Design for NVH: topology optimization of an engine bracket support

Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) issues are proven to be the main drivers for customer dissatisfaction in the latest years. This work relies on the framework of Design For X (DFX), specifically, Design for NVH. Main goal of this work was to perform a Topology Optimization (TO) of an engine bracket based on its vibrational behavior, in order to reduce the vibrations transmitted from the engine to the chassis and, consequently, improving the comfort for passengers. In particular, the target function was defined with the aim of increasing the first natural frequency of the bracket, whereas the bracket mass reduction was considered as a constraint function for the TO process. The vibrational characterization of the bracket was based on Frequency Response Function (FRF) analyses which, conducted via FEM (Finite Element Method), allowed to identify the resonant frequencies of the different bracket configurations built up during the TO. The FEM models included the cylinder head, with the related engine bracket support under optimization; the latter is connected to the bracket on which the simulation load was applied. The TO turned out to be effective in lowering the mass of engine bracket support of nearly 20% and, at the same time, increasing the first natural frequency of nearly 10%, this latter result was sufficient to guarantee an improvement of the comfort for passengers

Modelagem e simulação do efeito de parede na transmissão de calor em um forno rotativo utilizado na produção de gesso beta

Orientador: Elias Basile TambourgiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia QuimicaResumo: Os fornos rotativos utilizados para obtenção de gesso beta (CaSO4 .O,5H20), a partir da calcinação do minério de gipsita (CaS04 .2H20), apresentam como principais vantagens em relação aos demais tipos a produção de um gesso mais uniforme, melhor rendimento térmico e facilidade de automação. Contudo, estes fornos tiveram origem em adaptações dos fornos de fabricação de cimento Portland, necessitando de uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos no processo de transferência de calor, para a elaboração de modelos de simulação mais robustos para o dimensionamento adequado em processos de produção de gesso. Como contribuição à literatura desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático, para simular o efeito de parede através de variações do perfil de temperatura no interior do revestimento refratário de um forno rotativo. A instalação de termopares em diferentes distâncias radiais numa dada seção transversal do forno permitiu medidas experimentais para ajuste do modelo matemático proposto e posterior cálculo de propriedades termofísicas do refratário e do fluxo de calor entre a parede e o leito de sólidos. Este último parâmetro foi utilizado na simulação dos perfis de temperatura das fases em escoamento através do forno. O modelo matemático proposto descreve com boa precisão as variações de temperatura a partir da superfície do refratário. Ficou evidenciada a grande contribuição do efeito de parede na recuperação de parte do fluxo de calor normal à parede. Cerca de 70 % da parcela de calor armazenado retoma para o leito de sólidos. Isto, evidencia a necessidade do uso de revestimento refratário em fornos de calcinação de gesso, acenando-se para uma maior economia de energia ao se optar por se trabalhar com fluxos de gases com temperaturas mais baixasAbstract: The rotating kiln used for plaster attainment beta (CaSO 4 . O,5H 20), from the calcination of the crude gypsum ore (CaSO 4 . 2H 20), present as main advantages in relation to the toa much types the production of a plaster more uniform, better thermal efficiency and easiness of automation. However, these ovens had had origin in adaptations of the kilns of manufacture Portland cement, needing one better understanding of the involved phenomena in the process of heat transference, for the elaboration of more robust models of simulation for the sizing adjusted in processes of plaster production. As contribution to literature a mathematical model was developed, to simulate the effect of wall through variations of the profile of temperature in the inward of the refractory covering of a rotating kiln. The installation of thermocouples in different radial pitches in one given transversal section of the oven allowed measured experimental for smoothing of the mathematical model considered and afier calculation of thermophysical properties of refractory and the stream of heat between the wall and the solid stream bed. This last parameter was used in the simulation of the profiles of temperature of the phases in draining through the kiln. The considered mathematical model describes with good accuracy the variations of temperature from the surface of the refractory one. It was evidenced the great contribution of the effect of wall in the backup of part of the stream of heat to the wall. About 70 % the parcel stored heat it returns for the solid stream bed. This, evidences the necessity of the fractory covering use in kilns of plaster calcination, waving itself for a bigger economy of energy to if opting to if working with streams of gases with lower temperaturesDoutoradoSistemas de Processos Quimicos e InformaticaDoutor em Engenharia Químic

Hyperspectral Unmixing Overview: Geometrical, Statistical, and Sparse Regression-Based Approaches

Imaging spectrometers measure electromagnetic energy scattered in their instantaneous field view in hundreds or thousands of spectral channels with higher spectral resolution than multispectral cameras. Imaging spectrometers are therefore often referred to as hyperspectral cameras (HSCs). Higher spectral resolution enables material identification via spectroscopic analysis, which facilitates countless applications that require identifying materials in scenarios unsuitable for classical spectroscopic analysis. Due to low spatial resolution of HSCs, microscopic material mixing, and multiple scattering, spectra measured by HSCs are mixtures of spectra of materials in a scene. Thus, accurate estimation requires unmixing. Pixels are assumed to be mixtures of a few materials, called endmembers. Unmixing involves estimating all or some of: the number of endmembers, their spectral signatures, and their abundances at each pixel. Unmixing is a challenging, ill-posed inverse problem because of model inaccuracies, observation noise, environmental conditions, endmember variability, and data set size. Researchers have devised and investigated many models searching for robust, stable, tractable, and accurate unmixing algorithms. This paper presents an overview of unmixing methods from the time of Keshava and Mustard's unmixing tutorial [1] to the present. Mixing models are first discussed. Signal-subspace, geometrical, statistical, sparsity-based, and spatial-contextual unmixing algorithms are described. Mathematical problems and potential solutions are described. Algorithm characteristics are illustrated experimentally.Comment: This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensin

Gli incantesimi nella poesia popolare finlandese e le sue testualizzazioni

The Kalevala and The Kanteletar are respectively the epic and lyrical collection of poems compiled and heavily edited by the folk poetry collector and philologist Elias Lönnrot (1802-1884). In this paper we present a more authentic form, the original texts of Finnish folk poetry, which can be accessed, for example, through the collection of the Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot I-XXXIV ([1908-1948] 1997, Gli antichi poemi del popolo finlandese I-XXXIV), in which the majority of the original collected Kalevalian folk poetry has been recorded. Although genres, subgenres and topics in the field of folklore have enjoyed different status, one seems particularly interesting to us e.g. that of spells/incantations. It is not only because of the originality of this genre of ritual poetry, but also because it is apparent how nowadays its tradition is very active and productive in different cultural/artistic fields. Within this framework and with particular attention to the healing spells, we present translations of texts not only dating back to ancient material collected in the 19th century, but also from new sources, ranging from the musical field to the very recent spell against the Corona virus.</p

Local manifold learning and its link to domain-based physics knowledge

In many reacting flow systems, the thermo-chemical state-space is known or assumed to evolve close to a low-dimensional manifold (LDM). Various approaches are available to obtain those manifolds and subsequently express the original high-dimensional space with fewer parameterizing variables. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the dimensionality reduction methods that can be used to obtain LDMs. PCA does not make prior assumptions about the parameterizing variables and retrieves them empirically from the training data. In this paper, we show that PCA applied in local clusters of data (local PCA) is capable of detecting the intrinsic parameterization of the thermo-chemical state-space. We first demonstrate that utilizing three common combustion models of varying complexity: the Burke-Schumann model, the chemical equilibrium model and the homogeneous reactor. Parameterization of these models is known a priori which allows for benchmarking with the local PCA approach. We further extend the application of local PCA to a more challenging case of a turbulent non-premixed $n$-heptane/air jet flame for which the parameterization is no longer obvious. Our results suggest that meaningful parameterization can be obtained also for more complex datasets. We show that local PCA finds variables that can be linked to local stoichiometry, reaction progress and soot formation processes

Gestão fiscal e a eficiência do gasto público em educação e saúde nos estados brasileiros

O trabalho analisa o efeito da gestão fiscal sobre a eficiência dos gastos públicos em educação (ensino médio) e saúde nos estados brasileiros. Esta pesquisa tem como suporte as teorias da eficiência do gasto público e da condição financeira. Adotou-se a metodologia DEA com o intuito de analisar se os insumos alocados no sistema de educação e saúde dos estados brasileiros geraram resultados comparativos mais ou menos eficientes. Em seguida, analisou-se os determinantes da eficiência do gasto público a partir de um conjunto de variáveis discricionárias e não discricionárias, por meio da regressão Tobit. Os resultados sugerem que maiores proporções de receitas de arrecadação própria levam à maior eficiência na área de educação. A literatura brasileira apresenta alguns estudos sobre eficiência, mas a análise quanto à condição financeira é pouco difundida. Essa lacuna é parcialmente preenchida com este estudo, que analisa a relação de causa e efeito entre eficiência e condição financeira.Revista do Serviço Público - RSP, v. 73, n. 2, 359-378 p.Análise e Ciência de DadosEducação e DocênciaGestão PúblicaSaúdeISSN Impresso: 0034-9240ISSN Eletrônico: 2357-801

Hydrogeochemical multi-component approach to assess fluids upwelling and mixing in shallow carbonate-evaporitic aquifers (Contursi area, southern Apennines, Italy)

With the aim of deepening our understanding of deep-seated fluids upwelling and mixing in large regional aquifers, we performed a hydrogeochemical study of twenty-two springs in the Contursi area (upper Sele river valley, southern Apennines) by means of the measurements of chemical-physical parameters, major ions, trace elements, and stable and radioactive isotopes. Besides, we realized two updated geo-structural cross-sections in order to reconstruct the groundwater flowpath in the study area. The hydrogeochemical composition, as well as the water temperature allow to identify-three main groups of groundwater: Cold and Low salinity Groundwater (CLGW), Intermediate Salinity Groundwater (ISGW), and Thermal Salinity Groundwater (TSGW). The CLGW group, mostly emerging at the boundary of carbonate aquifers, is characterized by alkaline earth-bicarbonate hydrofacies. Instead, ISGW and TSGW, situated in the inner zone of the valley, show gradually a hydrogeochemical evolution towards sodium-chloride type hydrofacies domain with the highest salinity value. Stable isotope (δ18O-δD) of CLGW reveal the local meteoric origin of groundwater, while isotopic signatures of ISGW and TSGW is associated with the deep fluids inflow. CLGW hydrogeochemistry is clearly related to dissolution of carbonate rocks. On the other hand, for ISGW and TSGW an additional contribution from evaporitic rocks is supported by saturation indices values (gypsum and anhydrite) and validated by isotopic signature of dissolved sulphate (δ34S-δ18O). The application of two models based on tritium data (i.e., the piston-flow and well-mixed reservoir) attributes longer and deeper groundwater flowpaths to TSGW. Through geothermometric calculations (e,g., K-Mg and SiO2-quartz), the equilibrium temperature of deep fluids reservoir is also extrapolated (i.e., 75–96 °C). The results of the adopted hydrogeochemical multi-component approach allowed us to propose an interpretative model of groundwater flowpath for the Contursi area, where deep-seated tectonic discontinuities play a significant role for the upwelling of saline deep thermal fluids in shallow aquifers

Governance in institutional security: strategic tool for generating public value in the institution

O artigo aborda a governança e a gestão estratégica da segurança institucional na perspectiva da análise dos principais resultados voltados à geração de valor público, a partir da experiência no Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 2ª Região. Discute-se a gestão e as ações da segurança institucional, de maneira a expor boas práticas que trazem reflexos positivos para o órgão no alcance de seus objetivos estratégicos e no cumprimento de sua missão institucional. Objetiva-se demonstrar como a atuação da segurança institucional pode gerar valor público à instituição, principalmente por meio da governança, gestão de processos e valorização das pessoas, o que faz da sua atuação uma importante ferramenta de efetividade da justiça. Como técnica de pesquisa, optou-se pela investigação bibliográfica e documental, com utilização do método dedutivo para apresentar conclusões. Após a avaliação das premissas, conclui-se que a governança da segurança institucional associada a boas práticas de gestão, com métodos permanentes e sistemáticos voltados à preservação da integridade das pessoas e do patrimônio, permite a identificação, a avaliação, o acompanhamento e a mitigação de ameaças à instituição, promovendo a independência e a imparcialidade da judicatura, o que promove maior acesso e efetividade da justiça, gerando valor público entregue à sociedade.El artículo aborda la gobernanza y la gestión estratégica de la seguridad institucional en la perspectiva de analizar los principales resultados destinados a generar valor público a partir de la experiencia del Tribunal Laboral Regional de la 2ª Región. Se discuten las acciones y la gestión de la seguridad institucional para exponer las buenas prácticas que traen efectos positivos al organismo para alcanzar sus objetivos estratégicos y cumplir su misión institucional. El objetivo es demostrar cómo el desempeño de la seguridad institucional puede generar valor público para la institución, principalmente a través del gobierno, la gestión de procesos y la valoración de las personas, lo que hace de su desempeño una herramienta importante para la efectividad de la justicia. Como técnica de investigación, se eligió la investigación bibliográfica y documental, utilizando el método deductivo para presentar conclusiones. Después de evaluar las premisas, se concluye que la gobernanza de la seguridad institucional asociada con buenas prácticas de gestión, con métodos permanentes y sistemáticos destinados a preservar la integridad de las personas y los activos, permite la identificación, evaluación, monitoreo y mitigación de amenazas a la institución, promoviendo la independencia y la imparcialidad del poder judicial, lo que permite un mayor acceso y efectividad de la justicia, generando valor público entregado a la sociedad.The article addresses the governance and strategic management of institutional security in the perspective of analyzing the main results aimed at generating public value from the experience at the Regional Labor Court of the 2nd Region. Institutional security management and actions are discussed in order to expose good practices that bring positive effects to the body in reaching its strategic objectives and in fulfilling its institutional mission. The objective is to demonstrate how the performance of institutional security can generate public value for the institution, mainly through governance, process management and valuing people, which makes its performance an important tool for the effectiveness of justice. As a research technique, bibliographic and documentary research data were chosen, using the deductive method to present conclusions. After assessing the premises, it’s been concluded that the governance of institutional security associated with good management practices, with permanent and systematic methods aimed at preserving the integrity of people and assets, allows the identification, evaluation, monitoring and mitigation threats to the institution, promoting the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, allowing greater access and effectiveness of justice, generating public value delivered to society.Revista do Serviço Público - RSP, v. 71, Edição Especial, p. 284-314Análise e Ciência de DadosGestão PúblicaGovernançaISSN Eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN Impresso: 0034-924