which is the best physical treatment for osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the articular cartilage, and it represents one of the most common causes of disability in the world. It leads to social, psychological and economic costs with financial consequences. Different OA treatments are usually considered in relation to the stage of the disease, such as surgical management, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments. In relation to mild OA, non-pharmacologic and behavioral treatments are recommended because they are less invasive and better tolerated by patients. All of these treatments used to manage OA are problematic, but solutions to these problems are on the horizon. For this reason, we decided to realize this report because until today, there has been very little information regarding the physical treatment of this important disease to help medical doctors and patients in the choice of the best adapted training to manage pain and disability limitations in patients with OA. The aim of this review is to find some answer in the management of OA through physical therapy treatment. In the present review, we analyze data from the most recent literature in relation to the effects of physical exercise on mild OA. All data suggest that training exercise is considered an effective instruments for the treatment of mild OA. The literature search was conducted on PubMed, using appropriate keywords in relation to exercise and osteoarthritis

the journal of functional morphology and kinesiology journal club series highlights on recent papers in gait and posture

We are glad to introduce the third Journal Club. The third edition is focused on several relevant studies published in the last years in the field of Gait and Posture, chosen by our Editorial Board members. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you a passion for sport seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture

Morphological and Functional Aspects of Human Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle has multiple functions and is a key component of the locomotor system. It consists of carbohydrates and amino acids for different tissues such as skin, heart and brain. It contributes to the maintenance of blood glucose levels during periods of starvation. Skeletal muscle health is particularly important for the prevention of various diseases. This review discusses various aspects of skeletal muscle tissue including its development, structure, function and morphology, including the guidelines for histology methods. We have also discussed, sarcopenia, age-related muscle diseases and exercise. We hope this review will benefit readers of a clinical and non-clinical background

Oxidative stress and skeletal muscle in exercise

Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are often associated with damage to cellular functions. ROSs production is indicatives of oxidative stress during physical exercise. Oxidative stress occurs in those circumstances in which free radicals determine a tissue damage or production of toxic and dangerous compounds for tissues. In a relaxation state, antioxidant defense of body may hold under control free radicals. Physical activity promotes specific adaptations in relation to type, intensity and duration of physical exercise performed, and a cytoprotective response in skeletal muscle is the increased production of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In ageing, skeletal muscle shows a series of deteriorations, and numerous data suggest that redox processes may play an important role in ageing processes

ADAM10 Localization in Temporomandibular Joint Disk with Internal Derangement: An Ex Vivo Immunohistochemical Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of ADAM10 in temporomandibular joint disk with internal derangement. Twenty-five paraffin blocks of displaced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk specimens from earlier investigations were retrieved from the archives of the University of Catania. Of these 16 had been removed from females and 9 from males; 11 with anterior disk displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and 14 with anterior disk displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). The sections were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and cut. Then they were incubated in 0.3% H2O2/methanol and half of sections from each sample were incubated in diluted rabbit polyclonal anti-ADAM10 antibody. Then biotinylated anti-mouse/anti-rabbit IgG was applied to the sections, followed by avidin–biotin–perioxidase complex. The results were analyzed and the results were that ADAM10 was overexpressed in the posterior band of sections from patients with ADDwR compared to the other bands of both ADDwR and ADDwoR sections. Overexpression correlated with severe histopathological degeneration. We believe these results have the potential to provide insights into the pathogenesis of TMJ disk degeneration and to help design new therapeutic approaches targeting the proteolytic events that lead to tissue degeneration. Early therapeutic block of ADAM10 activity could succeed in limiting aggrecan-rich matrix breakdown without affecting normal physiology

Possibilities place-based outdoor education in a brazilian context

Nesse artigo apresentamos a Educação ao Ar Livre, área de estudo presente em países anglo-saxões e germânicos. Através de um diálogo, buscamos maneiras significativas de aplicá-la e verificar sua possibilidade no contexto brasileiro. Para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa, realizamos uma revisão da literatura, considerando conceitos de lugar; educação baseada no lugar e Educação ao Ar Livre. A partir desse referencial, elaboramos uma série de atividades de Educação ao Ar Livre voltadas ao lugar — no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil, com alunos do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental, com cerca de sete anos de idade. Essas práticas foram planejadas considerando a chamada Teoria da Mudança, que inclui as ações e os resultados diretos e indiretos, que esperávamos construir. Duas semanas após a realização das atividades aplicamos entrevistas qualitativas semiestruturadas, no formato de grupo focal. Os resultados nos indicam que os alunos participantes do projeto apresentaram mudanças em sua conexão com o lugar, expandindo o seu senso de comunidade e pertencimento, levando à reflexões sobre a sua receptividade ao lugar. Identificamos a diminuição do individualismo dos sujeitos alunos. Pensamos que as análises estabelecidas nesse trabalho, podem oferecer um caminho que venha possibilitar a implementação da Educação ao Ar Livre voltada ao estudo do lugar, considerando as particularidades do nosso país.In this article, we aim to approach Outdoor Education, an area of study mainly present in Anglo-Saxon and Germanic countries. Through a dialogue between Geography and Outdoor Education, we search meaningful ways of applying it and verifying its possibilities in a Brazilian context. To achieve the objectives established in our research, we carried out a literature review, considering the concepts of Place, Place-based Education and Outdoor Education. Considering this framework, we elaborated a week of Place-based Outdoor Education activities in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, the students that participated of the project attended their second year of elementary school, and had around seven years old. These practices were designed considering a model of theory of change, which included the actions and the direct and indirect results that we expected to emerge from them. Two weeks after carrying out these activities, we applied qualitative semi-structured interviews, in the format of focus groups. The results indicated that the children who participated in the project presented changes in their connection with the place, expanding their sense of community and belonging, and this lead to reflections on their placeresponsiveness. In addition, indirectly, we identified a subtle increase in confidence and a decrease in the students’ individualism. We understand that the analyses presented in this work, might offer a way that may enable the implementation of a Place-bases Outdoor Education in Brazil

Outdoor education and geography : possibilities in the Brazilian school curriculum

Nesse trabalho abordamos novas metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem e refletimos sobre resultados possíveis que possam emergir através dessas práticas. A educação ao ar livre (outdoor education) é uma área de ensino bastante presente em países europeus, em especial, países de origem anglo-saxônica e germânica. No Brasil, a educação ao ar livre em alguns momentos é incorporada por institutos e organizações não governamentais, mas ainda é pouco explorada no ensino escolar. Pensamos sobre os caminhos possíveis que possam ser construídos através do diálogo com essa área no brasil. uma das nossas dúvidas é: o que diferencia a educação ao ar livre de uma prática pedagógica realizada fora da sala de aula? Essa é uma das perguntas que orientará nossas reflexões nesse trabalho. Buscamos nessa pesquisa pensar a educação ao ar livre voltada para o lugar, na qual o descobrimento da comunidade local e do espaço vivido está presente nas práticas de ensino e aprendizagem que buscam o exercício da cidadania. Dessa forma, uma educação que instigue o envolvimento com a comunidade local, a compreensão das características naturais do lugar e uma sensação de corresponsabilidade pelo espaço, pode contribuir para a formação cidadã e o cuidado com o espaço vivido. A pesquisa ainda se encontra em suas etapas iniciais e a metodologia desenvolvida até então foi constituída da construção de referencial teórico que permita refletir sobre os conceitos relacionados a temas como a complexidade, a educação ao ar livre, o ensino de geografia, a paisagem e o lugar. Realizamos uma análise da base nacional comum curricular do Brasil, considerando os anos finais do ensino fundamental, na área das ciências humanas no componente curricular de geografia, para a partir das competências pensadas para o componente, identificar as possibilidades de aplicação de práticas de educação ao ar livre para o desenvolvimento destas. Refletimos sobre a forma como a educação ao ar livre permite a construção de competências geográficas e transformações pessoais, e apresentamos através de atividades as potencialidades dessas práticas.In this work we approach new teaching and learning methodologies and reflect on the possible results that might emerge from these practices. Outdoor education (outdoor education) as a study area is largely present in European countries, especially countries of Anglo-Saxon and German origins. In Brazil, non-governmental institutes and organizations sometimes incorporate outdoor education, but this subject is still little or even no explored in regular school education. In this paper we consider the paths that this area might allow to be developed in Brazil. One of the main questions that emerge is: what differentiates outdoor education from a pedagogical field trip carried out outside the classroom? This is one of the questions that will guide our reflections on this work. In this research we seek to approach outdoor education focused on the concept of place, in which the discovery of the local community and the living space are present in the teaching and learning activities that seek the exercise of citizenship. In this way, an education that instigates the involvement with the local community, the understanding of the natural characteristics of a place and a feeling of co-responsibility for the space, can contribute to citizen formation and care with the living space. The research is still in its initial stages and the methodology that has been developed consisted in the building of a theoretical framework that allows us to reflect on concepts related to topics such as complexity, outdoor education, geography teaching, landscape and place. we conducted an analysis of the da base nacional comum curricular (brazilian common national curricular base), considering the final years of elementary education, in the area of human sciences in the curricular component of geography, in order to identify the possibilities of applying outdoor educational practices for the development of specific abilities and skills. We reflect on how outdoor education allows the building of geographical skills and personal transformations, and we present those reflections through activities that can be potential practices

Post-operative rehabilitation in osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative process involving the progressive loss of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation and structural changes to the subchondral bone that lead to loss of synovial joint structural features and impaired functionality of the articular cartilage. OA represents one of the most common causes of physical disability in the world. Different OA treatments are usually considered in relation to the stage of the disease. However, in the earlier stages of the disease, it is possible to recommend physical activity programs that can maintain joint health and keep the patient mobile, as recommended by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). In the most severe and advanced cases of OA, surgical intervention is necessary. In early post-operative stages, it is essential to include rehabilitation exercise program therapies in order to restore the full function of the involved joint. Physical therapy is crucial for the success of any surgical procedure and can promote recovery of muscle strength, range of motion, coordinated walking, proprioception and mitigate joint pain. After discharge from the hospital, patients should continue the rehabilitation exercise program at home. In this review, we analyze articles from the most recent literature and provide a balanced and comprehensive overview of the latest discoveries in relation to the effects of physical exercise on post-operative rehabilitation in OA. The literature search was conducted in April 2014 using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using the keywords 'osteoarthritis', 'rehabilitation' and 'exercise', in a range of period 2002/2014 and out of 100 papers we have chosen 48 that we considered more appropriate. The available data suggests that physical exercise is effective, economical and accessible to everyone, and is one of the most important components of post-operative rehabilitation for OA