Convergence of an Iteration of Fifth-Order Using Weaker Conditions on First Order Fréchet Derivative in Banach Spaces

[EN] The convergence analysis both local under weaker Argyros-type conditions and semilocal under. omega-condition is established using first order Frechet derivative for an iteration of fifth order in Banach spaces. This avoids derivatives of higher orders which are either difficult to compute or do not exist at times. The Lipchitz and the Holder conditions are particular cases of the omega-condition. Examples can be constructed for which the Lipchitz and Holder conditions fail but the omega-condition holds. Recurrence relations are used for the semilocal convergence analysis. Existence and uniqueness theorems and the error bounds for the solution are provided. Different examples are solved and convergence balls for each of them are obtained. These examples include Hammerstein-type integrals to demonstrate the applicability of our approach.Singh, S.; Gupta, D.; Singh, R.; Singh, M.; Martínez Molada, E. (2018). Convergence of an Iteration of Fifth-Order Using Weaker Conditions on First Order Fréchet Derivative in Banach Spaces. International Journal of Computational Methods. 15(6):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219876218500482S11815

New FTY720-docetaxel nanoparticle therapy overcomes FTY720-induced lymphopenia and inhibits metastatic breast tumour growth

Purpose: Combining molecular therapies with chemotherapy may offer an improved clinical outcome for chemoresistant tumours. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor antagonist and sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) inhibitor FTY720 (FTY) has promising anticancer properties, however, it causes systemic lymphopenia which impairs its use in cancer patients. In this study, we developed a nanoparticle (NP) combining docetaxel (DTX) and FTY for enhanced anticancer effect, targeted tumour delivery and reduced systemic toxicity. Methods: Docetaxel, FTY and glucosamine were covalently conjugated to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). NPs were characterised by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor efficacy of CNPs were evaluated. Results: We show for the first time that in triple negative breast cancer cells FTY provides chemosensitisation to DTX, allowing a four-fold reduction in the effective dose. We have encapsulated both drugs in PLGA complex NPs (CNPs), with narrow size distribution of ~ 100 nm and excellent cancer cell uptake providing sequential, sustained release of FTY and DTX. In triple negative breast cancer cells and mouse breast cancer models, CNPs had similar efficacy to systemic free therapies, but allowed an effective drug dose reduction. Application of CNPs has significantly reversed chemotherapy side effects such as weight loss, liver toxicity and, most notably, lymphopenia. Conclusions: We show for the first time the DTX chemosensitising effects of FTY in triple negative breast cancer. We further demonstrate that encapsulation of free drugs in CNPs can improve targeting, provide low off-target toxicity and most importantly reduce FTY-induced lymphopenia, offering potential therapeutic use of FTY in clinical cancer treatment

Enzymatically crosslinked Tyramine-Gellan gum hydrogels as drug delivery system for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint synovial inflammation, as well as cartilage and bone tissue destruction. Current strategies for the treatment of RA can reduce joint inflammation, but the treatment options still represent stability concerns since they are not sufficient and present a fast clearing. Thus, several drug delivery systems (DDS) have been advanced to tackle this limitation. Injectable gellan gum (GG) hydrogels, reduced by physical crosslinking methods, also being proposed as DDS, but this kind of crosslinking can produce hydrogels that become weaker in physiological conditions. Nevertheless, enzymatic crosslinking emerged as an alternative to increase mechanical strength, which can be adjusted by the degree of enzymatic crosslinking. In this study, tyramine-modified gellan gum (Ty-GG) hydrogels were developed via horseradish peroxidase (HRP) crosslinking; and betamethasone was encapsulated within, to increase the specificity and safety in the treatment of patients with RA. Physicochemical results showed that it was possible to modify GG with tyramine, with a degree of substitution of approximately 30%. They showed high mechanical strength and resistance, presenting a controlled betamethasone release profile over time. Ty-GG hydrogels also exhibited no cytotoxic effects and do not negatively affected the metabolic activity and proliferation of chondrogenic primary cells. Furthermore, the main goal was achieved since betamethasone-loaded Ty-GG hydrogels demonstrated to have a more effective therapeutic effect when compared with the administration of betamethasone alone. Therefore, the developed Ty-GG hydrogels represent a promising DDS and a reliable alternative to traditional treatments in patients with RANorte2020 project (“NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000044”), REMIX project (G.A. 778078 — REMIX — H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017), and Gilson Lab, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea. The FCT distinction attributed to J. Miguel Oliveira under the Investigator FCT program (IF/01285/2015) is also greatly acknowledged. C. Gonçalves also wish to acknowledge FCT for supporting her research (No. SFRH/BPD/94277/2013

Solar Coronal Plumes

Polar plumes are thin long ray-like structures that project beyond the limb of the Sun polar regions, maintaining their identity over distances of several solar radii. Plumes have been first observed in white-light (WL) images of the Sun, but, with the advent of the space era, they have been identified also in X-ray and UV wavelengths (XUV) and, possibly, even in in situ data. This review traces the history of plumes, from the time they have been first imaged, to the complex means by which nowadays we attempt to reconstruct their 3-D structure. Spectroscopic techniques allowed us also to infer the physical parameters of plumes and estimate their electron and kinetic temperatures and their densities. However, perhaps the most interesting problem we need to solve is the role they cover in the solar wind origin and acceleration: Does the solar wind emanate from plumes or from the ambient coronal hole wherein they are embedded? Do plumes have a role in solar wind acceleration and mass loading? Answers to these questions are still somewhat ambiguous and theoretical modeling does not provide definite answers either. Recent data, with an unprecedented high spatial and temporal resolution, provide new information on the fine structure of plumes, their temporal evolution and relationship with other transient phenomena that may shed further light on these elusive features

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF INFORMATION AND A NEW APPROACH OF CODING IN IT

In this paper we are discussed about logical sentence coding for distinct messages by binary alphabets {0, 1}.The information model contains alphabets, words, sentences and messages are available in the practical purpose. The information and its relation discussed for clarification

Solvent Extraction of Mercury(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solution by High Molecular Weight Amine, Amberlite LA-1

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Navigation of autonomous mobile robot using different activation functions of wavelet neural network

An autonomous mobile robot is a robot which can move and act autonomously without the help of human assistance. Navigation problem of mobile robot in unknown environment is an interesting research area. This is a problem of deducing a path for the robot from its initial position to a given goal position without collision with the obstacles. Different methods such as fuzzy logic, neural networks etc. are used to find collision free path for mobile robot. This paper examines behavior of path planning of mobile robot using three activation functions of wavelet neural network i.e. Mexican Hat, Gaussian and Morlet wavelet functions by MATLAB. The simulation result shows that WNN has faster learning speed with respect to traditional artificial neural network