Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies of nickel (II), copper (II), zinc (II) and cadmium (II) complexes with some mixed ligands

743-746Dichloro - (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) -cyclic ligand morpholine (Morph)/thiomorpholine (Tmorph)/methylmorpholine (Mmorph)! dimethyl-piperazine (DMP) complexes of nickel (II), copper (II), zinc (II) and cadmium (II) with the compositions [Nittmorph), (DCA)2], [Ni (tmorph), (TCA)2].2H2O, [Cu (DMP)2 (TCA)2}, [ML2X2]. nH2O where M = Znll or CdII, L = Morph, DMP or tmorph and X = DCA or TCA and n = ° except in case of [Cd (Morph), (rCA)2] where n = I have been synthesised. Some intermediate complexes have been isolated by temperature arrest technique (pyrolysis) and characterised. Configurational and conformational changes have been studied by elemental analyses. IR and electronic spectra, magnetic moment data (in the case of Ni(lI) and Cutfl) complexes) and thermal analysis. E, ∆H and ∆S for the decomposition reaction of these complexes are evaluated and the stability of the complexes with respect to activation energy has also been compared. A linear correlation has been found between E.∆H and ∆S for the decomposition of the complexes

Mossbauer, EPR, magnetic properties and thermally induced stereochemical studies on some double complex salts of cyclic ligand containing cationic copper(II) complexes and hexacyanoferrate(III) anion in the solid state

1604-1608Novel cyanide-bridged double complex salts of cationic copper(II) salts with cyclic ligand, viz., morpholine (Morph), N-methyl morpholine (Me-Morph) and homopiperazine (Hpz) and hexacyanoferrate(III) ion have been synthesized and characterized. Mossbauer spectra of the complexes have been recorded at 80 K and 300 K to investigate the metal-metal charge transfer and the impact of cyclic ligand present in the cationic part of the double complex salt on the Mossbauer spectra of hexacyanoferrate(III) ion. Metal-metal charge transfer transition has been supported by electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility values. Variable temperature EPR spectra have been recorded to study the distortion of crystal systems. Activation energy and inception temperature for the thermochemical reactions show that the order of stability of the double complex salts follows the trend, Hpz>Me-Morph>Morph

Transient overexpression ofWerner protein rescues starvation induced autophagy inWerner syndrome cells

Reduced autophagy may be associated with normal and pathological aging. Here we report a link between autophagy and Werner protein (WRNp), mutated in Werner syndrome, the human premature aging Werner syndrome (WS).WRNmutant fibroblast AG11395 and AG05229 respondweakly to starvation induced autophagy compared to normal cells. While the fusion of phagosomes with lysosome is normal, WS cells contain fewer autophagy vacuoles. Cellular starvation autophagy in WS cells is restored after transfection with full length WRN. Further, siRNA mediated silencing of WRN in the normal fibroblast cell line WI-38 results in decreased autophagy and altered expression of autophagy related proteins. Thus, our observations suggest that WRN may have a role in controlling autophagy and hereby cellular maintenance

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present