Diferencias en memoria, afrontamiento y agresividad entre mujeres futbolistas, no futbolistas y hombres

Onzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2005-2006)La idea de pensar que las mujeres que practican fútbol obtienen puntuaciones psicológicas diferenciadas del resto de mujeres, puede tener relevancia para la labor de un psicólogo en el ámbito aplicado. Se han encontrado varios estudios que intentan discernir las diferencias de género, pero tan solo un único trabajo que tiene en cuenta posibles diferencias entre ambos tipos de mujeres. Además, en algunos de ellos se resalta la necesidad de mayores investigaciones al respecto. Para ello, hemos obtenido 3 muestras de sujetos (25 hombres, 29 mujeres y 24 mujeres futbolistas) de edades comprendidas entre 16 y 26 años, de la Comunidad Valenciana y de la Comunidad de Aragón. Se midieron tres variables en las que, en estudios anteriores, se han encontrado diferencias de género. Estas son la memoria de trabajo, los estilos de afrontamiento y la agresividad. Éstas fueron obtenidas mediante los tests Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Adultos (WAIS-III), Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) y Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), respectivamente. Las diferencias predichas entre mujer y mujer futbolista se han encontrado únicamente en Memoria de Trabajo, no difiriendo éstas últimas de los hombres y una vez controlado el efecto de la edad. Además, se han replicado las diferencias de género en agresividad de tipo física y en los estilos de afrontamiento “buscar apoyo social” e “invertir en amigos íntimos”. A modo exploratorio se han encontrado nuevas diferencias significativas de género, en los estilos de afrontamiento “fijarse en lo positivo” y “buscar ayuda profesional” utilizando técnicas de comparación a posteriori

Dosis medias y altas de cafeína no revierten la incoordinación motora producida por alcohol en ratones

En los últimos años, el consumo de las bebidas energéticas ha incrementado notablemente, así como su concentración de cafeína. Con frecuencia, estas bebidas se consumen junto a grandes cantidades de alcohol con el objetivo de reducir la sedación y la incoordinación producida por esta sustancia. Uno de los mecanismos de acción del alcohol sobre el sistema nervioso central (snc) es el incremento del tono adenosinérgico, el cual puede estar mediando los efectos sedativos e incoordinantes observados tras su consumo. Por otra parte, la cafeína es una metilxantina que actúa como un antagonista no selectivo de los receptores de adenosina a1 y a2A. Con el objetivo de estudiar la interacción entre la cafeína y el alcohol en la incoordinación motora, en el presente estudio con ratones, se administró cafeína de manera aguda y se evaluó su impacto sobre los efectos incoordinantes producidos por el alcohol recibido también de manera aguda, o en animales que han estado pre-expuestos repetidamente a alcohol. Las dosis de ethanol utilizadas en estos experimentos produjeron incoordinación motora, mientras que las dosis de cafeína utilizadas mostraron una tendencia no significativa a mejorar dicha ejecución. La cafeína no revirtió la incoordinación motora inducida por alcohol, independientemente del patrón de administración agudo o repetido. Así pues, dosis medias y altas de cafeína no demuestran un efecto terapéutico sobre el deterioro motor producido por el alcohol.Energy drinks are highly consumed beverages rich in caffeine. In humans, energy drinks are very frequently consumed with alcohol in order to reduce the sedation and incoordination induced by high doses of this drug of abuse. Both drugs have shown to exert that increases the adenosinergic tone, and this effect is thought to mediate the sedative and incoordinating effects observed after alcohol consumption. On the other hand, caffeine is a methylxanthine that acts as a non-selective adenosine antagonist, binding to the two main types of adenosine receptors present in the cns: the A1 and A2A subtypes. The aim of the present study was to fold: to explore the effect of an acute caffeine administration (15 or 30 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally, IP) on the incoordination effects of ethanol, and to study the acute effect of this methylxanthine in animals that had been repeatedly pre-exposed to ethanol before being tested. The acute administration of ethanol (1.5 g/kg, IP) produced motor impairment in the rotarod when is compared to the control vehicle group. However, caffeine was unable to reverse the impairing effects of an acute dose of ethanol, and did not improved the ataxia produced by a repeated administration of ethanol (1.5 g/kg). Thus, these results show that the non-selective adenosine antagonist caffeine at moderate to high doses (15 and 30 mg/kg) is not efficacious at counteracting the incoordination produced by alcohol in mice, neither after acute, nor after repeated pre-exposure to alcohol

Elegir entre consumir dulces o hacer ejercicio depende de la modulación dopaminérgica en el circuito cerebral que regula la motivación

Introducción: Los organismos continuamente toman decisiones basadas en el valor de los reforzadores y los costes que suponen las respuestas para conseguirlos. La magnitud del esfuerzo que la conducta a ejecutar requiere, influye en esas decisiones. La dopamina (da) en el núcleo accumbens (Nacb), es uno de los neurotransmisores centrales en la regulación de la toma de decisiones basada en el esfuerzo. La adenosina es un neuromodulador cuyos receptores interactúan de manera antagonística con los receptores de da en el Nacb y otras estructuras del circuito motivacional. Métodos: Ratones carentes del receptor a2A (a2Arko) o sus controles recibieron haloperidol, un antagonista de los receptores de da d2, los cuales están co-localizados con los receptores de adenosina a2A, y fueron evaluados en un paradigma de elección entre reforzadores. Se evaluaron dos aspectos fundamentales de la motivación: aspectos activacionales y direccionales. Resultados: En el laberinto en T los animales control eligieron pasar más tiempo corriendo en una rueda de actividad que consumiendo comida dulce. El antagonista de los receptores d2 redujo esta preferencia haciendo que los animales consumieran más dulces. Esto no es un fenómeno de saciedad, ya que cuando a los animales, previamente al test, se les dejaba saciarse de correr y de comer dulce, reducían su contacto con ambos reforzadores. Los animales a2Arko fueron resistentes a los efectos del haloperidol y no redujeron su preferencia por correr en detrimento del consumo de dulces. Discusión: Estos datos pueden contribuir al conocimiento de los mecanismos implicados en síndromes como la anergia que aparece en muchas patologías tales como la depresión.Introduction: Organisms continuously make decisions based on the value of a reward and the costs to get it. The magnitude of the effort required to procure the reward influences those decisions. Dopamine (da) in the motivational circuit, and spcecifically in nucleus accumbens (Nacb), is one of the key neurotransmitters involved in effort-based decision making. da d2 receptors are colocalized with adenosine a2A receptors and they interact in an antagonistic manner. Methods: Wild type (wt) and a2A receptor knockout (a2Arko) mice were used to explore DAergic involvement in the activational and directional components of motivated behaviors when multiple reinforcers are available. Results: A T-maze task was developed for the assessment of preference between physical activity (wheel running) in one arm and a dish with freely available sucrose pellets in the other. Under basal conditions, wt mice spent more time running and less consuming sucrose. After receiving haloperidol wt animals spent less time running, but increased time consuming sucrose and the amount consumed. a2Arko mice did not shift to the less effort-requiring reinforcer, although, like the WT mice, they did reduce sucrose consumption when sucrose was devalued after free sucrose consumption. Discussion: Adenosine a2Arko mice show resistance to the effects of haloperidol. These results indicate that after da antagonism, the preference for vigorous physical activity is reduced, while sucrose reinforcement remains intact. These data may contribute to our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in syndromes such as anergy shown in many pathologies such as depression

Global Cognitive Functioning versus Controlled Functioning throughout the Stages of Development

According to the All or None Hypothesis (Diamond, 2009), the cognitive system can operate in a global manner that is not very discriminate or in a more discriminate mode that demands greater precision, control, and cognitive effort. There are five corollaries to this hypothesis that describe, in an operative way, the conditions under which the controlled mode of functioning in the cognitive domain can be activated and thus tested. Given the impact this theory has generated and the absence of studies analyzing the corollaries in a collective and systematic way at different stages of development, this study was proposed, first of all, to test three of these corollaries in children, adolescents and adults and, secondly, to analyze the changes in the controlled mode of functioning during these three stages of development. To this end, the Fingers Task, a modified version of Arrows Task (with two rules: response ipsilateral where the stimulus is presented, symmetry; and response contralateral, asymmetry), was administered to a sample of 123 participants (43 children, 44 adolescents, and 36 adults). In general, the results verify the corollaries and identify the changes that the controlled mode of functioning experiences at di erent stages of development

Search for heavy stable charged particles in pp collisions at ?s = 7 TeV

The result of a search at the LHC for heavy stable charged particles produced in pp collisions at s?=7TeV is described. The data sample was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb?1. Momentum and ionization-energy-loss measurements in the inner tracker detector are used to identify tracks compatible with heavy slow-moving particles. Additionally, tracks passing muon identification requirements are also analyzed for the same signature. In each case, no candidate passes the selection, with an expected background of less than 0.1 events. A lower limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of a stable gluino is set at 398GeV/c 2, using a conventional model of nuclear interactions that allows charged hadrons containing this particle to reach the muon detectors. A lower limit of 311 GeV/c 2 is also set for a stable gluino in a conservative scenario of complete charge suppression, where any hadron containing this particle becomes neutral before reaching the muon detectors.We are grateful to Anna Kulesza and Michael Krämer for providing the theoretical production cross sections and associated uncertainties at next-to-leading order for pair production of eg and ˜t1. We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Search for resonances in the dilepton mass distribution in pp collisions at √s = 7TeV

A search for narrow resonances at high mass in the dimuon and dielectron channels has been performed by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, using pp collision data recorded at √s = 7TeV. The event samples correspond to integrated luminosities of 40 pb−1 in the dimuon channel and 35 pb−1 in the dielectron channel. Heavy dilepton resonances are predicted in theoretical models with extra gauge bosons (Z′) or as Kaluza-Klein graviton excitations (GKK) in the Randall-Sundrum model. Upper limits on the inclusive cross section of Z′(GKK) ! ℓ+ℓ− relative to Z ! ℓ+ℓ− are presented. These limits exclude at 95% confidence level a Z′ with standard-model-like couplings below 1140 GeV, the superstring-inspired Z′ ψ below 887 GeV, and, for values of the coupling parameter k/MPl of 0.05 (0.1), Kaluza-Klein gravitons below 855 (1079) GeV.We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Search for a W'' boson decaying to a muon and a neutrino in pp collisions at vs=7 TeV

A new heavy gauge boson, , decaying to a muon and a neutrino, is searched for in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb?1. No significant excess of events above the standard model expectation is found in the transverse mass distribution of the muon?neutrino system. Masses below 1.40 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level for a sequential standard-model-like . The mass lower limit increases to 1.58 TeV when the present analysis is combined with the CMS result for the electron channel.We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Search for resonances in the dijet mass spectrum from 7 TeV pp collisions at CMS

A search for narrow resonances with a mass of at least 1 TeV in the dijet mass spectrum is performed using pp collisions at ?s = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb?1, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. No resonances are observed. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are presented on the product of the resonance cross section, branching fraction into dijets, and acceptance, separately for decays into quark?quark, quark?gluon, and gluon?gluon pairs. The data exclude new par- ticles predicted in the following models at the 95% confidence level: string resonances with mass less than 4.00 TeV, E6 diquarks with mass less than 3.52 TeV, excited quarks with mass less than 2.49 TeV, axigluons and colorons with mass less than 2.47 TeV, and W? bosons with mass less than 1.51 TeV. These results extend previous exclusions from the dijet mass search technique.We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). We thank Can Kilic for calculations of the string resonance cross section

Search for a heavy bottom-like quark in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV.

A search for pair-produced bottom-like quarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV is conducted with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The decay b’→tW is considered in this search. The b’b ̅→tW−.t ̅W+ process can be identified by the distinctive signature of trileptons and same-sign dileptons. With a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb−1, no excess above the standard model background predictions is observed and a b_ quark with a mass between 255 and 361 GeV/c2 is excluded at the 95% confidence level.We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Search for microscopic black hole signatures at the Large Hadron Collider

A search for microscopic black hole production and decay in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been conducted by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb?1. Events with large total transverse energy are analyzed for the presence of multiple high-energy jets, leptons, and photons, typical of a signal expected from a microscopic black hole. Good agreement with the standard model backgrounds, dominated by QCD multijet production, is observed for various final-state multiplicities and model-independent limits on new physics in these final states are set. Using simple semi-classical approximation, limits on the minimum black hole mass are derived as well, in the range 3.5?4.5 TeV. These are the first direct limits on black hole production at a particle accelerator.We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)