were obtained. Postmortem examination confirmed systemic mycobacteriosis, identified as M. gordonae in blood, liver and lung cultures and by PCR amplification of DNA extracts from frozen tissue samples. This is the first report of a disseminated infection caused by M. gordonae in a free-ranging sea turtle. Although the source of this Mycobacterium remains unknown, it could potentially be related to anthropogenic activities (e.g., waste dumping or leakage from landfill sites). Increasing surveillance of Mycobacterium in wild sea turtles is of paramount importance to better understand the role of mycobacterial species as causative agents of infections in marine species

A healthy eating score is inversely associated with depression in older adults: results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship of a healthy eating score with depression in Chilean older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Older adults from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017. Associations were analysed using complex samples multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, socio-demographic, lifestyles (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep duration), BMI and clinical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular diseases). Participants: The number of participants was 2031 (≥ 60 years). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form was applied to establish the diagnosis of major depressive episode. Six healthy eating habits were considered to produce the healthy eating score (range: 0-12): consumption of seafood, whole grain, dairy, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Participants were categorised according to their final scores as healthy (≥ 9), average (5-8) and unhealthy (≤ 4). Results: Participants with a healthy score had a higher educational level, physical activity and regular sleep hours than participants with an average and unhealthiest healthy eating score. Participants classified in the healthiest healthy eating score had an inverse association with depression (OR: 0·28, (95 % CI 0·10, 0·74)). Food items that contributed the most to this association were legumes (15·2 %) and seafood (12·7 %). Conclusion: Older adults classified in the healthiest healthy eating score, characterised by a high consumption of legumes and seafood, showed a lower risk for depression in a representative sample of Chilean population