Weight estimation techniques for composite airplanes in general aviation industry

Currently available weight estimation methods for general aviation airplanes were investigated. New equations with explicit material properties were developed for the weight estimation of aircraft components such as wing, fuselage and empennage. Regression analysis was applied to the basic equations for a data base of twelve airplanes to determine the coefficients. The resulting equations can be used to predict the component weights of either metallic or composite airplanes

Knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin use and its adverse effects in adult diabetic population

Background: Diabetes is a disease when left untreated, leads to many complications. India is emerging as a diabetic capital of the world. Insulin is widely used as a therapeutic option, and hence this study was conducted to assess the awareness of Insulin use and its adverse effects in diabetic population.Methods: The study was a questionnaire survey conducted in adult patients with diabetes who are on Insulin therapy. The participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice were assessed by using a questionnaire consisting of 32 questions. Scores were allotted to each question, and evaluated after applying appropriate statistical tests.Results: The mean age of the participants was 57.26±11.24 years. About 54% were males. 46% belonged to rural areas. The mean knowledge score was 17.53±4.40, mean attitude score 7.42±4.85 and the mean practice score was 6.56±1.91. 40% responded that they will return the expired insulin vials to the pharmacy. The most common reason for non adherence was economical constraints (60%). The females had better knowledge (17.60±4.43 vs. 17.45±4.40, p>0.88), attitude (8.21±3.84 vs. 6.58±5.56, p>0.09) and practice (6.97±1.84 vs. 6.13±1.92, p0.297), attitude (8.70±3.95 vs. 6.06±5.37, p 1.395) than the rural counterparts.Conclusions: There exists a gap between knowledge attitude and practice of insulin use. This can be overcome by conducting awareness programmes by health care providers, to sensitise people about the proper use, side effects and the methods of disposal of insulin vials

(E)-3-Phenyl-2-(1-tosyl-1H-indol-3-ylcarbon­yl)acrylonitrile

In the title compound, C25H18N2O3S, the indole moiety is planar and makes a dihedral angle of 89.95 (09)° with the phenyl ring of the sulfonyl substituent. The mol­ecular conformation features a weak C—H⋯N short contact and the crystal packing reveals a weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond

Crystal structure of 2-methylamino-3-nitro-4-p-tolylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-one

The authors thank Dr Babu Varghese, SAIF, IIT, Chennai, India, for the data collection.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF TCSC DEVICES FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF ATC IN DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM USING FLOWER POLLINATION ALGORITHM

This paper proposes a best possible distribution of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) to progress the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of power transactions between sources and sink areas in the deregulated power system. The principle of TCSC device is to balance the inductive voltage drop in the line by an introduced capacitive voltage or in other words to alleviate the effective reactance of the transmission line to improve ATC in the network. The objective of the optimization is to find the preeminent location and parameters of TCSC devices by means of Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) for maximizing ATC and minimizing power losses and installation cost of TCSC device. The estimate of ATC using AC Power Transfer Distribution Factors (ACPTDF) based on the Newton Raphson power flow technique. The ACPTDFs are the consequent using sensitivity based approach for the system intact case and utilized to check the line flow limits during ATC fortitude. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated using an IEEE-30 bus test system for the evaluation of ATC in normal and line outage contingencies conditions for the preferred bilateral, multilateral and area wise transactions. The simulation outcome illustrates that the introduction of TCSC devices in an accurate location could increase ATC, fall in total losses and advance the line congestion as compared to the system without TCSC devices

rac-Diethyl 5-oxo-2-[(2,4,4-trimethyl­pentan-2-yl)amino]-4,5-dihydro­pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3,4-dicarboxyl­ate

The title compound, C26H33NO7, comprises a racemic mixture of asymmetric mol­ecules containing one stereogenic centre. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the fused pyran ring and the coumarin ring system is 8.12 (14)°. The mol­ecular structure features a short N—H⋯O contact, which generates an S(6) ring motif. The crystal packing are stabilized by C—H⋯O inter­actions

rac-Dimethyl 2-(tert-butyl­amino)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro­pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3,4-dicarboxyl­ate

The title compound, C20H21NO7, is asymmetric with a chiral centre located in the pyran ring and crystallizes as a racemate. The mol­ecular framework is somewhat bent; the coumarin moiety and the pyran ring are inclined by 7.85 (5)°. The mol­ecular structure is characterized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(6) ring motif, and the crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The 3-carboxyl­ate O atom is involved in both of them, having a bifurcated character

2-Iodo-3-(4-meth­oxy­anilino)-5,5-dimethyl­cyclo­hex-2-en-1-one

The cyclo­hexene ring in the title compound, C15H18INO2, adopts a sofa conformation. The dihedral angle between the cyclo­hexene (through all ring atoms) and benzene rings is 63.3 (1)°. The mol­ecular conformation features an N—H⋯I short contact and the crystal packing features C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

First examples of neutral and cationic indenyl nickel(II) complexes bearing arsine or stibine ligands: highly active catalysts for the oligomerisation of styrene

New indenyl nickel(II) complexes bearing arsine or stibine ligands synthesised by a new methodology exhibit very high catalytic activities for the oligomerisation of styrene