2,674 research outputs found
Lifetime cost effectiveness of simvastatin in a range of risk groups and age groups derived from a randomised trial of 20,536 people
<i>Objectives</i>: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of 40 mg simvastatin daily continued for life in people of different ages with differing risks of vascular disease.
Design A model developed from a randomised trial was used to estimate lifetime risks of vascular events and costs of treatment and hospital admissions in the United Kingdom.
<i>Setting</i>: 69 hospitals in the UK.
<i>Participants</i>: 20 536 men and women (aged 40-80) with coronary disease, other occlusive arterial disease, or diabetes.
<i>Interventions</i>: 40 mg simvastatin daily versus placebo for an average of 5 years.
<i>Main</i> <i>outcome</i> <i>measures</i>: Cost effectiveness of 40 mg simvastatin daily expressed as additional cost per life year gained. Major vascular event defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary disease, any stroke, or revascularisation procedure. Results were extrapolated to younger and older age groups at lower risk of vascular disease than were studied directly, as well as to lifetime treatment.
<i>Results</i>: At the April 2005 UK price of £4.87 (€7; $9) per 28 day pack of generic 40 mg simvastatin, lifetime treatment was cost saving in most age groups and vascular disease risk groups studied directly. Gains in life expectancy and cost savings decreased with increasing age and with decreasing risk of vascular disease. People aged 40-49 with 5 year risks of major vascular events of 42% and 12% at start of treatment gained 2.49 and 1.67 life years, respectively. Treatment with statins remained cost saving or cost less than £2500 per life year gained in people as young as 35 years or as old as 85 with 5 year risks of a major vascular event as low as 5% at the start of treatment.
<i>Conclusions</i>: Treatment with statins is cost effective in a wider population than is routinely treated at present
Finite-temperature behavior of the Bose polaron
We consider a mobile impurity immersed in a Bose gas at finite temperature.
Using perturbation theory valid for weak coupling between the impurity and the
bosons, we derive analytical results for the energy and damping of the impurity
for low and high temperatures, as well as for temperatures close to the
critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation. These results show
that the properties of the impurity vary strongly with temperature. In
particular, the energy exhibits a non-monotonic behavior close to , and
the damping rises sharply close to . We argue that this behaviour is
generic for impurities immersed in an environment undergoing a phase transition
that breaks a continuous symmetry. Finally, we discuss how these effects can be
detected experimentally.Comment: 10 pages and 6 figure
A Dual Read-Out Assay to Evaluate the Potency of Compounds Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PMCID: PMC3617142This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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Teaching schools evaluation. Research Brief
This Research Brief reports the findings from a two-year study (2013-15) in to the work of teaching schools and their alliances commissioned by the National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL). The broad aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness and impact of teaching schools on improvement, and identify the quality and scope of external support that are required to enhance these . This was achieved through combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis derived from three research activities: case studies of 26 teaching schools alliances (TSAs), a national survey of the first three cohorts of 345 TSAs, and secondary research and analysis of national performance and inspection results
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Draft Genome Sequences of Four Saccharibacter sp. Strains Isolated from Native Bees.
The genus Saccharibacter is currently understudied, with only one described species, Saccharibacter floricola, isolated from a flower. In an effort to better understand the microbes that come in contact with native bee pollinators, we isolated and sequenced four additional strains of Saccharibacter from native bees in the genera Melissodes and Anthophora These genomes range in size from 2,104,494 to 2,316,791 bp (mean, 2,246,664 bp) and contain between 1,860 and 2,167 (mean, 2,060) protein-coding genes
Observation of an orbital interaction-induced Feshbach resonance in 173-Yb
We report on the experimental observation of a novel inter-orbital Feshbach
resonance in ultracold 173-Yb atoms, which opens the possibility of tuning the
interactions between the 1S0 and 3P0 metastable state, both possessing
vanishing total electronic angular momentum. The resonance is observed at
experimentally accessible magnetic field strengths and occurs universally for
all hyperfine state combinations. We characterize the resonance in the bulk via
inter-orbital cross-thermalization as well as in a three-dimensional lattice
using high-resolution clock-line spectroscopy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis of a sample drawn from a North Wales population
This is tha author's PDF version of an article published in Annals of human biology© 2001. The definitive version is available at http://www.tandf.co.uk/journalsSexual dimorphism and population differences were investigated using metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (MCPP) analysis. Although it is an anthropmetric technique, MCPP analysis is more frequently used in genetic syndrome analysis and has been under-used in the study of human groups. The present analysis used a series of hand radiographics from Gwynedd, North Wales, to make comparisons, first, between the sexes within the sample and then with previously reported data from Japan. The Welsh sexes showed MCPP analyses that indicated size and shape differences but certain similarities in shape were also evident. Differences with the Japanese data were more marked. MCPP anlysis is a potentially useful anthropmetric technique but requires further statistical development
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