Simulation of DSDV Protocol

An ad-hoc network is the cooperative engagement of a collection of Mobile Hosts without the required intervention of any centralized Access Point. This Application is the innovative design for the operation of such ad-hoc networks. The basic idea of the design is to operate each Mobile Host as a specialized router, which periodically advertises its view of the interconnection topology with other Mobile Hosts within the network. This amounts to a new sort of routing protocol. This paper is practically applied using the specifications that are defined through Highly Dynamic Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Algorithm

Occupational Health Hazards among Wholesalers: A Case Study

Wholesalers play an important role in Supply Chain Management but due to less physical activities, mental stress and more comfort level, they may suffer from many occupational health hazards. Literature reveals that with change in the lifestyle of the people there is increase in the number of patients of the coronary heart disease mainly in occupations having less physical activities. The present research work investigates occupational health hazards of wholesalers of cloths & garments market. Qualitative study was done on 64 wholesalers and 64 control group members. Due to financial and time constraints quantitative study was done on 22 members of each group. In qualitative study, data was collected through questionnaire and for quantitative study, physical examinations were performed and analyzed with statistical tests at 95% level of significance. For qualitative study, results of Pearson correlation showed that occupation having a positive correlation with hypertension, sitting having a positive correlation of with BMI, sitting also having a positive correlation of with hypertension, heart problem having a positive correlation with BMI, hypertension having a positive correlation with heart problem. For physical examination, approx. 14% more wholesalers have abnormal ECG, approx. 19% more wholesalers have obesity and overweight, approx. 27% more wholesalers have hypertension as compared to control group members. Qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed that the wholesalers were unaware about their heart problems due to their occupation. So, it is recommended that association of wholesalers must arrange at least one compulsory medical checkup camp for wholesalers within six months

Prospective study of radiation related adverse events and its management in cancer patient at tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Radiation therapy is associated with certain adverse events which may cause significant discomfort to patient and may affect patient’s life. The objective of the study was to assess radiation related adverse events in the patients who are on radiation therapy and to prevent and manage these adverse events.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 193 patients receiving radiotherapy in Oncology Department at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab. One fraction (2 Gray) dose had been given to patients daily for five days in a week and monitor. The collected data was analyzed by applying IBM SPSS v21.Results: The clinical results observed in 193 consecutive patients with follow-up of 7 weeks and graded according to RTOG Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. Majority of events were reported in age group of 41-60 years followed by 61-80 years, 20-40 years. Epidermal, mucosal, Genitourinary and Lower G.I. reactions are graded. The reactions managed by providing symptomatic treatment.Conclusions: Radiation related adverse events have been found frequently in patients with radiotherapy and chemo-radiotherapy both. As the number of doses increase with time the grade of reactions also increases. Appropriate follow-up and management of these events reduces patient burden of treatment

Loss Computation of Multilayer Coplanar Waveguide using Single Layer Reduction Method

Abstract In this paper, the quasi-static spectral domain approach (SDA) and single layer reduction (SLR) method applicable for mult ilayer coplanar waveguide (CPW) on isotropic dielectric substrate that incorporates two layer model of conductor thickness is used to compute the impedance, effective d ielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductor loss. The transverse transmission line (TTL) technique is used to find the Green's function for the mult ilayer CPW in Fourier domain. Dielectric loss of mult ilayer coplanar waveguide is co mputed by converting multilayer CPW structure into equivalent single layer CPW using SLR method. Perturbation method is used to compute the conductor loss. The effect of finite conductor thickness is analysed on the impedance, effective dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductor loss. The present formulation also accounts for low frequency dispersion in computation of quasi-static effective dielectric constant and characteristic impedance

Self-Ligating Brackets: A Review

Self- ligating brackets are ligature less bracket systems that have a mechanical device into the bracket to close off the edgewise slot. These brackets secure passive or active ligation mechanism that ensures consistent full bracket engagement. Reduced friction between archwire and bracket allows more rapid tooth movement. This results in good control of tooth position through an adequately dimensioned bracket. A review of self-ligation in general has been highlighted in this article

Advanced multiparametric MRI-based scoring for isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation prediction of gliomas

Purpose: To propose an advanced multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based scoring system and evaluate its diagnostic accuracy with respect to the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status of gliomas. Material and methods: This prospective observational study included 50 consecutive patients with suspected gliomas, enrolled for pre-operative MRI. The exclusion criteria were previous surgery, biopsy, or chemo/radiotherapy and contraindications to the gadolinium-based contrasts or MRI acquisition. A standardized brain-MRI protocol using a 3-Tesla machine and 16-channel head coil consisted of pre-contrast axial-T2WI, FLAIR, DTI, 3D-ASL perfusion, SWI, 3D-T1WI, and post-contrast axial-DSC perfusion followed by 3D-T1WI and MR spectroscopy. ROIs were drawn from the tumoral centre, periphery, and peritumoral oedema (3 ROIs for each) followed by normalization using the ROIs over the contralateral normal white matter. The cut-off values for the statistically significant (p <0.05) continuous variables were derived by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A 7-point "glioma-score" was derived from the 3 categorical (T2/FLAIR-mismatch, contrast enhancement, and intratumoral susceptibility signals) and 4 continuous ROI-based variables (ADC, FA, ASL-CBF, and DSC-CBV). Results: The predictability of IDH mutant status using the multiparametric advanced MRI-based glioma score was statistically significant (sensitivity = 69.23%, specificity = 95.65%, PPV = 94.74%, NPV = 73.33%). A glioma score of more than 4.5 out of 7 predicted the IDH-mutation status with higher specificity and sensitivity compared to each of the individual imaging variables. Conclusions: The advanced multiparametric MRI-based glioma score can predict the IDH-mutation status with high statistical significance