IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE WORLD TOURISM ORGANISATION IN DETERMINATION OF TOURISTS EXPENSES IN GEORGIA

The most important direction for tourism statistics is tourism and expenses that include tourism value assessment, which is necessary to assess its influence on the national economy, including the balance sheet, as well as the description of tourism industry sectors. It is therefore necessary to define the classification of the expenses, which is a necessary indicator of statistical study of tour expenses. The main purpose of the thesis is to identify the problems of introduction of the World Tourism Organization's recommendations for tourism expenditure in Georgia. Researchmethiology. The paper uses methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical observation and grouping methods Findings. Tourist expenses include the expenses of goods and services purchased during a tourist trip, regardless of whether they are purchased or for others. This includes both the expenses incurred by tourists, as well as the expenses paid or paid by others. Travel costs exclude acquisitions that benefit benefits to the visitor. All individual goods and services that the National Accounts System considers to be a part of tourism expenditure may be the use of goods or services. In addition to the expenses incurred by the visitors and the goods, tourist expenses include: The expenses incurred by the employer on the traveling goods and services of the employee; Visitor's Cash Flow financed by third parties, expenses incurred by the visitor for individual services, secured and subsidized by government and NGOs in education, health, art and other fields; Small expenses incurred by employees employed by travelers and their families; Additional expenses incurred by the visitors, mainly covered by the manufacturers of the sport or cultural events.It is necessary to examine the type of expenses that the tourist can travel while traveling, but not the tourism expenses. For example, taxes and liabilities are covered by any type of expenses, including expenses incurred when traveling or traveling, to purchase financial and non-financial assets, purchase of goods for sale, all kinds of money in cash, such as charitable organizations or other individuals Because they do not comply with the purchase of goods and services

СТАТИСТИЧНІ ДАНІ ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЇ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ВИТРАТ

Purpose of the Article. The main purpose of the article is to make complex statistical analysis of tourist expenses of foreign visitors.Methodology/Methods. We used mixed technique of selection that implies rules of random and proportional selection. Computer software SPSS was used to compute statistical data for corresponding analysis.Scientific aim. Corresponding methodology of tourism statistics was implemented according to international standards.Results. Important information was collected and grouped from the major Georgian airports. Techniques of statistical observation were prepared. Representative population of foreign visitors and a rule of selection of respondents were determined. We have a trend of growth of tourist numbers and share of tourists from post-soviet countriesconstantly increases. Level of satisfaction with tourist facilities and quality of service has grown, but still we have a problem of disparity between quality of service and prices.Conclusions. The design of tourist expenses of foreign visitors is diverse; competitiveness of tourist products of Georgian tourist companies is higherОсновной целью статьи является комплексный  статистический анализ  туристических расходов иностранных посетителей. В работе выявлена репрезентативная популяция иностранных посетителей,  выявлены тенденции  увеличения объема туристических потоков, доли туристов из постсоветских стран,  проблемы связанные с  соответствием между качеством услуг и цен.Основною метою статті є комплексний  статистичний аналіз  туристичних витрат іноземних відвідувачів. У роботі виявлена репрезентативна популяція іноземних відвідувачів,  виявлені тенденції  збільшення об'єму туристичних потоків, долі туристів з пострадянських країн,  проблеми пов'язані з  відповідністю між якістю послуг і цін

Increasing Trends of Tourist Flows from the European Countries to Georgia

Tourism is developing in Georgia and it is the fact that the exemption of visa limitations has had an important impact on the growth of tourist flows. It may be assumed that significantly increased flows of EU citizens to Georgia in recent years are an immediate result of the liberal visa policy. Research methodology: methods of statistical observation, grouping and analysis were used in the research process. The number of total visitors to the country and that from the European Union increases annually. As the data of 2018 suggest, the visits to Georgia for 72.9% of the international visitors were recurring, while 27.1% of the visitors were on their first visit in Georgia. Visits from the EU are most common in the III quarter of the year, i.e. in summer. EU visitors are mostly from Poland, Germany, UK, France, Lithuania and other countries. Most visitors are of the 26-35 age group. The most visited place is Tbilisi. The visits from the EU show a generally increasing trend, with the greatest increase fixed in 2018 as compared to the previous year; men dominate among the international visitors. The EU countries show a similar regularity; as to the age categories, 31-50 age group dominates among the international visitors and 26-65 age group dominates among the EU visitors; a leading country with the largest number of visits from the EU is Poland; the degree of satisfaction is high, with only 1.7% of the international inbound visitors being discontent

The Mechanisms of State Management in Agricultural Sector of Georgia

The paper studies the current situation in the agricultural sector of Georgia, its impact on the country’s economy and possibilities of development. Agriculture is a traditional sector and it has always played an important role in economic and social development of Georgia. The country has favorable conditions for the development of agricultural sector. Despite urbanization processes in recent years, about half of Georgian population still lives in rural areas and most of them are employed or self-employed in this sector. Therefore, the level of development of agriculture in the country impacts the lives of significant share of the country’s population. Agriculture has been paid more attention by the government of Georgia in recent years. In particular, various programs and projects have been initiated and implemented in this direction. These programs aim at encouraging the development of various agricultural activities as well as development of processing industry, which will lead to increasing production and export of Georgian agricultural products. However, currently, development of agricultural sector in Georgia significantly lags behind other sectors of the economy mainly due to insufficient financing of this sector, lack of access to relevant technologies and lack of development of processing industry for raw agricultural materials. Therefore, a number of measures, like scientific-research activities, increasing the awareness of farmers, introduction of technological novelties and improvement of agro-insurance system that will enhance the competitiveness of the sector still need to be implemented

Gender Labour Discrimination in the Higher Education System: A Case of Georgia

Introduction. Discrimination, especially gender discrimination, is one of the main challenges of the modern labour market. Even though different countries have appropriate policies as well as the desire and readiness of society, gender discrimination remains an unsolved problem in all spheres of activity. Although women's participation and educational opportunities have increased, and they are actively involved in academic activities, according to research, the level of discrimination in this field remains high. The management apparatus of organizations should take into account the fact that discrimination is not only a violation of the country's legislation but also has a negative impact on both the image of the organization and its final results. Aim and tasks. This research aims to identify gender discrimination in the higher education system and provide solutions using Georgia. Results. The study aims to outline gender discrimination issues in Georgia and its impact on people's personal lives and health. A total of 759 respondents employed at a higher educational institution were interviewed. Despite the fact that the government of Georgia has developed legislative reforms to eliminate discrimination, the results of the study revealed significant problems in the higher education system of Georgia in terms of gender discrimination. Part of them state that they were victims of discrimination most often at the workplace. The results revealed that gender discrimination affected people's health and personal lives. Conclusions. Managers must consider many factors to achieve the intended results for an organisation. However, one of the most essential challenges for enhancing employee labour productivity is the creation of a place to work, where the issue of discrimination plays a significant role. Attention was also focused on the factors causing discrimination, to which managers should pay attention to take appropriate measures. The study analysed how men and women perceive the conflicts caused by discrimination in the labour market. Also, it revealed the perception and vision of the ways of solving these conflicts among women and men

Covid-19 And Related Government Regulations’ Impact On Employment In Georgia

Due to the pandemic, 2020 became one of the most memorable years in the world history. It affected employment as well. Georgia was one of the countries which experienced the pandemic impacts on its citizens. The unemployment rate in-creased by 2,1% within a year and reached 20,6% in 2021. Despite state regulations and restrictions, Georgia was among the most vulnerable countries to COVID-19 spreading. It caused severe results on employment and the whole economy. The paper aims to define and analyze the impact of COVID-19 and related state regulations’ impact on employment in Georgia as well as to identify the tendencies based on the qualitative analysis of the surveys conducted in Georgia. The existing literature and available information on the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and employment is reviewed. Comparative analysis of the EU and Georgian state regulations related to COVID-19 is provided. Data used in the paper is of secondary type. Graphs are used to visualize data, and analysis of statistical observation is applied. Georgian researcher’s findings are also used. Significant evaluations and analyses are drawn depending on the collected data relating to COVID-19 impact on the economy, employment and people's perception. Some authors’ predictions are presented as well

Challenges and barriers in transition to circular economy business models

Circular Economy (EC) is a term that has not been studied fully yet and is attracting the growing interest of scholars. It is vital for our planet and each of our lives to take care of EC principles. In this process, the business sector plays a leading role. This process is challenging and requires understanding circular economy principles first, after analyzing linear business models and comparing them to the CBM (Circular Economy Business Model). Based on these, it will be easier for businesses to adopt any of them. The aim of the paper is to discuss these and give recommendations based on the literature, research papers, and publications available at this moment. Key Findings: The barriers to moving from BM to CBM are still strong, but business behavior shows that there are already some signs of a circular economy, which can be considered an important step for the planet and people’s lives; recommendations are given on how to help businesses to overcome obstacles on this difficult path

Major Mechanisms to Develop the Strategies of the Labor Market in Georgia

AbstractUnemployment is the severe social-economic problem for the modern Georgian society and the most important political issue. Thorough analysis of unemployment is the precondition for permanent monitoring of the unemployment-related processes and realization of the measures rescue the situation.The analysis is done by using mathematical, statistical, quantitative and comparative methods, diagrams.The study demonstrated that in terms of chronic, mass unemployment, there is a deficit of the professional qualified labor force and poor level of training workers and specialists what has a certain impact on the labor market conjuncture. These deficiencies evidence that the modern education system is not totally oriented on the labor market requirements, the quality of professional retraining is poor

Reformos ir politika, skatinančios augančią rinką Gruzijoje

The aim of the research paper is to find out if the republic of Georgia is likely to have emerging market. Paper analyzes different aspects of emerging market, included: historical background, political situation (international rankings, the role of the international society), economic conditions (FDI inflows, major economic indicators), legal framework. The paper argues that recent economic and political reform efforts have been successful, however, a key concern is the effective implementation of the legal and policy framework for investment environment, leading to measurable improvements.Straipsnio tikslas yra atskleisti, kiek Gruzijos Respublika yra pasirengusi plėtoti rinką. Darbe aptariami įvairūs augančios rinkos aspektai: istorinis palikimas, politinė situacija, vykdomų reformų eiga. Analizuojami tarptautiniai reitingai, aptariamas pačios tarptautinės bendruomenės vaidmuo, skatinant ekonominių santykių plėtrą Gruzijoje. Ypatinga vieta skiriama rinkos ekonominių sąlygų (pagrindiniai ekonominiai rodikliai) ir teisinės sistemos analizei. Straipsnyje diskutuojama, kad nors pastarosios ekonominės ir politinės reformos Gruzijoje buvo sėkmingos, pagrindinė problema – kaip suformuoti efektyvią, investicijoms palankią teisinę ir politinę aplinką

Are Womenʼs Rights Protected in Georgia? Statistics and Reality

Violence against women is relevant both in the world and in Georgia. Therefore, the aim of the work is Statistical analysis of violence against women in Georgia, according to the causes, forms, revealed forms and results of violence. The methods of statistical observation, grouping and analysis were used in the research process. The graphical expression method is widely used. Apart from them, the methods of induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, and selective observation were also used. Relative indicators of structure, dynamics, and comparison were calculated. Violence against women is a taboo topic for Georgian society and rarely becomes disclosed. Violence against women and girls in Georgia includes sexual abuse, rape, sexual harassment, early marriages, or forced marriage. The cases of violence against women are much more common in residents of Tbilisi, Samtskhe-Javakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti. It is relatively low in Adjara, Guria, Samegrelo and Imereti regions. Besides physical violence, there is frequent psychological violence, such as constant control of the wife, threatening, intimidation, etc. Violence indicators are different for age groups and nationalities. The survey is intended for a wide segment. In the future, it is possible to further expand the area by considering sources of financing. The results of this research will help increase public awareness and the need for women’s rights. Since 2009, research about women’s violence in Georgia has not been conducted. Therefore, the statistical data presented here is completely most recent