A mikrohullám hatása a különböző biológiai (mezőgazdasági) anyagokra = The effect of microwave on different biological (agricultural) materials

Az előző évek laboratóriumi méréseinek eredményeit felhasználva pontosítottuk az általunk kifejlesztett tejzsírvizsgálati módszert. Az eljárás alapja a tejminták mikrohullámú besugárzása illetve konvektív szárító csatornában történő kezelése. A vizsgálatok során nyers tehéntej-, kereskedelmi forgalomban kapható fogyasztói tej- valamint ultramagas hőmérsékleten pasztőrözött tejmintákat vizsgáltunk. Az analitikai módszer pontos és megbízható működéséhez elengedhetetlen a mikrohullámú tér homogenizálása, illetve a kezelt anyagon belüli hőmérséklet különbségek detektálása. A mikrohullámú teret egyedi felépítésű vízcsapdák alkalmazásával homogenizáltuk, ezáltal a besugárzott anyagban megközelítőleg egyenletes hőeloszlást tapasztalhattunk. A kísérletek során scanning elektronmikroszkópos felvételek segítségével vizsgáltuk a minták felszínén kialakult tejbőr szerkezetében történő változásokat, amelyek hátterében a tejben lévő enzimek megváltozott élettevékenység áll. A lipáz és xanthin oxidáz enzimek aktivitásának változását spektrofotométeres, illetve HPLC-s vizsgálatokkal detektáltuk. A kísérletek során megállapítottuk, hogy a besugárzott anyagban hőhatáson kívül a mikrohullám nem termikus hatása érvényesül, ami esetenként kedvezőtlen irányba befolyásolja az enzimek működését. Az elvégzett kísérletek során elegendő adat áll rendelkezésünkre, hogy különböző zsírtartalmú minták zsírtartalmának meghatározását meg tudjuk valósítani a fent említett módszer segítségével. | We specified the milk fat measuring method developed at our laboratory in year 2008 using the results we achieved in years before. The root of the process is that milk samples are treated with microwave irradiation or by convective drying system, so that the measured values show the fat content of the samples. We examined row cow's milk, commercially obtainable consumer's milk and pasteurized milk treated at ultrahigh temperature. The exact and reliable function of analytical method needs homogeneous conditions in the microwave space and the detectation of temperature differences within treated samples. To reach homogeneous conditions we used uniquely constructed cylinders filled with water. So we could reach homogeneous temperature within irradiated samples. In our experiments we examined the changes in the structure of milkskin located at the surface of samples with help of photos taken by Scanning Electron microscopy. The reason for changes is that enzyme function was changing. Lipase and xanthin oxidase enzyme activity changes were detected by spectrophotometer and HPLC examination. The experiments gave us the result, that not only temperature has an effect on the irradiated material, but also the non thermal effect of microwave, which can influence in some cases the enzyme function in an unfavorable way. Using the results of our experiments carried out, we can attain the modification of samples with very different fat content with help of the above mentioned method

Bolesti probavnog sustava u 80 skladatelja

Based on study of pathographies we noticed eighty cases of digestive diseases among composers. The most important composers are presented in the form of short pathographies, and the others were briefly mentioned in the following list. Mentioned diseases influenced the creativity of composers and their life expectancy.Proučavajući patografije skladatelja zabilježili smo osamdeset slučajeva bolesti probavnog sustava. Najznačajniji skladatelji prikazani su u obliku kratkih patografija, a ostali su navedeni u priloženoj listi na kraju rada. Navedene bolesti utjecale su na kreativnost autora i njihov životni vijek

A case study of salivary microbiome in smokers and non-smokers in Hungary: analysis by shotgun metagenome sequencing

Objective To investigate the role of cigarette smoking in disease-development through altering the composition of the oral microbial community. Periodontitis and oral cancer are highly prevalent in Hungary; therefore, the salivary microbiome of smoker and non-smoker Hungarian adults was characterized. Methods Shotgun metagenome sequencing of salivary DNA samples from 22 individuals (11 non-smokers and 11 current smokers) was performed using the Ion Torrent PGMTM platform. Quality-filtered reads were analysed by both alignment-based sequence similarity searches and genome-centric binning. Results Prevotella, Veillonella and Streptococcus were the predominant genera in the saliva of both groups. Although the overall composition and diversity of the microbiota were similar, Prevotella was significantly more abundant in salivary samples of current smokers compared to non-smokers. Members of the genus Prevotella were implicated in the development of inflammatory diseases and oral cancer. The abundance of the genus Megasphaera also increased in current smokers, whereas the genera Neisseria, Oribacterium, Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas were significantly reduced. The data generated by read-based taxonomic classification and genome-centric binning mutually validated the two distinct metagenomic approaches. Conclusion Smoking-associated dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome in current cigarette smokers, especially increased abundance of Prevotella and Megasphaera genera, may facilitate disease development

Toward Personalized Oral Diagnosis: Distinct Microbiome Clusters in Periodontitis Biofilms

Periodontitis is caused by pathogenic subgingival microbial biofilm development and dysbiotic interactions between host and hosted microbes. A thorough characterization of the subgingival biofilms by deep amplicon sequencing of 121 individual periodontitis pockets of nine patients and whole metagenomic analysis of the saliva microbial community of the same subjects were carried out. Two biofilm sampling methods yielded similar microbial compositions. Taxonomic mapping of all biofilms revealed three distinct microbial clusters. Two clinical diagnostic parameters, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), correlated with the cluster mapping. The dysbiotic microbiomes were less diverse than the apparently healthy ones of the same subjects. The most abundant periodontal pathogens were also present in the saliva, although in different representations. The single abundant species Tannerella forsythia was found in the diseased pockets in about 16–17-fold in excess relative to the clinically healthy sulcus, making it suitable as an indicator of periodontitis biofilms. The discrete microbial communities indicate strong selection by the host immune system and allow the design of targeted antibiotic treatment selective against the main periodontal pathogen(s) in the individual patients

Eredményeink a teljes jogú Eurotransplant-tagság óta. A Debreceni Vesetranszplantációs Központ tapasztalatai

Absztrakt Bevezetés: A Debreceni Egyetemen 1991-ben végezték el az első veseátültetést. Hazánk 2013-ban csatlakozott az Eurotransplanthoz. Célkitűzés: A szerzők elemezték a tapasztalatokat. Módszer: 2008. január 1. és 2013. augusztus 31. között (A csoport = 163) és 2013. szeptember 1. és 2015. október 22. között végzett cadavervese-átültetések (B csoport = 90) adatait elemezték. Eredmények: Az élődonorok aránya 3,5%-ról 9,1%-ra nőtt. 2013 óta a recipiensek 25%-a 60 évesnél idősebb, a >30 kg/m2 testtömegindex aránya 31%-ra, a diabetesesek aránya kétszeresére emelkedett. Az ureteroneocystostomia mellett bevezetésre került a vég az oldalhoz ureteroureteralis anastomosis. Indukciós kezelés mellett az akut rejectiós epizód jelentősen csökkent (34%-ról 8%-ra). A technikai szövődmények aránya nem változott. A bakteriális fertőzések aránya csökkent (41%-ról 33%-ra). Az 1, 3 és 5 éves veseallograft-túlélések 86,6%, 85% és 82,7%, valamint 88%, 84% és 84% voltak a két csoportban. Következtetések: Az extended criteria donor arány emelkedett. 2013 óta lehetségessé vált az akut humoralis rejectio kezelése. Az esetszám-növekedés mellett az eredmények jók. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(24), 925–937

A case study of salivary microbiome in smokers and non-smokers in Hungary: analysis by shotgun metagenome sequencing

Objective To investigate the role of cigarette smoking in disease-development through altering the composition of the oral microbial community. Periodontitis and oral cancer are highly prevalent in Hungary; therefore, the salivary microbiome of smoker and non-smoker Hungarian adults was characterized. Methods Shotgun metagenome sequencing of salivary DNA samples from 22 individuals (11 non-smokers and 11 current smokers) was performed using the Ion Torrent PGMTM platform. Quality-filtered reads were analysed by both alignment-based sequence similarity searches and genome-centric binning. Results Prevotella, Veillonella and Streptococcus were the predominant genera in the saliva of both groups. Although the overall composition and diversity of the microbiota were similar, Prevotella was significantly more abundant in salivary samples of current smokers compared to non-smokers. Members of the genus Prevotella were implicated in the development of inflammatory diseases and oral cancer. The abundance of the genus Megasphaera also increased in current smokers, whereas the genera Neisseria, Oribacterium, Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas were significantly reduced. The data generated by read-based taxonomic classification and genome-centric binning mutually validated the two distinct metagenomic approaches. Conclusion Smoking-associated dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome in current cigarette smokers, especially increased abundance of Prevotella and Megasphaera genera, may facilitate disease development

Integrated evolutionary analysis reveals antimicrobial peptides with limited resistance

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising antimicrobials, however, the potential of bacterial resistance is a major concern. Here we systematically study the evolution of resistance to 14 chemically diverse AMPs and 12 antibiotics in Escherichia coli. Our work indicates that evolution of resistance against certain AMPs, such as tachyplesin II and cecropin P1, is limited. Resistance level provided by point mutations and gene amplification is very low and antibiotic-resistant bacteria display no cross-resistance to these AMPs. Moreover, genomic fragments derived from a wide range of soil bacteria confer no detectable resistance against these AMPs when introduced into native host bacteria on plasmids. We have found that simple physicochemical features dictate bacterial propensity to evolve resistance against AMPs. Our work could serve as a promising source for the development of new AMP-based therapeutics less prone to resistance, a feature necessary to avoid any possible interference with our innate immune system

LDPE-2 üzem kisnyomású körének vizsgálata

LDPE-2 üzem kisnyomású körének vizsgálata A szakdolgozatom célja az LDPE-2 üzemi kisnyomású kör gázában lévő oligomerek összetételének meghatározása korszerű analitikai eszközökkel és javaslattétel az oligomerek leválasztására.Bscvegyészmérnökg