Des pensées criminelles et des traits de personnalité de fraudeurs incarcérés, sous l’angle de la psychopathie

L’élaboration de programme d’interventions propres aux fraudeurs soulève la question de la particularité de leur personnalité. Des écrits suggèrent que la personnalité des fraudeurs présenterait des similitudes avec les traits psychopathiques. L’objectif de l’étude est donc de décrire et d’explorer ces traits chez des fraudeurs spécialisés incarcérés, et ce, à l’aide des questionnaires Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) et Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS). Trois groupes de détenus (35 hommes, 17 femmes) ont rempli les questionnaires: fraudeurs spécialisés (n=23), autres délinquants sans crimes violents (ASV, n=19) et autres délinquants avec crimes violents (AAV, n=10). Un groupe d’étudiants (n=430) a aussi complété le PPI, permettant ainsi d’ajouter un groupe de comparaison. Les analyses ont permis de constater que le groupe de fraudeurs diffère peu des autres groupes quant à leurs traits psychopathiques. Cependant, ils sont moins enclins que le groupe d’AAV à adopter des pensées criminelles, fréquentes chez les psychopathes.Developping specific intervention programmes for frauds raises the issue of personality characteristics. Studies suggest that the personality of fraudsters presents certain similarities with psychopathic traits. The goal of the study is to describe and explore the personality of incarcerated specialized fraudsters by using psychometric tests such as the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS). Three groups of inmates (35 men, 17 women) completed the questionnaires: fraud specialists (n = 23), offenders who committed non-violent crimes (n = 19) and offenders who committed violent crimes (n= 10). A group of students (n = 430) also completed the PPI, thereby adding a comparison group. Analyses revealed few differences between the psychopathic traits of fraudsters and those of the other groups' respondents. However, it was revealed that fraudsters were less likely to adopt criminal thoughts, common in psychopaths, than are the respondents from the AAV group

Organizational Knowledge Translation Strategies for Allied Health Professionals in Traumatology Settings: A Realist Review Protocol.

Background Knowledge translation (KT) is an important means of improving the health service quality. Most research on the effectiveness of KT strategies has focused on individual strategies, i.e., those directly targeting the modification of allied health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, for example. In general, these strategies are moderately effective in changing practices (maximum 10% change). Effecting change in organizational contexts (e.g., change readiness, general and specific organizational capacity, organizational routines) is part of a promising new avenue to service quality improvement through the implementation of evidence-based practices. The objective of this study will be to identify why, how, and under what conditions organizational KT strategies have been shown to be effective or ineffective in changing the (a) knowledge, (b) attitudes, and (c) clinical behaviors of allied health professionals in traumatology settings. Methods This is a realist review protocol involving four iterative steps: (1) Initial theory formulation, (2) search for Evidence search, (3) knowledge extraction and synthesis, and (4) recommendations. We will search electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Cochrane Library, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science. The studies included will be those relating to the use of organizational KT strategies in trauma settings, regardless of study designs, published between January 1990 and October 2020, and presenting objective measures that demonstrate change in allied health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and clinical behaviors. Two independent reviewers will select, screen, and extract the data related to all relevant sources in order to refine or refute the context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations developed in the initial theory and identify new CMO configurations. Discussion Using a systematic and rigorous method, this review will help guide decision-makers and researchers in choosing the best organizational strategies to optimize the implementation of evidence-based practices

Santé mentale et population universitaire : un laboratoire-vivant au service de la communauté : rapport de recherche

Cette étude a trois objectifs : 1) Identifier les principaux enjeux de santé des étudiant·es et des employé·es de l’UQAC en contexte pandémique, 2) Répertorier l’ensemble des mesures de soutien à la santé mises à la disposition des étudiant·es et des employé·es de l’UQAC, et 3) Identifier de nouvelles solutions à mettre en place afin de pallier les manques et de soutenir les étudiant·es et les employé·es de l’UQAC

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

« Le fléau ». Sexualité adolescente, Internet et panique morale

Au Québec, en ce début de XXIe siècle, les médias véhiculent un discours populaire sur la sexualité adolescente qui s’énonce sur le mode de la panique morale et fait grand cas de l’usage d'Internet à des fins sexuelles par les adolescents — généralement pour en décrier les nombreux risques pour leur santé mentale et physique. Deux exemples seront discutés ici en parallèle: nous nous pencherons d’abord sur des reportages produits pour l’émission Enjeux au sujet de la pornographie adolescente sur Internet, puis sur des discours à propos du prosélytisme pédophile sur Internet, deux exemples qui mettent en évidence un imaginaire de la souillure indiquant un interdit en ce qui concerne les usages sexualisés du corps. L’analyse révélera que le problème de la sexualité adolescente sur Internet n’est pas celui de la légalité, ni même de la nature potentiellement violente des représentations sexuelles qui y sont véhiculées. Terra incognita, Internet serait plutôt le lieu où la culture québécoise sent son ethos se diluer, et ses jeunes se perdre.Among the numerous aspects of sexuality discussed publicly throughout the twentieth century, teenage sexuality, characterized by an unprecedented engagement with technology, the adoption of seductive fashion trends, and the development of new modes of relation to the body and caring for the body, has emerged as one of the great sources of public debate in the latter half of the century. Such a discourse has culminated, at the turn of the twenty-first century, in a form of moral panic. In fact, since 2000, sexuality has consistently been displayed in Québec public and popular media as a source of health risk both physical and moral for adolescents, due in large part to their use of internet as a means to engage in sexual contact. In this article, two examples of discourses central to the formation of the moral panic are discussed. We will first present television reports produced in 2000 and 2003 for the public affairs program Enjeux, which present the dangers of pornography on the Internet. We find that these reports, through their choice of vocabulary pertaining to "adolescents "on the one hand and "adolescents on internet" on the other hand, express a particular image of internet as a source of stain, a specific form of imagination which, according to Ricceur, is associated with the presence of a prohibition. We then look at discourses about pedophilic proselytism on the Internet as a second building block in the formation and perpetuation of the moral panic. Our analysis of these discourses, while it keeps the focus on imagination of the stain and forms of relation to the body, reveals that the "problem" with teenage sexuality and the Internet has little to do with legal matters or with the risk of encountering violent sexual partners/sexual imagery. Rather, it reveals that Internet is portrayed as the ultimate terra incognita, where a specifically Quebecker ethos can no longer hold itself together and from which, most of all, Québec teenagers might just not "come back"

Does Simulator Sickness Impair Learning Decision Making While Driving a Police Vehicle? | Le mal du simulateur: un frein à l’apprentissage de la prise de décision en conduite d’un véhicule de police?

The use of driving simulators is an innovation for police training in Quebec. There are some issues related to their impact on training objectives. This article presents the results of a study involving 71 police cadets who participated in six training sessions with a driving simulator. The training sessions were designed to competencies development to make decisions during emergency driving and pursuit. The nature and consequences of the discomfort experienced by the participants is described. The results highlight the importance of the initial training session. Issues related to providing trainees with adequate support are discussed. Le simulateur de conduite est un outil pédagogique novateur pour la formation policière au Québec. Il comporte des enjeux à l’égard de l’atteinte des objectifs pédagogiques visés. L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche menée auprès de 71 aspirants policiers ayant participé à une formation de six séances au simulateur de conduite visant le développement des compétences en matière de prise de décision en conduite d’urgence et en poursuite. Les résultats dressent un portrait des malaises ressentis par les participants et de leurs impacts. Les résultats montrent également l’importance de la première séance. La discussion s’attarde aux enjeux liés à l’accompagnement des apprenants

Urinary placental growth factor as a predictor of complications in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Preeclampsia is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Although the diagnostic and prognostic values of circulating placental growth factor (PlGF) have been extensively studied, urinary PlGF represents an excellent alternative to facilitate sample collection in the follow-up of pregnant women. The aim of this study is to determine whether urinary PlGF levels throughout pregnancy can predict severe maternal, fetal/placental and neonatal complications in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.Methods and analysis Studies that evaluated pregnant women with hypertensive disorders and at least one measurement of urinary PlGF will be included. Studies that measure urinary PlGF after the occurrence of the complications will be excluded. The main outcome will consist of severe maternal complications in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Secondary outcomes will consist of severe fetal/placental and neonatal complications as defined by the International Collaboration to Harmonize Outcomes for Pre-eclampsia. Prospective cohort studies and case–controls studies reporting original data will be included. Studies will be identified by searching MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. The first literature search was conducted on 2 March 2020, and another search will be performed before analyses. All eligible studies will be assessed for risk of bias with a standardised 10-items study quality assessment tool adapted from the Study Quality Assessment tools developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Summary of ORs and 95% CIs will be reported to evaluate the association between urinary PlGF levels and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and its complications. A random-effect meta-analysis will also be performed.Ethics and dissemination Review by an ethics committee will not be required for this systematic review. This study will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal as well as for presentation at conferences targeting different stakeholders, including researchers, physicians and patients.PROSPERO registration number CRD42020186313

Validation of the <scp>Fatty Liver Index</scp> for identifying non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Kenyan population

AbstractBackground and AimFatty Liver Index (FLI) is a simple clinical scoring system estimating non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is validated in European‐descent and Asian populations, but not in sub‐Saharan Africans. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of the FLI for predicting NAFLD in a population from Kenya.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a community‐based study conducted in Kenya. NAFLD was diagnosed using hepatic ultrasonography. Clinical, anthropometrical, biochemical and lifestyle data were obtained. The accuracy and cut‐off point of the FLI to detect NAFLD were evaluated by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and the maximum Youden index analysis.ResultsA total of 640 participants (94 with NAFLD) were included. Mean age was 37.4 ± 0.4 years and 58.7% were women. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.3 ± 0.2 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) 79.1 ± 0.4 cm. A total of 15 (2.3%) participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 65 (10.2%) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). AUROC of FLI for predicting NAFLD was 0.80 (95% CI 0.74–0.85), which was significantly higher compared to individual components gamma‐glutamyl transferase and triglycerides (p &lt; 0.05), but not compared to anthropometric parameters BMI (AUROC of 0.83, 95% CI 0.79–0.88) and WC (AUROC of 0.81, 95% CI 0.76–0.87).ConclusionsFLI is a simple valid scoring system to use in rural and urban Kenyan adults. However, this index might not be superior to BMI or WC to predict NAFLD, and those measurements might therefore be more appropriate in limited settings.</jats:sec

Pas tous dans le même bateau face à la pandémie – Lorsque la distanciation physique rend visibles les inégalités entre les étudiant.es de l’UQAC

Afin de documenter les inégalités révélées ou exacerbées par la crise de la COVID-19, et de mesurer les impacts des mesures de distanciation sur la santé physique et mentale des étudiant.e.s, nous avons mené une étude mixte (qualitative et quantitative) afin de collecter des données auprès de 413 étudiant.e.s en provenance de 6 établissements du Réseau de l’Université du Québec (UQAC, UQAR, UQO, UQAM, UQTR et INRS). Nous publions ici les premiers résultats de cette étude, portant uniquement sur les réponses obtenues auprès de 123 répondant.e.s inscrit.e.s à temps plein ou à temps partiel dans un programme de l’UQAC, au semestre d’hiver 2020. Les résultats témoignent des inégalités vécues, de même que des défis spécifiques soulevés au moment de la collecte de données