Survey on Acipenser persicus populations by use of the electrophoretic technique and morphological characteristics

For identifying the populations of the Acipenser persicus (Persian sturgeon) a survey were done by use of the electrophoretic technique and also morphological characteristics. The matrix was Acetate cellolus. 5ml blood from each gill arch were obtained and separated serum from blood. Separation of proteins were done, using a voltage of 180 volt during 15 minutes. After separating the solution proteins, the bands were stained by ponceau-s, Decolouring of plates was done by Acetic acid 5% during three steps. Scanning of the plates was done by densitometer with the wave length of 525 nm. Several genetic variations observed in the electrophorograms of samples. It seems that population of some localities can be characterized as a genetically distinguishable unit. Morphological differences observed between the fish which located in Sephid Rud region and Gorgan region, like the eye diameter and head height. The mean of eye diameter in Sephid Rud population was 20.16 mm and in Gorgan population 22.47 mm and the mean of head height was 8.15 cm and 7.25 cm respectively

The effects of mobile phone waves (940MHz) on embryonic development of hematopoiesis system in Balb/C mouse.

زمینه و هدف: استفاده روز افزون از دستگاه های مولد مایکروویو نظیر تلفن های همراه در زندگی روزمره سبب نگرانی های بسیاری در مورد اثرات امواج آنها بر سلامت انسان شده است. در تحقیق حاضر اثرات امواج شبیه سازی شده تلفن های همراه با فرکانس 940 مگا هرتز بر سیستم خون ساز جنین موش بررسی شده است. روش‌ بررسی: در یک مطالعه تجربی موش ماده حامله نژاد Balb/C به گروه های کنترل، شاهد آزمایشگاهی و تجربی 1 و 2 (حداقل 5 سر موش در هر گروه) تقسیم شدند. گروه تجربی از روز هشتم رشد و نمو جنین به مدت 4 یا 10 روز (هر روز به مدت 4 ساعت) با امواج شبیه سازی شده تلفن های همراه (940 مگا هرتز) مواجه شدند. در پایان دوره تیماری نمونه‌های مربوطه تشریح و ابتدا وزن و طول فرق سری ـ نشیمنگاهی جنین ها اندازه گیری و سپس برای انجام مطالعات بافت شناسی با میکروسکوپ نوری آماده سازی و به روش هماتوکسیلین ائوزین هاریس رنگ آمیزی شد. داده های کمی حاصل به کمک آزمون آماری t و من ویتنی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: بررسی ریخت شناسی جنین ‌های 18 روزه هیچگونه ناهنجاری نشان نداد. همچنین بین گروه ها تغییر معنی دار در طول فرق سری نشیمنگاهی مشاهده نشد، لیکن وزن جنین های تجربی (gr 017/0±263/1) نسبت به شاهد (gr 006/0±268/1) افزایش معنی دار نشان داد (05/0

Effects of NaCl stress on blood glucose and cortisol in common crap (Cyprinus carpio)

In this study, the fluctuation of two parameters of blood glucose and cortisol hormone were investigated in different salinities in Cyprinus carpio. Seven tanks with 100 lit. volume were used and different salinities of 0, 3, 6, 12, 15 and 18 ppm were choosen as treatments. Then, 16 specimen of common carps (each 50-90 g weight) were added to the tanks. In periBds of 12 up to 96 hours, the blood sample was taken from each fish for further measurment of parameters. The results showed that all fishes died at 18 ppm salinity within less than 12 hours. The blood glucose indicated high sensitivity to the higher salinity. In this research, blood glucose had a reange of 13.5 to 321.0 mg/dc.lit and also, cortisol showed a fluctuation from 10 up to 70 µg/dc. lit and its concentration had a direct relationship with increasing the salinity

Chitosan extracted from the Persian Gulf chiton shells: Induction of apoptosis in liver cancer cell line

Here for the first time, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of the chitosan extracted from the Persian Gulf Chiton shell (Acanthopleura vaillantii) on liver cancer cell line (HepG_2). Chitosan extraction was implemented following this method: chitin was produced by demineralization and deproteinization procedure, and the extracted chitin was converted into soluble chitosan using deacetylation method. The cytotoxic effects of extracted chitosan were evaluated using four different tests, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Annexin V-FITC, propidium iodide (PI) staining, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and Caspase activity analysis. The IC_50 inhibitory concentrations of chitosan were obtained at 250 µg/mL after 24 h. Chitosan clearly inhibited the growth of hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. For detecting the induced cell apoptosis, HepG_2 cells were treated with 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml of chitosan for 24 h. According to the result of Annex in V/PI kit, in 125, 250, and 500 µg/ml of chitosan, 28.2, 49.1, and 83.3% of HepG_2 cells undergone late apoptosis, respectively. The morphology of treated cells by DAPI staining showed non uniform plasma membrane and DNA fragmentation compared to untreated cells with perfect nucleus. The analysis of cell cycle using flow cytometry demonstrated that the rate of sub-G1 peak was increased to 52.7%. Both caspase-3 and -9 activities increased by the extracted chitosan, but it was only significant for caspase-3. The results of the present study suggested that the extracted chitosan has efficient cytotoxicity on HepG_2 cells. Therefore, the extracted chitosan from the shell of the Chiton may be considered as a futuristic natural product regarding the treatment of liver cancer

Determination of the spawning time and changes in the reproduction cycle of ribbon fish, Trichiurus lepturus, according to the hepatosomatic index and gonadosomatic index

The ribbon fishes, belonging to the family Trichiuridae, are one of the most important protein resources in the Indian Ocean. A considerable density of the dominant species of this family, Trichiurus lepturus has been observed in the Oman Sea. During the conducted cruises in the northern part of the Oman Sea, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were estimated according to the size of the female groups of Trichiurus lepturus. GSI increases significantly from September to next April (P <0.05). polymodal egg size frequency revealed prolong spawning time by the females. The HSI fluctuations are good indications for this type of reproductive behavior

Histopathological evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae following embryonic exposure to MgO nanoparticles

The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological changes in zebrafish larvae following embryonic exposure to nanoparticles of magnesium oxide (MgONPs). The toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles is attracting increasing attention. Among these nanomaterials, MgONPs are particularly interesting as a low cost and environmentally-friendly material. Histological investigations are used as a highly sensitive method for detecting the morphological features of disease and abnormal gene function. We evaluated the histopathological changes in zebrafish larval tissues following embryonic exposure to MgONPs for a period of 4-96 h post fertilization (hpf). To this end; fixation, tissue processing, sectioning and general staining of the whole-larvae were performed. Histopathological evaluations showed some changes including psoriasis-like epithelial hyperproliferation, muscle cell degeneration, neurodegeneration in the spinal cord, swelling and edematous changes in pericardium, swelling and edematous changes in yolk sac, severe edema within the eyes, smaller retina, disruption of retinal lamination and impaired retinal differentiation. In summary, the results of this study enhance our understanding about the potential hazards of MgONPs to the environment

The effect of sulfoxo-bilactam-21-crown -7 on spermatogenesis in immature Balb/c mice

زمینه و هدف: کراون اترها ملکول های میزبان برای یون های فلزی و غیر فلزی هستند. توانایی کراون اترها در کنترل سیکل و تغییر فعالیت برخی از آنزیم ها گزارش شده است. در این مطالعه اثر یک کراون اتر جدید (سولفوکسو- بی لاکتام- 21- کراون-7) بر روی بافت بیضه و اسپرماتوژنز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه 24 سر موش نابالغ کوچک آزمایشگاهی (Balb/C) به سه گروه گروه کنترل (هیچ ماده ای دریافت نکردند)، شم )فقط توئین 80 دریافت کردند) و تجربی )سولفوکسو- بی لاکتام- 21- کراون-7 دریافت کردند) تقسیم شدند. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) دارو، به میزان 40 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم تعیین شد. بر این اساس، دوز 20 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم از این کراون اتر به روش درون صفاقی هر روز به مدت یک هفته به گروه تجربی تزریق شد. دو هفته پس از آخرین تزریق، حیوانات بیهوش شده و کشته شدند. خون جهت اندازه گیری هورمون از قلب گرفته شد. بافت بیضه، استخراج شد و جهت مطالعات بافت شناسی فیکس گردید. داده ها توسط آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه (ANOVA) و به دنبال آن تست توکی آنالیز شدند. یافته ها: تزریق درون صفاقی سولفوکسو- بی لاکتام- 21- کراون-7 (20 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) تغییر معنی داری در تعداد اسپرماتوگنی نوع A و B، اسپرماتوسیت اولیه و سلول های لیدیک در گروه تجربی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل و شم نشان نداد. افزایش هورمون جنسی مردانه، تستوسترون (001/0

A Comparison of chromatin structure and PLCζ in sperms of subfertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic and fertile men

زمینه و هدف: مهم ترین علل عدم فعال شدن تخمک پس از تکنیک های کمک باروری، عدم رهایش فاکتورهای اسپرمی فعال کننده تخمک و آسیب به DNA اسپرم است. PLC&zeta; یکی از فاکتورهای اسپرمی است که در فعال شدن تخمک نقش دارد. هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه PLC&zeta;، کمبود پروتامین (مارکر بلوغ کروماتین اسپرم) و آسیب DNA اسپرم در 2 گروه افراد بارور و نابارور الیگوآستنوتراتوزواسپرمی است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه شاهد کنترل، نمونه مایع منی از 10 فرد نابارور الیگوآستنوتراتوزواسپرمی و 10 فرد بارور جمع آوری گردید. پارامترهای اسپرمی (غلظت، تحرک و مورفولوژی)، بیان پروتئین PLC&zeta;، آسیب DNA و کمبود پروتامین به ترتیب بر اساس پروتکل سازمان بهداشت جهانی، فلوسایتومتری، رنگ آمیزی TUNEL و کرومایسین A3 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: درصد اسپرم های PLC&zeta; مثبت، سلامت DNA و محتوی پروتامین در افراد نابارور الیگوآستنوتراتوزواسپرمی نسبت به افراد بارور، به طور معنی داری کمتر بود؛ همچنین ارتباط معنی داری بین درصد اسپرم های PLC&zeta; مثبت با پارامترهای اسپرمی و درصد کمبود پروتامین مشاهده گردید. ارتباط معنی داری نیز بین درصد آسیب DNA اسپرم و کمبود پروتامین مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری: در این افراد نابارور، سلامت کروماتین اسپرم و درصد اسپرم ها با PLC&zeta; مثبت به شدت کاهش یافته است که می تواند یکی از دلایل عدم لقاح در این افراد باشد؛ لذا روش فعال سازی مصنوعی تخمک برای این نوع ناباروران پیشنهاد می شود

The synergic effects of rapamycin and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on angiogenesis

Background and aim: Angiogenesis the formation of new blood vessels is a dynamic and complex activity which is needed for embryogenesis and other physiological processes. However in many pathological conditions such as solid tumor progression the disease appears to be associated with persistent up-regulated angiogenesis. In this research we used 0.04 T (tesla) electromagnetic field as a synergic treatment with rapamycin on angiogenesis. Methods: In this experimental study 70 Ross fertilized eggs were randomly divided into 5 groups as following: 1) control 2) sham-exposed 3) a group treated with rapamycin 4) a group treated with electromagnetic field and 5) a group treated with both rapamycin and electromagnetic field. In day 2 a window was opened on eggs in sterile condition. In day 8 a gelatin sponge was placed on chorioalantoic membrane (CAM) and was soaked with 5 μl rapamycin in group 3 and group5. Groups 4 and group 5 were placed in 400 Gauss magnetic field for 4 hours in day 10. In day 12 CAMs were examined and photographed by research photo-stereomicroscope in all cases. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Comparison between average number and length of vessels in controls and sham-exposed didn’t show any significant differences. In group 3 and 4 a significant decrease was shown in the average number and length compared with controls. Finally comparison between group 3 and group 5 showed a significant decrease in the average number and length of vessels in group 5 which had been treated with both rapamycin and 400 (Gauss) G electromagnetic field. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 0.04 T magnetic field has an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in CAM and can enhance the effect of rapamycin as an anti-angiogenesis drug