Lições de arquitetura através da transformação do espaço residencial: flexibilidade, adaptabilidade e tecnologia no desenho da habitação

A habitação envolve como espaço cultural e social as diferentes atividades do cotidiano. Além de atender as necessidades básicas como abrigo, a habitação é também local de trabalho e lazer. Os núcleos familiares e os aspectos culturais da sociedade têm sofrido transformação constantes e velozes, ao mesmo tempo que a ocupação das cidades é cada vez mais densa e os centros urbanos sofrem escassez de terrenos. Garantir a adaptabilidade e a flexibilidade das habitações é essencial para acompanhar as transformações dos usuários. O constante contato com as mídias digitais e as recentes inovações tecnológicas oportunizam a capacidade de interpretação e de adequação da sociedade e do arquiteto na criação da arquitetura contemporânea adaptável. A presente investigação busca entender a forma como as estratégias utilizadas na flexibilização e as condicionantes para a adaptação do espaço residencial afetam de modos diferentes o desenho da habitação. O objetivo é avaliar a adaptabilidade e a flexibilidade do espaço residencial e os efeitos das tecnologias na transformação dos modos de habitar. Igualmente, compreender como as inovações tecnológicas modificam e contribuem para melhorar a flexibilidade e adaptabilidade na habitação. Por meio de Índices de avaliação calculados pelo método multicritério Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) e com os dados coletados por meio do software Revit e do algoritmo desenvolvido no plugin Dynamo são analisados os critérios de projetos residenciais. O algoritmo insere-se como ferramenta inovadora e complementar ao processo criativo e os métodos gráficos presentes na profissão do Arquiteto, buscando dados quantitativos além do universo geométrico. A aplicação da avaliação em estudos de caso permitiu identificar as deficiências dos projetos para que fossem buscadas dentro das tecnologias atuais, soluções que permitissem a flexibilização e adaptação dentro das construções existentes. A relevância de um planejamento prévio sobre a composição, escolha dos materiais e processos industriais é primordial para a projetação das habitações. A tendência do digital aparece como ferramenta que cria, temporariamente, novos espaços e traz novas sensações. No aspecto físico, as tecnologias se concentram em materiais leves e de simples montagem, as quais dependem de dimensões adequadas dos espaços da habitação, assim como sua pertinente distribuição no processo projetual. Os fundamentos teóricos sobre como desenhar o espaço residencial seguem a mesma linha de pensamento, mas o modo como são aplicadas é distinto pela interpretação atual dos cenários sociais, econômicos e tecnológicos.Living space involves as cultural and social space the different activities of daily life. Besides meeting basic needs as shelter, housing is also a place of work and leisure. The family group and the cultural aspects of society have undergone constant and rapid transformation, while the occupation of cities is increasingly dense and urban centers suffer scarcity of land. Ensuring the adaptability and flexibility of housing is essential to keep pace with users' changes. The contact with digital media and the recent technological innovations provide the capacity for interpretation and adaptation of society and the architect in the creation of contemporary adaptable architecture. This research seeks to understand how the strategies used in the flexibilization and the conditioning factors for the adaptation of the residential space affect in different ways the housing design. The objective is to assess the adaptability and flexibility of residential space and the effects of technologies on the transformation of ways of living. Likewise, to understand how technological innovations modify and contribute to improve flexibility and adaptability in housing. By means of Evaluation Rates calculated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria method and with the data collected by means of the Revit software and developed algorithm on Dynamo plugin, the criteria of residential projects are analyzed. The algorithm as an innovative and complementary tool to the creative process and graphic methods present in the architect's profession, seeks quantitative data beyond the geometric universe. The application of the evaluation in case studies allowed to identify the deficiencies of the projects to be sought within the current technologies, solutions that would allow flexibility and adaptation within existing constructions. The relevance of a previous planning about the composition, choice of materials and industrial processes is primordial for the housing design. The digital trend appears as a tool that temporarily creates new spaces and brings new sensations. In the physical aspect, the technologies focus on lighter materials and easy assembly, which depend on adequate dimensions of housing spaces, as well as their distribution in the design process. The theoretical foundations on designing the residential space are the same, but the way they are applied is distinguished by the current interpretation of social, economic and technological scenarios

O Contexto Científico da Gestão do Portfolio de Produtos para Empresas de Manufatura

Correct product portfolio management is one of the feasible ways of ensuring competitive sustainability before continued market evolution whereby decisions to maintain or exclude an item from the sales offering drives consequences that impact both internal and external contexts. In alignment with this standpoint, the purpose of this study is to identify and pinpoint the conceptual framework on product portfolio management, particularly in as much as existing applications centred on manufacturing sector firms is concerned, so as to allow for the envisioning of possible opportunities of fostering future investigations on the subject matter. To this effect, theoretical-conceptual research was conducted, starting with the primary definition of how this field of study is explored right through to the bibliometric review of existing publications. The end result was the identification a gap in research that focuses on portfolio management at manufacturing companies, particularly in Brazil where only two studies centred on this theme were found, although the country hosts more than 30 types of organizations of this kind.A correta administração do portfólio de produtos é um dos modos viáveis de sustentar-se competitivamente ante as constantes evoluções do mercado, de modo que a decisão por conservar ou excluir um item da carteira de vendas resulta em consequências que serão sentidas tanto interna quanto externamente à organização. Coerentemente ao exposto, na presente pesquisa, o objetivo é identificar e mostrar o contexto bibliométrico sobre da gestão do portfólio de produtos, em específico para aplicações focadas em empresas do setor manufatureiro, de modo a possibilitar a visualização de possíveis oportunidades em prol do fomento de futuras investigações sobre a temática. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa teórico-conceitual, desde a definição primária da maneira com que o campo de estudo é explorado até a revisão bibliométrica do rol de publicações existentes. Por fim, foi possível visualizar que ainda há espaço para pesquisas voltadas à gestão de portfólio em empresas de manufatura, principalmente tratando-se do contexto brasileiro, onde se observou a existência de apenas dois estudos com esse foco, apesar de aqui existirem de mais de 30 tipos dessas organizações

Housing flexibility problem: Review of recent limitations and solutions

The economic, technological, and cultural transformations of our present society influence various scales of our daily lives. In housing, these transformations include changes in the family nucleus and the activities performed in living spaces. Housing flexibility seeks to meet the multiple needs of users by changing their living spaces and functions. This study aims to explore housing flexibility through a review of relevant literature, discussion of valuable findings, and presentation of a contemporary panorama of the theme. Notions of flexibility are integrated to reinterpret the contemporary sense of dwelling. However, the lack of a well-defined concept of flexibility hinders the integration of methods and theories on the subject

The Scientific Context of Product Portfolio Management at Manufacturing Firms

Correct product portfolio management is one of the feasible ways of ensuring competitive sustainability before continued market evolution whereby decisions to maintain or exclude an item from the sales offering drives consequences that impact both internal and external contexts. In alignment with this standpoint, the purpose of this study is to identify and pinpoint the conceptual framework on product portfolio management, particularly in as much as existing applications centred on manufacturing sector firms is concerned, so as to allow for the envisioning of possible opportunities of fostering future investigations on the subject matter. To this effect, theoretical-conceptual research was conducted, starting with the primary definition of how this field of study is explored right through to the bibliometric review of existing publications. The end result was the identification a gap in research that focuses on portfolio management at manufacturing companies, particularly in Brazil where only two studies centred on this theme were found, although the country hosts more than 30 types of organizations of this kind

Retrofit de contêineres na construção civil

The solid waste reuse affects all society sectors that have committed to generate the smallest possible impact in the environment. Professionals in the construction industry, from which comes an important part of solid waste, rethink their project decisions about the use of conventional materials, evaluating on a case-by-case costs and benefits of their choices. The recycling or reuse of solid waste in building became a reality and their prudent use a necessity, a fact that enhances the role of academic research involving the subject (Carneiro; CASSA ; BRUM , 2001). Among the materials investigated thoroughly is the container, discard material that can become a problem for the public space and nature, but that is slowly gaining market share due to advantages associated with cost , speed of assembly , durability and reuse residue, or retrofit , which substantially decreases (dis) advantages that this type of architecture might suggest, many of them conditioned to merely esthetic analysis (ZOMER , 2009).O reaproveitamento de resíduos sólidos influencia todos os setores da sociedade que têm se comprometido em gerar o menor impacto possível no meio ambiente. Profissionais do setor da construção civil, de onde advém parte importante dos resíduos sólidos, repensam suas decisões projetuais acerca do uso de materiais convencionais, avaliando caso a caso o custo e o benefício de suas escolhas. A reciclagem ou a reutilização de resíduos sólidos na construção transformou-se em uma realidade e seu uso consciente numa necessidade, fato que amplia o rol das pesquisas acadêmicas que envolvem o assunto (CARNEIRO; CASSA; BRUM, 2001). Entre os materiais investigados exaustivamente está o contêiner, material de descarte que pode se tornar um problema para o espaço público e para a natureza, mas que vem conquistando o mercado aos poucos em razão de vantagens associadas ao custo, rapidez de montagem, durabilidade e reuso do resíduo, ou retrofit, o que diminui substancialmente as (des)vantagens que este tipo de arquitetura pode sugerir, muitas delas condicionadas a análises meramente estéticas (ZOMER,2009)

The scientific research context of urban transports for Bus Rapid Transit systems applications

Article Info Abstract Keywords: Urban transports Bus Rapid Transit Production Engineering Transports Engineering Across history, transportation of people and cargo has been highly relevant for economic and social development, directly reflecting the evolution of how society is organized, culminating in the current forms of urban demographic organizations. Therefore, studies regarding urban mobility optimization are nowadays very relevant to scientific community. Hence, the main objective of this study is to identify the scientific context of urban public transport management for applications focused on Bus Rapid Transit systems (from 2009 to 2014), allowing visualization of possible opportunities to increase the level and number of contributions to these systems, through the development of a bibliometric analysis. It was possible to conclude that six articles are directly linked with this research field, establishing the theoretical framework to conduct further studies

O uso da mensuração de desempenho para a comparação dos sistemas de transportes urbanos públicos

Inserted to the social and demographic context of cities, public transport systems are considered as a major factor in the dynamics of urban mobility. Currently, there are various modals capable of performing such task, which makes the comparison process between them relevant, seen the costbenefit of the investment needed for its implementation. Therefore, this research aims to propose a modeling capable of performing the evaluation of the public transport systems through the concepts related to multicriteria methods of decision aid and performance measurement. For its practical application, it was used an urban design inspired on Curitiba city, pointing the BRT as the most feasible one. Finally, it was found that the modeling showed to be consistent regarding to the verification of the possible operational conditions in an urban center, being able to promote the prediction of the manner in which they are predisposed to context.Inserido ao contexto social e demográfico das cidades, os sistemas de transportes públicos são considerados como um dos principais elementos para a dinâmica da mobilidade urbana. Atualmente, existem diversos modais capazes de realizar tal tarefa, o que torna o processo de comparação entre eles relevante, visto a relação custo-benefício do investimento necessário para a sua implantação. Portanto, a presente pesquisa objetiva propor uma modelagem capaz de realizar a avaliação entre sistemas de transportes públicos, através dos conceitos relativos aos métodos multicritérios de apoio à decisão e a mensuração de desempenho. Para a aplicação prática, utilizou-se o design urbano inspirado na cidade de Curitiba, constatando-se o BRT como o mais viável. Por fim, concluiu-se que a modelagem se mostrou coerente no que tange a verificação das possíveis condições de operação em um centro urbano, sendo capaz de possibilitar a previsão da maneira com que estes estão predispostos ao contexto em questão

Model to evaluate the technical efficiency of university units

In higher education institutions, the technical efficiency has been measured by several indicators that, when used separately, does not lead to an effective conclusion about the administrative reality of these. Therefore, this paper proposes a model to evaluate the technical efficiency of university units of a higher education institution (HEI) from the perspectives of Teaching, Research and Extension. The conception of the model was performed according to the pressumptions of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), CCR model – product oriented, from the identification of relevant variables for the addressed context. The model was applied to evaluate the efficiency of nine academic units of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), obtaining as a result the efficiency of each unit as well as recommendations for the units considered inefficient. At the end of this study, it was verified that it is possible to measure the efficiency of various units and consequently establish goals for improvement based on the methodology used