Problems of interpritation signs ans symbols in the process of crosscultural interaction

The article outlines the main differences between the sign and symbol. Examines various scientific approaches to the analysis of the essence of the character. The basic character traits. The attention is paid to the social nature of the origin of the symbol. Identifies the main problems faced by the communication. Discusses aspects of successful cross-cultural communication. Identifies the need for knowledge a reality for the successful sociokulturonoj mezkultutnom interaction.В статье определяются основные различия между знаком и символом. Анализируются различные научные подходы к анализу сущности символа. Рассматриваются основные признаки символа. Акцентируется внимание на социальном характере происхождения символа. Определяются основные проблемы, с которым сталкиваются участники коммуникационного взаимодействия. Рассматриваются аспекты успешной кросс-культурной коммуникации. Определяется необходимость знания иной социокультурной реальности для успешного межкультурного взаимодействия

Control of the enlisted potential of the higher school: problems and the prospects

In the article the problems of control of the enlisted potential of higher school in connection with the renovation of normative lawful reports in the sphere of labor, formation and science are examined. Some problems in the sphere of control of cadreresources and the regulation of the labor of pedagogical workers in the system of higher education are determined. Are designated the prospects of introducing the effective contract and the reasons, which impede its introduction.Рассматриваются вопросы управления кадровым потенциалом высшей школы в связи с обновлением нормативных правовых актов в сфере труда, образования и науки. Определены некоторые проблемы в сфере управления кадровыми ресурсами и регулирования труда педагогических работников в системе высшего образования. Обозначены перспективы внедрения эффективного контракта и причины, препятствующие его внедрению

Ferroelectric nanocomposites based on polymer ferroelectrics and graphene/oxide graphene: Computer modeling and SPFM experiments

The authors are thankful to the Russian Science Foundation (RSF grant # 16-19-10112) and to the Russian Foundation for Basic Researches (RFBR grants # 16-51-53917) for support. Prof. Xiang-Jian Meng expresses his gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) for support of the project: "The study on the new type of infrared detector based on ferroelectric tunnel junction"

Piezoelectric, ferroelectric, optoelectronic and photo-catalytic phenomena from defect levels in hydroxyapatite by first-principles

The authors thank the Russian Foundation for Basic Researches (RFBR grant 19-01-00519 A) and to the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through project UID/CTM/50025/2013

Peculiarities of immunological manifestations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the presence of chronic infection with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> variant encoding cytotoxin-associated gene A

The study aimed to evaluate the association between cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody seropositivity and chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined 92 women with moderate RA activity. Serum antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (antiCCP), antibodies to H. pylori (anti-H. pylori-IgG), and total antibodies to H. pylori CagA antigen (antiCagA) were determined by enzyme immunoassay; the presence of anti-CagA-IgG positivity was confirmed by immunoblot. 68.5% of RA patients were positive for anti-H. pylori-IgG, and 44.4% of patients in this group were positive for anti-CagA-IgG. All the study participants were divided into three groups: I – H. pylori seronegative (H. pylori- ); II – H. pylori positive, CagA negative (H. pylori+/CagA- ); III – H. pylori positive and CagA positive (CagA+). The anti-CCP values in RA patients with CagA+ (group III) were significantly higher not only in comparison with patients seronegative for H. pylori (p &lt; 0.001), but also in comparison with patients from group II (H. pylori+/CagA- ) (p = 0.041). A study of the influence of the RA activity, the presence of RF and H. pylori on anti-CCP content demonstrated a small proportion of anti-CCP variability (R2 = 0.09), with a high contribution of H. pylori (beta = 0.25). The addition of the CagA(+) index (beta = 0.503) to the presented model allowed us to describe the variability of anti-CCP in almost 30% of cases (R2 = 0.29). In the group of RA patients with anti-CCP values exceeding the established threshold value of 20 U/mL (normal index), there was an increase in the proportion of patients infected with H. pylori (p &lt; 0.001), but not the proportion of CagA-positive patients (p = 0.06). When the threshold level was increased to 60 U/mL (three times the upper limit of normal) in patients with significantly high anti-CCP, the association with positivity for CagA became significant (p = 0.005). CagA is highly immunogenic and is capable of inducing an inflammatory response in the host that goes beyond the effect of H. pylori itself. Additional experimental studies are needed to investigate possible clinical and laboratory associations that may influence the treatment tactics of CagA+ patients with RA who are seropositive for anti-citrullinated antibodies, as well as to evaluate the possible effects of therapeutic intervention aimed at the eradication of H. pylori in this group

The balance of elements in the system “Luvic Chernozems – agricultural plants” on the Plavsk upland (Tula region of Russia)

To assess the transfer of macro (K, P, S, Mg, Ca, as well as Si, Na, Fe, Al, Mn and Ti) and microelements (Zn, Ba, Cu, Sr, Mo, as well as As, Zr, Pb, Co, Ni, V and Cr) from Luvic Chernozems (Aric, Loamic, Pachic) into agricultural plants, we studied the inventories of chemical elements in three agrocenoses (wheat, soybean, Galega orientalis Lam. and Bromopsis inermis Leyss grass mixtures) from the Plavsk upland (Tula Region). This territory is subjected to intensive industrial and agricultural impacts: it is 40 km away from the town of Shchekino with a nitrogen fertilizer plant and a thermal power plant, 60 km away from Tula with large metallurgical enterprises, 70 km away from the town of Novomoskovsk with several chemical enterprises and state district power plant. In soils, the total content of elements was determined by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The elemental composition of plants after autoclave decomposition with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide and the content of the bioavailable fraction (extracted by an ammonium acetate buffer with pH 4.8) of elements in soil were estimated by the atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. In topsoil (a 10-cm layer), maximal inventories are typical for total Si (40 ± 4 kg/m2), Al (7.0 ± 0.8 kg/m2) and Fe (3.4 ± 0.3 kg/m2) and for bioavailable Ca (570 ± 48 g/m2), Mg (43 ± 4 g/m2), K (22 ± 6 g/m2). In plants, the main inventories (g/m2) of K, P, S, Mg, Si, Mn, Zn, Ba, Cu, Mo occur in the above ground phytomass. The most effectively plants assimilate bioavailable fractions of K, P, Ti, Mo, As, Zr, V. Based on the resource method for soil quality assessment, the studied Chernozems are characterized by a low level of Ni contamination, a moderate supply of bioavailable K with a lack of bioavailable P

АНАЛИЗ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ И ПОДВИЖНОСТИ ДИАФРАГМЫ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ С НОРМАЛЬНОЙ ФУНКЦИЕЙ ЛЕГКИХ ДО И ПОСЛЕ КАРДИОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ

A statistical  analysis of position and mobility of the diaphragm  in adults with normal lung function is not operated and underwent various cardiac interventions. The study included 2441 the patient,  divided into groups non-operated and undergoing  various cardiac surgical intervention.  Were determined  the mean values of the position and mobility of the diaphragm,  the frequency of elevation and diaphragm dysfunction. Using ROC analysis established  the degree of influence for the elevation and dysfunction of the diaphragm of the body mass index (BMI), the coefficient of mobility of the diaphragm  (CMD)  and indicators  of the position of the domes of the diaphragm.  It is revealed that after cardiac operations  the position of the domes of the diaphragm was higher and decreased  mobility of the diaphragm. Elevation and dysfunction among non-operated diaphragm was noted in a few cases, and after cardiac surgery significantly more often. Non-operated patients  have a statistically  significant impact on elevation of the right dome had a value of (AUC 0,99) and the elevation of the left dome of the diaphragm the magnitude  of BMI (AUC of 0,89). They have not identified effects on diaphragmatic  dysfunction none of the studied factors. In postoperative  patients, the rates of mobility of the diaphragm showed a good effect on the elevation (AUC of 0,84–0,86), while the value of BMI showed an average quality of effects in all models (AUC of 0,62 to 0,65). A statistically significant effect on diaphragm matic dysfunction provided only the position of the domes of the diaphragm (AUC 0,78–0,83). Patients undergoing different cardiac surgical intervention have a statistically significant decrease of mobility and increase the position of the diaphragm,  increasing the frequency of elevation and dysfunction. From non-operated patients  on the mobility of the diaphragm did not affect any height standing  domes of the diaphragm or BMI. On the position of the right dome affects only the rate of mobility of the diaphragm, and the left dome — the value of BMI. Patients after various cardiac surgeries  greater  impact on the elevation of the diaphragm provided an indicator of its mobility, than BMI and dysfunction of the diaphragm affects only its position.Проведен статистический анализ положения и подвижности диафрагмы у взрослых с нормальной функцией легких, готовящихся к операциям и после различных кардиохирургических вмешательств. В исследование включен 2441 пациент, выделены группы неоперированных и перенесших различные кардиохирургические вмешательства. Определяли  средние показатели  положения и подвижности диафрагмы, частоту элевации и дисфункции диафрагмы. С помощью ROC-анализа устанавливали  степень прогностического влияния на элевацию  и дисфункцию диафрагмы индекса массы тела (ИМТ), коэффициента подвижности диафрагмы (КПД) и показателей положения куполов диафрагмы. Выявлено, что после кардиохирургических операций положение куполов диафрагмы было выше, снижалась подвижность диафрагмы. Элевация и дисфункция диафрагмы среди неоперированных отмечались в единичных случаях, а после кардиохирургических операций в разы чаще. У неоперированных пациентов статистически значимое прогностическое влияние на элевацию правого купола оказывал лишь показатель КПД (AUC 0,99), а на элевацию левого купола диафрагмы — величина ИМТ (AUC 0,89). У них не выявлено  прогностического  влияния  на  диафрагмальную  дисфункцию ни  одного из  изучаемых  факторов. У послеоперационных пациентов показатели подвижности диафрагмы продемонстрировали хорошие значение прогностического влияния на элевацию  (AUC 0,84–0,86), в то время  как величина ИМТ  показала  среднее качество влияния во всех моделях (AUC 0,62–0,65). Статистически значимое прогностическое влияние на диафрагмальную дисфункцию оказывало только положение куполов диафрагмы (AUC 0,78–0,83). У послеоперационных пациентов уменьшение подвижности диафрагмы менее 8–8,9 у. е. с высокой чувствительностью и специфичностью прогнозировало ее элевацию. Увеличение ИМТ более 28–28,6 кг/м2  имело среднее прогностическое влияние на элевацию диафрагмы, при высокой чувствительности и малой специфичности. Послеоперационную  дисфункцию диафрагмы можно предсказать  только по ее положению: хороший баланс чувствительности и специфичности прогноза отмечался при подъеме куполов диафрагмы выше межпозвонкового диска VII–IX грудных позвонков. У неоперированных пациентов на подвижность диафрагмы не влияли ни высота стояния куполов диафрагмы, ни ИМТ