Women in (Dis)placement: The Field of Studies on Migrations, Social Remittances, Care and Gender in Chile

This article presents current perspectives on the gender approach to the study of migration in Chile between 1990 and 2018, contextualizing it in light of international debates in the social sciences. We will discuss how the feminization and the growth of Latin American migrations have given rise to a prolific field of research, as exemplified by studies conducted in central and northern Chile. We will show how the concepts of social remittances and caregiving permeate the Chilean debate on migrant women. We conclude with reflections on topics and perspectives to be incorporated into the Chilean research agenda on gender and migration.Se presenta un estado del arte sobre el enfoque de género en los estudios de la migración en Chile entre 1990 y 2018, contextualizándolo a la luz de debates internacionales de las ciencias sociales. Abordaremos cómo la feminización y el incremento de las migraciones latinoamericanas inauguran un prolijo campo de investigaciones, articulado a través de estudios desarrollados en el centro y en el norte de Chile. Señalaremos cómo los conceptos de remesas sociales y cuidados permean el debate chileno sobre las mujeres migrantes. Finalizamos con reflexiones sobre temas y perspectivas a ser incorporados en la agenda chilena de investigaciones sobre género y migración.The authors would like to thank the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) for funding the study that led to this article through Fondecyt Regular Project number 1160683: “Ser Mujer Mayor en Santiago. Organización social de los cuidados, feminización del envejecimiento y desigualdades acumuladas” (“Being an older woman in Santiago. Social organization of care, feminization of ageing and accumulated inequalities”), led by Herminia Gonzálvez Torralbo and Fondecyt Regular Project number 1190056: “The Boundaries of Gender Violence: Migrant Women’s Experiences in South American Border Territories” led by Menara Lube Guizardi

From care drain to care circulation? A symposium on Transnational families, migration and the circulation of care, with contributions from Gioconda Herrera, Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, Eleonore Kofman, Laura Oso and Joan Tronto

In their new book, Baldassar and Merla locate transnational care within the economies of kinship, and define care as a set of activities that flow between home and host countries – across and within generations - and fluctuates over the life course. This approach conceptualizes the mobilities of care in terms of circulation rather than a chain, and offers a complementary perspective on the «care drain». The framework of « circulation » re-conceptualizes transnational processes, going beyond a focus on mother-child relationships to include multidirectional exchanges across generations and between genders, as well as including all types of migratory flows (refugees, economic, professionals). This ‘discussion section’ will present an introductory discussion of the theorization of transnational families and care circulation, followed by comments from five leading scholars: Gioconda Herrera (Flacso-Ecuador) Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo (USC) Eleonore Kofman (Middlesex University) Laura Oso Casas (La Coruna) Joan Tronto (Minnesota University

Una aproximación cualitativa a las remesas de los inmigrantes peruanos y ecuatorianos en España y a su impacto en los hogares transnacionales.

En el presente trabajo pretendemos abordar el alcance y la importancia de la perspectiva transnacional en el estudio de las actuales migraciones internacionales. En concreto, la finalidad del texto es reflexionar sobre el impacto de las remesas monetarias y "sociales" de los migrantes peruanos y ecuatorianos residentes en España, en el seno de los hogares transnacionales

Cyclometalated gold(III) complexes: noticeable differences between (N,C) and (P,C) ligands in migratory insertion

International audienceGold(III) complexes are garnering increasing interest for opto-electronic, therapeutic and catalytic applications. But so far, very little is known about the factors controlling their reactivity and the very influence of the ancillary ligand. This article reports the first comprehensive study on this topic. The reactivity of a cationic (N,C) gold(III) complex, namely 1A, towards ethylene has been thoroughly studied and compared with that of the related (P,C) complex 1C. A cationic gold(III) complex 5A resulting from double insertion of ethylene was selectively obtained. Complex 5A was found to be remarkably stable. It was trapped with chloride and fully characterized. In marked contrast to that observed with 1C, no β-H elimination or linear-to-branched rearrangement of the alkyl chain occurred with 1A. The energy profile for the reactions of 1A with ethylene has been comprehensively investigated computationally, and the influence of the ancillary ligand has been precisely delineated. Because nitrogen is a weaker donor than carbon (and phosphorus), the (N,C) ligand is very electronically dissymmetric, much more than the (P,C) ligand. This makes the two reactive sites at gold quite different, which noticeably influences the competition between migratory insertion and β-H elimination, and actually changes the outcome of the olefin insertion at gold. This study provides valuable insight into the influence of ancillary ligands on gold(III) reactivity, something critical to further develop Au(III) and Au(I)/Au(III) catalysis

Cyclometalated gold(III) complexes : noticeable differences between (N,C) and (P,C) ligands in migratory insertion

Gold(III) complexes are garnering increasing interest for opto-electronic, therapeutic and catalytic applications. But so far, very little is known about the factors controlling their reactivity and the very influence of the ancillary ligand. This article reports the first comprehensive study on this topic. The reactivity of a cationic (N,C) gold(III) complex, namely 1A, towards ethylene has been thoroughly studied and comparedwith that of the related (P,C) complex 1C. A cationicgold(III) complex 5A resulting fromdouble insertion of ethylene was selectively obtained. Complex 5A was found to be remarkably stable. It was trapped with chloride and fully characterized. In marked contrast to that observed with 1C, no b-H elimination or linear-to-branched rearrangement of the alkyl chain occurred with 1A. The energy profile for the reactions of 1A with ethylene has been comprehensively investigated computationally, and the influence of the ancillary ligand has been precisely delineated. Because nitrogen is a weaker donor than carbon (and phosphorus), the (N,C) ligand is very electronically dissymmetric, much more than the (P,C) ligand. This makes the two reactive sites at gold quite different, which noticeably influences the competition between migratory insertion and b-H elimination, and actually changes the outcome of the olefin insertion at gold. This study provides valuable insight into the influence of ancillary ligands on gold(III) reactivity, something critical to further develop Au(III) and Au(I)/Au(III) catalysis

A representação audiovisual das mulheres migradas The audiovisual representation of migrant women

Neste artigo analiso as representações sobre as mulheres migradas nos fundos audiovisuais de algumas entidades que trabalham com gênero e imigração em Barcelona. Por haver detectado nos audiovisuais analisados uma associação recorrente das mulheres migradas à pobreza, à criminalidade, à ignorância, à maternidade obrigatória e numerosa, à prostituição etc., busquei entender como tais representações tomam forma, estudando os elementos narrativos, estilísticos, visuais e verbais através dos quais se articulam essas imagens e discursos sobre as mulheres migradas.<br>In this paper I analyze the representations of the migrant women at the audiovisual founds in some of the organizations that work with gender and immigration in Barcelona. At the audiovisuals I have found a recurring association of the migrant women with poverty, criminality, ignorance, passivity, undocumentation, gender violence, compulsory and numerous motherhood, prostitution, etc. Thus, I tried to understand the ways in which these representations are shaped, studying the narrative, stylistic, visual and verbal elements through which these images and discourses of the migrant women are articulated