Effect of Boswellia on Adjuvant Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Experimental Animals

Arthritis is the most common systemic connective tissue disease. About 1% of the world's population is affected by RA; women are three times more often than men. Onset is most frequent between the ages of 40 and 50 years, but people of any age can be affected. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks flexible joints. Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, autoimmunity plays an important role in both its chronicity and progression.The new trend of medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis seeks new drugs with more efficacy and fewer side effects. Since tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as other cytokines act as key players in the development of arthritis.Studies in the United States and Europe have shown that their use is less common in clinical settings, but has become increasingly more in recent years as scientific evidence about the effectiveness of herbal medicine has become more widely available.  The present work investigates the effect of Boswellia on Adjuvant induced RA in Experimental Animals

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IN SITU OCULAR GEL OF LEVOFLOXACIN

Total of 8 formulations of in situ gels of Levofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by pH triggered in situ gelling system using different polymers like sodium alginate as gelling agent, Noveon AA-1 polycarbophil and HPMC E50LV as viscosity enhancing agent and benzalkonium chloride as preservative. All the prepared formulations were clear and the visual appearance was found to be transparent. The pH of the prepared formulations was ranged between 6.50and 7.00. The drug content varied between 96.84 ± 0.396 and 99.65±0.489 % which indicated that the uniform distribution of drug was found in all the prepared formulations. Among all the formulations, the formulations A4 and A8 showed better gelling capacity. The shear rate on the preparation was large during the blinking stage. From the in vitro drug release profile the formulations A4 and A8 was selected as the best formulations and these formulations were used for further studies such as mechanism of drug release, sterility, antimicrobial efficacy, ocular irritation and accelerated stability. Both formulations provided good fit to the Higuchi model. According to this model, the drug release from these gels may be controlled by diffusion through the micro-pores. The selected formulations showed good anti-microbial action against the organisms and ocular irritation studies revealed that the selected formulations were good with non-irritation and there were no ocular damage or abnormal clinical signs. During and at the end of the accelerated stability study, the selected formulations did not undergo any chemical changes/interaction and remained stable during the study period and showed almost similar physical stability and drug content. Key Words: Levofloxacin hydrochloride, in situ gels, in vitro drug release, Higuchi model, accelerated stability study. Â

Crosstalk between hemostasis inhibitors and cholesterol biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

The individual roles of cholesterol pathway biomarkers (CPB) and hemostasis inhibitors with neuroimaging outcomes were previously investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this extension study was to investigate potential crosstalk between plasma CPB [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoproteins (Apo) ApoA-I, ApoAII, ApoB, ApoC-II and ApoE] and hemostasis inhibitors [heparin cofactor-II (HCII), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), thrombomodulin, ADAMTS13 and PAI-1] in a cohort of 127 MS patients, and 40 healthy individuals (HI). The associations were assessed with regressions. In MS patients, HCII was positively associated with TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and ApoA-I (p=0.028, 0.027, 0.002 and 0.027, respectively) but negatively associated with ApoCII (p=0.018). PC was positively associated with ApoC-II (p=0.001) and ApoB (p=0.016) whereas PS was associated with TC (p=0.024) and ApoE (p=0.003) in MS. The ApoC-II associations were not observed in HI. The negative association between ApoC-II and HCll was an exception amongst other positive associations between CPB and hemostasis inhibitors in MS. CPB do not modulate the PC associations with neurodegeneration in MS

Design, synthesis, and biological investigation of oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and pyrimidinyl linked antipyrine derivatives as potential non-acidic anti-inflammatory agents

A novel series of 12 antipyrine derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (4a-d), 1,3,4-thiadiazoles (6a-d), and pyrimidines (8a-d), was preparedand assessed for its potential in vitro COX-2 inhibitors. Compared to Celecoxib, compounds 4b-d and 8d were the most potent derivatives c with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration range of 53-69 nM. Considering COX-2 selectivity index, compounds 4 b and 4c were chosen among these most potent derivatives for further investigation. The in vivo ability of compounds 4 b and 4c to counteract carrageenan-induced paw edoema has been assessed and their potential underlying mechanisms have been elucidated and the results have been further validated using molecular docking simulations

Valsartan (Profiles of Drugs Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology)

Valsartan is an antihypertensive drug which selectively inhibits angiotensin receptor type II. This tetrazole derivative was first developed by Novartis and marketed under brand name Diovan® . This compound is orally active and is rapidly absorbed after oral doses, having a bioavailability of approximately 23% . Valsartan appears as a white or almost white hygroscopic powder. This compound must be kept in an air-tight container and should be protected from light and heat. It is available in film-coated tablets containing valsartan 40, 80, 160, or 320 mg, and capsules with dosage of 80 or 160 mg. Tablet combinations of valsartan with hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine are also availabl