Pengaruh Corpus Luteum dan Folikel Dominan terhadap Kualitas Morfologi Oosit Sapi Bali-Timor

Improvement of cattle production can be obtained by the application of feed and breeding technology. One of the breeding technologies that are rapidly growing is in vitro fertilization, which is part of In vitro embryo production The source of oocytes influence the success of in vitro embryo production The quality of the oocyte were determined by Ovarian follicular environment and followed the follicular growth that were characterized by the presence of a dominant follicle (DF) and corpus lutem (CL). The purpose of this study was to determine the influe nced of dominant follicles and corpus luteum on oocyte morphology ofBali Timor cattle, that were collected by aspiration method. Oocytes were obtained postmortem from the ovaries of Bali Timor cows slaughtered at an Oeba slaughterhouse Ovarian then class ified into 3 groups : I ) ovarian with CL without DF; (II) ovarian with DF, without CL; and (III) ovarian without both DF and CL. The results showed that the number of oocytes with good quality from group III (12.5%) was higher than group I (9.83%), but no significant differently (P> 0.05). The number of oocytes from group II that showed several layers of cells and has a cytoplasm (good quality) was very low

Identifikasi Molekuler Pasteurella Multocida Penyebab Pasteurellosis pada Babi di YOGYAKARTA

The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic variation of P.multocida in Yogyakarta with other overseas P. multocida strains. Samples were obtained from necropted intensive pig farming with clinically pneumonia symptoms, specific pulmonary lessions and then followed by histopathological examination and b iochemical characterization of the isolates. Then followed by histopathological examination and biochemical characterization of the isolates. Moleculartest performed by DNA extraction using the QIAGEN QIAamp DNA minikit, amplification of the 16S rRNA gene using forward primer 5' GGA GTG AAC TGC AGC TAA TAC C 3', and reverse primer 5' GTA GGT AAG CTT CGC GTT GTT G 3', electrophoresis, purification and sequencing. Macroscopic and histopathological examination results were analyzed descriptively. Sequencing r esults were analyzed by multiple alignment with other Pasteurella spp. taken from GenBank using the Clustal W software, subsequently analyzed using Neighbour Joining and Maximum Parsimony method that exist in program MEGA version 5.1 The results showed gen etic distance based on 765 nucleotides of 16S rRNA gene of P. multocida isolates from lungs of bronchopneumonia of swine in Yogyakarta at 0%. Filogram based on the nucleotide sequence showed a high similarity between P. multocida isolates from Yogyakarta a nd other isolates from USA, Germany, China, Europe, and Hungaria

Gambaran Histopatologi Beberapa Tipe Bronchopneumonia Pada Pulmo Babi Hasil Pemotongan Di Rph Oeba

The aim of this study was to determine the histopathologic changes of bronchopneumonia type in pigs of slaughtered pig from Oeba slaughterhouse associated with P. multocida infection. Samples of pulmo were found from pigs showing respiratoric symptoms, characterized as dyspnoea and presence of nasal exudates that are serous to mucopurulent, obtained from slaughtered pigs in RPH Oeba Kota Kupang. Samples showed pathognomonic lesions of gray hepatized than processed for histopathological studies. The result showed that varied macroscopic changes noted in pulmo samples from suspected infected pigs showed various types of lesions. Lessions observed then classified into two main lessions were acute and chronic. Acute lesions were characterized by edema and hyperemia which then confirmed with congestion and multifocal haemorrhages. Serous to seromucous exudates were observed intrabronchial and bronchioles. In chronic cases, the lesions showed cranioventral consolidation and gray hepatized with demarcated area beetwen consolidated and normal pulmonary area. Histologically, the types of bronchopneumonia categorized into bronchopneumonia suppurativa characterized by coagulative necrosis surrounded by cell infiltration and accumulation of fibrin intraalveolar. The fibrous connective tissue were also observed in the interstitaial space of alveolar around the necrotic area. Other samples showed non-suppurativa fibrinous bronchopneumonia with alveolar exudates dominated by mononuclear cells and accumulation of fibrin intra alveolar. Chronic bronchiolitis also seen with a mixture of mononuclear cells, neutrophils and macrophages that infiltrated into the lumen of the alveoli. A high number of goblet cells were observed in the bronchiolus epithelium, with the thickening of the fibrous tissue around the bronchioles. It can be concluded that there are two major types of lesions which are acute and chronic, with three types of bronchopnemonia namely bronchopneumonia suppurativa, non supuratival bronchopneumonia and chronic bronchiolitis

Assessing inter-limb asymmetries in soccer players: magnitude, direction and association with performance

In this study, we aimed to analyze the magnitude and direction of interlimb asymmetries in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), power (using iso-inertial devices), and a neuromuscular skill (change of direction). Secondarily, we aimed to determine the relationship between interlimb asymmetry scores for each test and also between these scores and the scores for the different performance tests. Sixteen semiprofessional male soccer players (age: 25.38 6.08 years; body height: 1.78 0.64 m; body mass: 79.5 14.9 kg) participated in this study. We calculated interlimb asymmetries using five tests: ankle dorsiflexion ROM, change of direction (COD 180º), and iso-inertial resistance tasks in the open (leg extension strength (LE), leg curl strength (LC)) and closed (crossover step (CRO)) kinetic chain. Our results showed that asymmetry magnitudes differed between all tests with highest interlimb asymmetries displayed during iso-inertial overloading. In addition, we observed that the direction of asymmetries varied depending on the test-specificity, and that the CRO asymmetries had a negative association with LE and CRO performance. These findings highlight the independent nature of asymmetries and that CRO could be an appropriate test to detect asymmetries related with the performance of soccer-specific actions (such as changes of direction). Practitioners are encouraged to use multiple tests to detect existing interlimb differences according to the specific characteristics of each sport

Influencia del viscosizante en suspensión de nitrofurantoina

On effect of two thickening agents -Metilcelulosa 400 and Carbopol 941- on viscosity of 1 % Nitrofurantoin suspensions was studied. The appropiate concentration was determined by settle volume, floculation degree and redispersability assays. Sediment analysis from melting point measurements and pH determinations were also reported.Se estudia en el presente trabajo la influencia que dos viscosizantes -Metil Celulosa 400 y Carbopol 941- ejercen en suspensiones de Nitrofurantoina al 1 %. Se determina la concentración más adecuada, realizándose ensayos de volumen de sedimentación, grado de floculación y redispersabilidad, así como las correspondientes determinaciones de pH de las suspensiones y análisis de los sedimentos, por medida del punto de fusión

Golongan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder dari Ramuan Tradisional NTT dalam Sopi Buah Pisang

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh berat buah pisang, volume starter dan waktu fermentasi pada pembuatan sopi buah pisang kepok (Mussa paradisiaca L), buah pisang rote dan buah pisang ambon ((Musa acuminata cavendish subgroup) asal Timor kemudian isolasi dan identifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder ramuan sopi asal kupang yang larut pada tahap fermentasi dan yang larut pada tahap maserasi dengan sopi hasil fermentasi pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca l.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat buah, volume starter dan waktu fermentasi terhadap kadar alkohol yang dihasilkan dari buah pisang kapok (Mussa paradisiaca L), buah pisang Rote dan buah pisang Ambon ((Musa acuminata cavendish subgroup) asal Timor kemudian untuk mengetahui golongan metabolit sekunder ramuan sopi asal desa air mata kupang yang larut pada tahap fermentasi dan yang larut pada tahap maserasi dengan sopi hasil fermentasi pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca l.) serta pada sopi masyarakat desa mata air Kupang. Variabel volume starter yang digunakan adalah 0, 50, 75 dan 100 mL, sedangkan variabel waku fermentasi yang digunakan adalah 2 hari, 4 hari, 6 hari, dan 8 hari.Uji statisik dilakukan menggunakan ANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volume starter berpengaruh terhadap kadar alkohol buah pisang kepok (14,74%), pisang rote (17%) dan pisang ambon (8%) dihasilkan oleh volume starter 100 mL. Sedangkan waktu fermentasi berpengaruh terhadap kadar alkohol buah pisang kepok (12,83%), pisang rote (17%) dan pisang ambon (12%) dihasilkan oleh waktu fermentasi 6 hari. Hasil uji secara fitokimia Pada perlakuan fermentasi buah pisang kapok dengan menambahkan ramuan sopi dan juga sopi masyarakat yang perlakuannya sama yaitu pada tahap fermentasi berbahan nira dan gula dengan menambahkan ramuan sopi sama sama tidak mengandung metabolit sekunder. Sedangkan pada ramuan sopi desa mata air yang fermentasi  dimaserasi dalam sopi pisang kapok hasil fermentasi terisolasi dan teridentifikasi mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan terpenoid kemudian dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi isolat menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS diperoleh serapan pada panjang gelombang 380nm dengan absorbansi 0,847 dan 374nm dengan absorbansi 0,829 dengan demikian senyawa metabolit sekunder yang teridentifikasi yakni flavonoid golongan flavanol dan auron

Radiaciones solares: tipos y efectos

A review on solar radiation and its effect on skin has been made. Exposure to sunlight can have both beneficial and harmful effects on the human body, depending on the wavelenght and the frequency of exposure, the intensity of the sunlight and the sensitivity of the individual concerned. Solar radiation consists of a continuous spectrum of frequencies or wave lengths from the infrared through the visible light to the ultraviolet regio n and beyond.Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre las características generales de radiaciones solares, especificando los tipos así como los efectos que producen sobre la piel. La exposición a la luz solar puede tener efectos adversos sobre el cuerpo humano siendo más o menos graves dependiendo de la longitud de onda y frecuencia de exposición

Estudio de conservantes para suspensiones de nitrofurantoína

With the purpose toget a suitable protection for Nitrofurantoín, it is studied according to one of its pharmaceutical forms -the suspensions-, the influence that exert several preserves with a very different action. Corresponding results were analysed by, visual observation, pH determination, fusion point and corresponding, spectrum in all over the samples, which were kept in ambiental conditions all test time.Con objeto de establecer una protección adecuada para Nitrofurantoína, se estudia, en una de sus formas farmacéuticas -las suspensiones-, la influencia que ejercen varios conservantes de acción muy diferente. Se analizan los resultados correspondientes mediante observación visual, determinación del pH, del punto de fusión y de los espectros correspondientes en todas las muestras, mantenidas en condiciones ambientales durante el tiempo de ensayo

Predictability of evolutionary trajectories in fitness landscapes

Experimental studies on enzyme evolution show that only a small fraction of all possible mutation trajectories are accessible to evolution. However, these experiments deal with individual enzymes and explore a tiny part of the fitness landscape. We report an exhaustive analysis of fitness landscapes constructed with an off-lattice model of protein folding where fitness is equated with robustness to misfolding. This model mimics the essential features of the interactions between amino acids, is consistent with the key paradigms of protein folding and reproduces the universal distribution of evolutionary rates among orthologous proteins. We introduce mean path divergence as a quantitative measure of the degree to which the starting and ending points determine the path of evolution in fitness landscapes. Global measures of landscape roughness are good predictors of path divergence in all studied landscapes: the mean path divergence is greater in smooth landscapes than in rough ones. The model-derived and experimental landscapes are significantly smoother than random landscapes and resemble additive landscapes perturbed with moderate amounts of noise; thus, these landscapes are substantially robust to mutation. The model landscapes show a deficit of suboptimal peaks even compared with noisy additive landscapes with similar overall roughness. We suggest that smoothness and the substantial deficit of peaks in the fitness landscapes of protein evolution are fundamental consequences of the physics of protein folding.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Extreme genetic fragility of the HIV-1 capsid

Genetic robustness, or fragility, is defined as the ability, or lack thereof, of a biological entity to maintain function in the face of mutations. Viruses that replicate via RNA intermediates exhibit high mutation rates, and robustness should be particularly advantageous to them. The capsid (CA) domain of the HIV-1 Gag protein is under strong pressure to conserve functional roles in viral assembly, maturation, uncoating, and nuclear import. However, CA is also under strong immunological pressure to diversify. Therefore, it would be particularly advantageous for CA to evolve genetic robustness. To measure the genetic robustness of HIV-1 CA, we generated a library of single amino acid substitution mutants, encompassing almost half the residues in CA. Strikingly, we found HIV-1 CA to be the most genetically fragile protein that has been analyzed using such an approach, with 70% of mutations yielding replication-defective viruses. Although CA participates in several steps in HIV-1 replication, analysis of conditionally (temperature sensitive) and constitutively non-viable mutants revealed that the biological basis for its genetic fragility was primarily the need to coordinate the accurate and efficient assembly of mature virions. All mutations that exist in naturally occurring HIV-1 subtype B populations at a frequency >3%, and were also present in the mutant library, had fitness levels that were >40% of WT. However, a substantial fraction of mutations with high fitness did not occur in natural populations, suggesting another form of selection pressure limiting variation in vivo. Additionally, known protective CTL epitopes occurred preferentially in domains of the HIV-1 CA that were even more genetically fragile than HIV-1 CA as a whole. The extreme genetic fragility of HIV-1 CA may be one reason why cell-mediated immune responses to Gag correlate with better prognosis in HIV-1 infection, and suggests that CA is a good target for therapy and vaccination strategies