Climate preferences for hiking in Spain: preliminary results

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto dar a conocer una primera aproximación inédita sobre las preferencias climáticas para la práctica del senderismo en España. Para ello se ha puesto en práctica la técnica de la encuesta, procedimiento de uso habitual en climatología turística. El cuestionario se ha elaborado teniendo en cuenta el marco teórico y metodológico en climatología turística, basado en la influencia de las facetas atmosféricas en el disfrute, confort, salud y riesgo de los turistas. Los resultados reflejan ciertas particularidades en las preferencias climáticas de quiénes practican el senderismo sobre otras actividades turísticas. En futuros trabajos se pretende seguir ahondando en el conocimiento de la relación clima-senderismo.This study is the first of its kind in addressing the climatic preferences for hiking in Spain. To do so, the survey technique has been used, which is a procedure that is commonly used in tourism climatology. The design of the questionnaire takes into account the theoretical and methodological framework in tourism climatology, based on the influence that atmospheric facets have on the enjoyment, comfort, health and risk of the tourists. The results reflect certain peculiarities in the climatic preferences of those who practice hiking in relation to other tourist activities. In future research we will continue working on expanding our knowledge of the relationship between climate and hiking

AulaTIG. Nuevas tecnologías de información geográfica (TIGs) para la docencia en Geografía Física: drones, podcasts y SIGs como herramientas para la elaboración de material didáctico audiovisual y cartográfico digital

La presente memoria final corresponde al proyecto PID 22-167 titulado: "AulaTIG. Nuevas tecnologías de información geográfica (TIGs) para la docencia en Geografía Física: drones, podcasts y SIGs como herramientas para la elaboración de material didáctico audiovisual y cartográfico digital". El objetivo general de este trabajo ha sido crear contenido audiovisual original y atractivo que pudiese servir como complemento a la docencia teórica y, especialmente, práctica en aquellas materias en las que la Geografía Física tuviese un papel destacado. Al mismo tiempo, el material generado se concibe como un recurso divulgativo de gran interés para la sociedad en su conjunto, pues permite el conocimiento de las principales dimensiones geográficas físicas de diferentes territorios de la región andaluza, y especialmente de la provincia de Granada. Tal y como se contemplaba desde un principio, buena parte del contenido audiovisual creado se ha apoyado en planos aéreos filmados con drones, lo que ha posibilitado la obtención de perspectivas territoriales novedosas y muy útiles para la comprensión de determinados elementos y procesos físicos relacionados con la geografía física del lugar. Todo el material generado podrá ser implementado a partir del próximo curso académico (2023-2024).Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Físic

Study of the electronic control and energy management of a battery system for particular use

[ES] El concepto de batería surge ante la necesidad de domar a la electricidad, de retener su potencial y de saber cómo utilizarlo posteriormente. Por ello, el primer capítulo de este estudio se destina al análisis de la trayectoria y del funcionamiento de las baterías, centrándose posteriormente en uso particular. El ámbito doméstico, junto con los vehículos eléctricos; es uno de los sectores que más está evolucionando en lo referente a baterías. La causa viene dada por la cada vez más necesaria transición energética que, en los temas mencionados anteriormente, tiene como objetivo la sustitución de los vehículos de combustión interna a la vez que gestionar los excedentes de generación renovable para su máximo aprovechamiento. Para ello, se estudiará el caso de una vivienda estándar que cuente con un sistema de generación renovable fotovoltaica combinado con un sistema de almacenamiento de tecnología ion-litio. No obstante, para que estos sistemas alcancen una eficiencia óptima; es necesario un profundo estudio que permitan establecer unas técnicas de control y monitorización avanzadas. De esta manera, se mejorará el rendimiento de la instalación a la vez que se cuida por la seguridad y prolongación de su vida útil. Por otra parte, se contemplan las actuales tarifas de la energía de cara a su uso inteligente en caso de instalación híbrida conectada a la red eléctrica pública. Por último, se cierra el trabajo con un análisis y recomendaciones de buenas prácticas que resultarían clave para el óptimo mantenimiento del sistema de baterías de cara al futuro.[EN] The concept of battery appeared from the need of manage the electricity, keep its potential and know how to use it in the future. Due to this reason, the first chapter of this study is dedicated to the analysis of the trajectory and the operation of the batteries, focusing later on the particular use. The domestic field in addition to electric vehicles is one of the most evolutive sectors referring to batteries. The reason is due to the increasingly necessary energy transition which, in the in the above-mentioned areas, has as scope the substitution of the internal combustion vehicles as well as the maximization of renewable energy production. To reach that, a case of a standard housing with photovoltaic renewable generation combined with a lithium-ion technology storage system. Nevertheless, for these systems to achieve optimum efficiency; a deep study that enables the establishment of control and monitoring of advanced techniques is needed. In this way, the performance of the installation will improve at the same time ensuring safety and extending its lifetime. On the other hand, the electricity tariffs of energy are discussed for smart usage in case of a hybrid installation connected to the public electricity grid. Last but not least, the paper is concluded with an analysis and recommendations of essential practices that are key for the optimal maintenance of the battery system in the future

La pedoantracología en España: una revisión bibliográfica

Pedoanthracology is defined as the search, treatment and taxonomic analysis of charcoal from burned woody vegetation in non-archaelogical soils. Its applications have allowed studying a wide spectrum of topics, especially when it has been part of multidisciplinary paleoecological approaches. In general terms, this methodology has shown growing interest within paleoecological disciplines, although there are currently enormous territorial differences, such that France –a pioneer territory in the application of this methodology– is the country where a large part of pedoanthracological publications in Europe are written. In others, such as Spain, its application in Pyrenees, Central System, Baetic System and Cantabrian Range has been relatively recent, neither its trajectory nor its current status being known. For this reason, this work presents a detailed and comparative analysis of all those investigations of a pedoanthracological nature carried out, which has allowed us to know what the most relevant conclusions obtained by the different working groups have been. This analysis has shown that it is a methodology that has obtained results of great interest when solving classical phytosociological debates, reconstructing old species distribution areas or determining changes in the treeline, results that can contribute and can continue contributing to development of more effective sustainable forest management. Also, the future of the discipline shows a progressive advance towards others mountain systems, confirming that it is a methodology that has managed to earn its place within paleoecological disciplines.La pedoantracología se define como la búsqueda, tratamiento y análisis taxonómico de carbón procedente de vegetación leñosa incendiada en suelos no arqueológicos. Sus aplicaciones han permitido cubrir un amplio espectro de temáticas, sobre todo cuando ha formado parte de aproximaciones paleoecológicas multidisciplinares. En líneas generales, esta metodología ha manifestado un interés creciente dentro de las disciplinas paleoecológicas, aunque actualmente existen enormes diferencias territoriales, de manera que Francia –territorio pionero en la aplicación de esta metodología–produce buena parte de las publicaciones pedoantracológicas europeas. En España, su aplicación en Pirineos, Sistema Central, Cordillera Bética y Cordillera Cantábrica ha sido relativamente reciente, no conociéndose en consecuencia ni su trayectoria ni su estado actual. Por ello, en este trabajo se presenta un análisis detallado y comparativo de todas aquellas investigaciones de carácter pedoantracológico llevadas a cabo en este último país, lo que ha permitido conocer cuáles han sido las conclusiones más relevantes obtenidas por los diferentes grupos de trabajo. Este análisis ha puesto de manifiesto que se trata de una metodología que ha obtenido resultados de gran interés a la hora de resolver debates fitosociológicos clásicos, reconstruir antiguas áreas de distribución de especies o determinar cambios en el límite superior del bosque, resultados que han contribuido y pueden seguir contribuyendo al desarrollo de una gestión forestal sostenible más eficaz. Por su parte, el futuro de la disciplina muestra un progresivo avance hacia otros sistemas montañosos, constatando que se trata de una metodología que ha sabido ganarse su lugar dentro de las disciplinas paleoecológicas

The history of Abies pinsapo during the Holocene in southern Spain, based on pedoanthracological analysis

The results of this research are part of the contract for Formacion de Profesorado Universitario (University Teacher Training) (Ref. 18/03023) financed by the Ministerio de Educacion del Gobierno de Espana (Ministry of Education of the Government of Spain), and research projects PALEOPINSAPO (CSO2017-83576-P), Med-Refugia (Ref. RTI2018-101714-B-I00), Oromed-Refugia (Ref. P18-RT-4963) and Relic-Flora 2 (Ref. B-RNM-404-UGR18), dependents on the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad del Gobierno de Espana y la Junta de Andalucia (Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain and the Regional Government of Andalusia.The aim of this research is to reconstruct the ancient distribution area of Abies pinsapo Boiss. (Spanish fir) in the Serranía de Ronda region, southern Spain, during the Holocene. The main method was pedoanthracological analysis, the study of non-archaeological charcoal found in natural soils. In this research a total of 37 soil excavations were done in several mountain ranges with potentially favourable places for firs to have grown in the past. Specific sites and places such as hillsides, endorheic basins (with no outflow), sinkholes, summits and mountain passes were selected on the basis of evidence from a range of different sources including ancient documents, pollen studies and species distribution models. The soil samples collected from these sites were prepared in the laboratory and the charcoal was identified and radiocarbon dated. Statistical and cartographic analyses were also done. The study revealed evidence of past populations of Abies sp. in places where it is no longer found today. A total of 47 different chronologies were obtained from these sites with ages ranging between 9,931 cal bp and 78 cal bp. In addition, the wide variations in the charcoal values enabled us to make an initial estimate of the importance of ancient forest fires in different places in the Serranía de Ronda. When this information has been considered with all the other available data sources, it will be an essential resource for the efficient management of relict fir woods in southern Spain.Ministerio de Educacion del Gobierno de Espana (Ministry of Education of the Government of Spain) 18/03023dependents on the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad del Gobierno de Espana y la Junta de Andalucia (Ministry of the Economy) CSO2017-83576-P RTI2018-101714-B-I00 P18-RT-4963 B-RNM-404-UGR18Junta de AndaluciaCompetitiveness of the Government of Spai

Paleopopulations and ecological connectivity in the Natura 2000 Network: proposal for the serpentine‑soil Spanish firs of Sierra Bermeja (Serranía de Ronda)

Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Granada/ CBUA. This research has been supported by a contract for Univer- sity Teacher Training (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) (Ref. 18/03023) from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes del Gobierno de España), and research projects financed by the State Research Agency (SRA) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): PALEOPINSAPO (CSO2017-83576-P), MED-REFUGIA (RTI2018-101714-B-I00) and TED2021-132631B-I00; Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation: Oromed-Refugia (P18-RT- 4963); and ERDF Opera- tional Programme in Andalusia (EU regional programme): ForestMed (A-RNM-688-UGR20).One of the conservation priorities of the Natura 2000 Network is the ecological connectivity of forests and species of com- munity interest to facilitate compliance with the obligations of the EU Habitats Directive. The location of paleo-populations and past distribution areas is a first step towards creating an ecological corridor which, with the protection enjoyed by Special Areas of Conservation, could positively impact the resilience of forest species in the face of Climate Change. The endangered relict forests of Spanish fir (Abies pinsapo) are endemic in the Serranía de Ronda (Baetic Cordillera, Southern Spain) and form a highly fragmented habitat of community interest. Amongst these forests, the Spanish fir forests that grow on serpentine soils are particularly interesting. This ultramafic mountain range has suffered the highest recurrence of forest fires in all the Serranía de Ronda, and as a result, the Spanish fir forests have been subject to processes of local extinction throughout history. In this research, we used pedoanthracology to uncover ancient locations of Abies pinsapo; in this way, forest fires are the main cause of the disappearance of this emblematic species in Sierra Bermeja, and their charcoal remains allowed us to make a precise reconstruction of its past distribution area. On the basis of the data obtained, an ecological corridor linking these relict forests was proposed. This corridor has now begun to be implemented with the participation of public and private social agents.Universidad de Granada/CBUASpanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deportes del Gobierno de Espana) 18/03023State Research Agency (SRA)European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): PALEOPINSAPO CSO2017-83576-PEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF): MED-REFUGIA RTI2018-101714-B-I00European Commission TED2021-132631B-I00Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation: Oromed-Refugia P18-RT- 4963ERDF Operational Programme in Andalusia (EU regional programme): ForestMed (A-RNM-688-UGR2

Climate Preferences for Tourism: Perceptions Regarding Ideal and Unfavourable Conditions for Hiking in Spain

Physical activity is an increasingly frequent part of our leisure time. Within this context, hiking is a popular form of tourism which has a positive impact on the quality of life. In spite of the importance of climate conditions for this recreational activity, relatively little research has been done on hiking from the perspective of climate and tourism. With this in mind in this paper we make the first detailed extensive assessment of climate preferences for the practice of hiking tourism in Spain. To this end a review of the theoretical/methodological body of literature on tourism climatology was conducted together with a survey aimed at evaluating the stated climate preferences of hiking tourists. The results are offered within the framework of international research on climate preferences for a range of tourism activities. The comparative analysis of these results with regard to those obtained in previous research highlights various similarities but also certain factors specific to hiking in Spain. Overall, the climate preferences of hiking tourists are similar to those of other segments of the tourism market in terms of the aesthetic and physical aspects of the climate, although they also have certain specific preferences as regards thermal aspects, especially regarding the optimal daily thermal conditions for hiking. The results obtained are useful for assessing the suitability of the climate for the practice of hiking tourism in Spain and for promoting proper management and planning of this leisure activity in tourist destinations, including the development of climate calendars detailing the most suitable times of the year for hiking at these destinations. These issues will be addressed in future research studies

Climate Preferences for Tourism: Perceptions Regarding Ideal and Unfavourable Conditions for Hiking in Spain

Physical activity is an increasingly frequent part of our leisure time. Within this context, hiking is a popular form of tourism which has a positive impact on the quality of life. In spite of the importance of climate conditions for this recreational activity, relatively little research has been done on hiking from the perspective of climate and tourism. With this in mind in this paper we make the first detailed extensive assessment of climate preferences for the practice of hiking tourism in Spain. To this end a review of the theoretical/methodological body of literature on tourism climatology was conducted together with a survey aimed at evaluating the stated climate preferences of hiking tourists. The results are offered within the framework of international research on climate preferences for a range of tourism activities. The comparative analysis of these results with regard to those obtained in previous research highlights various similarities but also certain factors specific to hiking in Spain. Overall, the climate preferences of hiking tourists are similar to those of other segments of the tourism market in terms of the aesthetic and physical aspects of the climate, although they also have certain specific preferences as regards thermal aspects, especially regarding the optimal daily thermal conditions for hiking. The results obtained are useful for assessing the suitability of the climate for the practice of hiking tourism in Spain and for promoting proper management and planning of this leisure activity in tourist destinations, including the development of climate calendars detailing the most suitable times of the year for hiking at these destinations. These issues will be addressed in future research studies.This research has been conducted within the framework of the R+D+i project with reference number CSO2017-88935-R (funded as part of the Spanish National R&D&I Plan of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and with the support of the research groups 2017 SGR 25 (Grup de Recerca Consolidat Territori, Turisme, Canvi Climàtic) and SEJ170 (Paisaje, Planificación Territorial y Desarrollo Local)

Influence of transition cost in the segmentation stage of speaker diarization

In any speaker diarization system there is a segmentation phase and a clustering phase. Our system uses them in a single step in which segmentation and clustering are used iteratively until certain condition is met. In this paper we propose an improvement of the segmentation method that cancels a penalization that had been applied in previous works to any transition between speakers. We also study the performance when transitions between speakers are favoured instead of penalized. This last option achieves better results both for the development set (21.65 % relative speaker error improvementSER) and for the test set (4.60% relative speaker error improvement

The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter- gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol)

This work was supported by the project “De los museos al territorio: actualizando el estudio de la Cueva de los Murciélagos de Albuñol (Granada)” (MUTERMUR) (Referencia CM/JIN/2021-009) financed by the program of Young Researchers of Comunidad de Madrid (directed by F.M.-S. as the principal investigator). J.S. is funded by Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-028346) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). M.C. is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2019-026697-I) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). R.P.H., M.H.-O., and A.P.P. are members of the research group 2021-SGR 00190 funded by the AGAUR. R.P.H. is an ICREA academia researcher. M.M.-S. was funded by the Beatriz Galindo program as Junior Distinguished Researcher (BG20/00076).Supplementary TextPlant material culture can offer unique insights into the ways of life of prehistoric societies; however, its perishable nature has prevented a thorough understanding of its diverse and complex uses. Sites with exceptional preservation of organic materials provide a unique opportunity for further research. The burial site of Cueva de los Murciélagos in southern Iberia, uncovered during 19th-century mining activities, contained the best-preserved hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, together with other unique organic artifacts associated with the first farming communities, such as sandals and a wooden hammer. We present 14 14C dates for the perishable artifacts (N = 76), situating the assemblage between the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 7500 to 4200 cal BCE). Our integrated analysis includes raw material determination and technological and chrono-cultural contextualization of this unique and important set of materials.Comunidad de Madrid CM/JIN/2021-009MCIN Ramon y Cajal fellowship RYC2019-028346, RYC2019-026697-IAGAUR. R.P.H. 2021-SGR 00190Junior Distinguished Researcher BG20/0007