ANTICUERPOS CONTRA EL VIRUS CAUSANTE DE LA RINOTRAQUEITIS INFECCIOSA EN VACUNOSDE LA PROVINCIA DE MELGAR, PUNO

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la prevalencia del virus herpes bovino tipo 1 (VHB-1), agente causal de la rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina, en animales de la provincia deMelgar, Puno. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre de bovinos mayores a 6 meses de edad (n = 382) provenientes de nueve distritos de la provincia de Melgar, para la detección de anticuerpos contra el VHB-1 mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. La prevalencia del VHB-1 fue de 29.0 ± 0.1%(110/382), sin que hubiese diferencias entre animales jóvenes (<2 años) y adultos (³2 años). Los títulos de anticuerpos variaron entre 2 a 128. Los resultados indican que el VHB-1 está difundido en los bovinos de la provincia de Melgar y, posiblemente, esté contribuyendo en la presentación de problemas respiratorios en animales jóvenes.The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) was determined in 382 bovine older than 6months of age in herds of the province ofMelgar, Puno, Peru. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against BHV-1 using the viral neutralization test. The 29.0 ± 0.1%(110/382) of the samples had antibodies against BHV-1, without differences between young (2 years old) and mature (³2 years old) animals.Antibody titers varied between 2 to 128. The results indicated that BHV-1 infection is widespread in cattle population of the province ofMelgar, Puno, and it is possibly contributing to cause respiratory disease problems in young animals

Human Skin Microbiota: High Diversity of DNA Viruses Identified on the Human Skin by High Throughput Sequencing

The human skin is a complex ecosystem that hosts a heterogeneous flora. Until recently, the diversity of the cutaneous microbiota was mainly investigated for bacteria through culture based assays subsequently confirmed by molecular techniques. There are now many evidences that viruses represent a significant part of the cutaneous flora as demonstrated by the asymptomatic carriage of beta and gamma-human papillomaviruses on the healthy skin. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that some representatives of the Polyomavirus genus might share a similar feature. In the present study, the cutaneous virome of the surface of the normal-appearing skin from five healthy individuals and one patient with Merkel cell carcinoma was investigated through a high throughput metagenomic sequencing approach in an attempt to provide a thorough description of the cutaneous flora, with a particular focus on its viral component. The results emphasize the high diversity of the viral cutaneous flora with multiple polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and circoviruses being detected on normal-appearing skin. Moreover, this approach resulted in the identification of new Papillomavirus and Circovirus genomes and confirmed a very low level of genetic diversity within human polyomavirus species. Although viruses are generally considered as pathogen agents, our findings support the existence of a complex viral flora present at the surface of healthy-appearing human skin in various individuals. The dynamics and anatomical variations of this skin virome and its variations according to pathological conditions remain to be further studied. The potential involvement of these viruses, alone or in combination, in skin proliferative disorders and oncogenesis is another crucial issue to be elucidated

Treatments for intracranial hypertension in acute brain-injured patients: grading, timing, and association with outcome. Data from the SYNAPSE-ICU study

Purpose: Uncertainties remain about the safety and efficacy of therapies for managing intracranial hypertension in acute brain injured (ABI) patients. This study aims to describe the therapeutical approaches used in ABI, with/without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, among different pathologies and across different countries, and their association with six months mortality and neurological outcome. Methods: A preplanned subanalysis of the SYNAPSE-ICU study, a multicentre, prospective, international, observational cohort study, describing the ICP treatment, graded according to Therapy Intensity Level (TIL) scale, in patients with ABI during the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Results: 2320 patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 55 (I-III quartiles = 39-69) years, and 800 (34.5%) were female. During the first week from ICU admission, no-basic TIL was used in 382 (16.5%) patients, mild-moderate in 1643 (70.8%), and extreme in 295 cases (eTIL, 12.7%). Patients who received eTIL were younger (median age 49 (I-III quartiles = 35-62) vs 56 (40-69) years, p < 0.001), with less cardiovascular pre-injury comorbidities (859 (44%) vs 90 (31.4%), p < 0.001), with more episodes of neuroworsening (160 (56.1%) vs 653 (33.3%), p < 0.001), and were more frequently monitored with an ICP device (221 (74.9%) vs 1037 (51.2%), p < 0.001). Considerable variability in the frequency of use and type of eTIL adopted was observed between centres and countries. At six months, patients who received no-basic TIL had an increased risk of mortality (Hazard ratio, HR = 1.612, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = 1.243-2.091, p < 0.001) compared to patients who received eTIL. No difference was observed when comparing mild-moderate TIL with eTIL (HR = 1.017, 95% CI = 0.823-1.257, p = 0.873). No significant association between the use of TIL and neurological outcome was observed. Conclusions: During the first week of ICU admission, therapies to control high ICP are frequently used, especially mild-moderate TIL. In selected patients, the use of aggressive strategies can have a beneficial effect on six months mortality but not on neurological outcome