A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAREER ASPIRATION LEVEL BETWEEN TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL STUDENTS IN PATULIA GRAM PANCHAYET OF NORTH 24 PARGANA DISTRICT IN WEST BENGAL

India possesses the second highest tribal concentration. The Government of India has launched different measures to upgrade their socio-economic scenario, literacy rate along with that employment status. The reservation policy which is supposed to play the role of a boon to uplift their social status and stimulate upwards mobility fails to do so as backlogs in different government services have proved that. If a part of a country stays backwards in progress and prosperity, it affects the whole scenario of a country. To take adequate measures, it is essential to evaluate their career aspirations level in respect of non-tribal students to conclude up a point where they need enthusiasm and motivation to make a lengthy education portfolio and to end up with a positive contribution to society. The present paper has been conducted on 86 students of Patulia Gram Panchayet area, North 24 PGS, among which 40 students belong to the tribal community and 46 are from the non-tribal community. A questionnaire encompassing 25 questions is formed to analyse their career aspirations. The study has found out the fact that there is a significant mean difference between tribal and non-tribal students in career aspirations

Magnetic Attitude Control System for Spinning Small Spacecraft

A magnetic Attitude Control Subsystem (ACS) designed for minimum power weight, and cost is presented. The ACS subsystem was designed and built by ITHACO for the Small Communications Satellite Cluster (SCSC), integrated by Defense Systems Incorporated for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The basic spacecraft configuration is a flat cylinder, having a mass of 22.7 Kg with a diameter of 47.2 cm and 17.0 cm height. Hardware for the ACS design includes a two-axis magnetometer, two TORQRODs, a Horizon Crossing Indicator and the host microprocessor. During acquisition mode, the ACS spins up and stabilizes the spacecraft with a spin rate of 3 RPM (within 10%) and the spin-axis to within 5° of the orbit normal. Simulation results show that the above objectives can be achieved with the 1 Am2 TORQRODs within 4 orbits with total ACS orbital average power consumption of 190 mW and total ACS mass of 0.428 Kg

The Effects of Momentum Bias on a Gravity Gradient Stabilized Spacecraft with Active Magnetic Control

The improvements achieved by adding a momentum bias wheel to a Gravity Gradient (GG) stabilized spacecraft are evaluated. Mass, power, and computational processing requirements, as well as performance, are compared for three Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADACS) scenarios. Spacecraft which require low mass and power have long Incorporated GG torques as a passive stabilization technique. The spacecraft is oriented in the general direction required by the mission, but the overall attitude and attitude rate errors are not exceptionally tight. In order to improve the spacecraft pointing accuracies the GG stabilized ADACS .can be augmented by an active control technique. Previously, the use of three TORQRODs was evaluated. With one oriented along each of the spacecraft axis. For this analysis, the incorporation of a small momentum bias wheel is shown to significantly improve the magnetic attitude control from a few degrees to a few tenths of a degree by providing additional gyroscopic stiffness. The ADACS impacts of a constant speed wheel vs an active pitch control loop are also compared. Attitude control techniques are one part of the overall ADACS solution. The knowledge of how well the spacecraft attitude can be determined defines the net ADACS performance for a given mission scenario. If an accuracy of few degrees is sufficient a novel approach is to determine the attitude simply from three-axis magnetometer data. The addition of an Earth horizon sensor to provide accurate roll and pitch information can Improve the overall ADACS performance to approximately 0.5 , but at the expense of Increased mass and power requirements

Three-axis attitude determination via Kalman filtering of magnetometer data

A three-axis Magnetometer/Kalman Filter attitude determination system for a spacecraft in low-altitude Earth orbit is developed, analyzed, and simulation tested. The motivation for developing this system is to achieve light weight and low cost for an attitude determination system. The extended Kalman filter estimates the attitude, attitude rates, and constant disturbance torques. Accuracy near that of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model is achieved. Covariance computation and simulation testing demonstrate the filter's accuracy. One test case, a gravity-gradient stabilized spacecraft with a pitch momentum wheel and a magnetically-anchored damper, is a real satellite on which this attitude determination system will be used. The application to a nadir pointing satellite and the estimation of disturbance torques represent the significant extensions contributed by this paper. Beyond its usefulness purely for attitude determination, this system could be used as part of a low-cost three-axis attitude stabilization system

Active Magnetic Control System for Gravity Gradient Stabilized Spacecraft

Active magnetic control is studied as a means to improve the capabilities and performance of gravity gradient stabilized spacecraft. Active magnetic control eliminates the need for a passive damper and can reduce significantly the costs and complexity of other functional parts of the spacecraft. The system under study includes three magnetic torquers, one three-axis magnetometer, and a control processor. It does not require any moving parts, and provides for rapid libration damping, tighter stabilization and active control of the yaw angle. Control algorithms are defined. Results of the analysis of the control laws and computer simulations, including high-order models of the geomagnetic field and atmospheric disturbance torques, are presented. The algorithms perform well within a wide range of orbital inclinations and attitude angles and allow maneuverability and stabilization around the yaw axis. A Kalman Filter is used to provide estimates of the attitude angles, the angular rates, and a global disturbance torque, based on measurements from the magnetometer. Results of simulations, including the attitude estimator in the control loop, are presented. The possibility of a fully autonomous acquisition, deployment, and stabilization sequence using the magnetic control system is discussed

Managing Hazardous Municipal Wastewater: A Membrane-Integrated Hybrid Approach for Fast and Effective Treatment in Low Temperature Environment

Protection of natural water resources like lakes from the onslaught of hazardous municipal wastewater is often a challenge particularly in the cold regions. For treatment of enormous quantity of municipal wastewater, biological treatment is normally adopted but high COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) of such wastewater turns biological treatment slow and difficult. At low temperature environment, effective treatment of such municipal wastewater becomes extremely difficult due to weakened microbial activities. The present study was carried out with a hybrid approach comprising chemical treatment and membrane separation under psychrophilic conditions. Well–known Fenton’s treatment was adopted under response surface optimized conditions that helped recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as value–added struvite fertilizer or magnesium ammonium phosphate (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O). The optimal COD removal was found to be 96% at a low temperature of 15oC and pH of 6.3 using Fe2+/H2O2 ratio of 0.10 and of H2O2 1.9 g/l with reaction time of 2 h. Down–stream purification of the struvite-free water by microfiltration and nanofiltration largely fouling–free flat sheet cross flow membrane modules ultimately turned the treated water reusable through reduction of dissolved solids, conductivity and salinity

Lignocellulosic bioethanol production: Prospects of emerging membrane technologies to improve the process - A critical review

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. To meet the worldwide rapid growth of industrialization and population, the demand for the production of bioethanol as an alternative green biofuel is gaining significant prominence. The bioethanol production process is still considered one of the largest energy-consuming processes and is challenging due to the limited effectiveness of conventional pretreatment processes, saccharification processes, and extreme use of electricity in common fermentation and purification processes. Thus, it became necessary to improve the bioethanol production process through reduced energy requirements. Membrane-based separation technologies have already gained attention due to their reduced energy requirements, investment in lower labor costs, lower space requirements, and wide flexibility in operations. For the selective conversion of biomasses to bioethanol, membrane bioreactors are specifically well suited. Advanced membrane-integrated processes can effectively contribute to different stages of bioethanol production processes, including enzymatic saccharification, concentrating feed solutions for fermentation, improving pretreatment processes, and finally purification processes. Advanced membrane-integrated simultaneous saccharification, filtration, and fermentation strategies consisting of ultrafiltration-based enzyme recycle system with nanofiltration-based high-density cell recycle fermentation system or the combination of high-density cell recycle fermentation system with membrane pervaporation or distillation can definitely contribute to the development of the most efficient and economically sustainable second-generation bioethanol production process

Research for practice in small human service organisations: doing and disseminating smallscale research

A series of novel alkynyl substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (DHPM) derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro as potential inhibitors of chorismate mutase (CM). All these compounds were prepared via a multi-component reaction (MCR) involving sequential I2-mediated Biginelli reaction followed by Cu-free Sonogashira coupling. Some of them showed promising inhibitory activities when tested at 30 μM. One compound showed dose dependent inhibition of CM with IC50 value of 14.76 ± 0.54 μM indicating o-alkynylphenyl substituted DHPM as a new scaffold for the discovery of promising inhibitors of CM

Fusarium Disease of Maize and Its Management through Sustainable Approach

Fusarium causing disease in maize is probably the one of the most serious diseases among the crop plants all over the world. It not only damages the maize plant, reduces its potential yield and its nutritional values but imposes threatening to the human life through the induction of mycotoxin development. F. graminearum and F. moniliforme syn. Fusarium verticillioides are two important maize pathogens that cause substantial damage to its ear, stalk and foliage, causing contamination of grains with mycotoxins. Since conventional methods of controlling the diseases including the chemical methods proved not enough for total control of the disease with creating situation even worse for our surroundings, the application of PGPR and PGPF can play significant role to control the damage caused by Fusarium

Efficacy and safety of dexlansoprazole: a comprehensive review

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains prevalent in medical practice. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary treatment, yet limitations exist. Dexlansoprazole modified release (MR), an R-enantiomer of lansoprazole, offers high efficacy. Its dual release in the duodenum and small intestine yields two peak concentrations at different times (2- and 5-hours post-administration), ensuring the longest maintenance of drug concentration and proton pump inhibitory effect among all PPIs. Dexlansoprazole MR effectively heals erosive esophagitis, maintains healed esophageal mucosa, and controls NERD symptoms. It also improves nocturnal heartburn, GERD-related sleep disturbances, and bothersome regurgitation. Importantly, it maintains good plasma concentration regardless of food intake, enabling flexible dosing. Furthermore, it does not significantly affect clopidogrel metabolism or platelet inhibition, eliminating the need for dose adjustments when co-prescribed. This review highlights dexlansoprazole's unique attributes, pharmacokinetics, advantages, and safety in comparison to traditional PPIs.