The geodesic flow on nilmanifolds associated to graphs

We study the geodesic flow on nilmanifolds associated to graphs. We are interested in the construction of first integrals to show complete integrability on some compact quotients. We start on the corresponding Lie group equipped with a left-invariant metric, which is induced to the quotients. Also examples of integrable geodesic flows and of non-integrable ones are shown.Fil: Ovando, Gabriela Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Departamento de Matemática y Estadística; Argentin

Distributional issues in natural capital accounting: an application to land ownership and ecosystem services in Scotland

Accounting for ecosystems is increasingly central to natural capital accounting. What is missing from this, however, is an answer to questions about how natural capital is distributed. That is, who consumes ecosystem services and who owns or manages the underlying asset(s) that give rise to ecosystem services. In this paper, we examine the significance of the ownership of land on which ecosystem assets (or ecosystem types) is located in the context of natural capital accounting. We illustrate this in an empirical application to two ecosystem services and a range of ecosystem types and land ownership in Scotland, a context in which land reform debates are longstanding. Our results indicate the relative importance of private land in ecosystem service supply, rather than land held by the public sector. We find relative concentration of ownership for land providing comparatively high amounts of carbon sequestration. For air pollution removal, however, the role of smaller to medium sized, mostly privately owned, land holdings closer to urban settlements becomes more prominent. The contributions in this paper, we argue, represent important first steps in anticipating distributional impacts of natural capital (and related) policy in natural capital accounts as well as connecting these frameworks to broader concerns about wealth disparities across and within countries

Understanding values beyond carbon in the Woodland Carbon Code in Scotland

Acknowledgments Paola Ovando and James Koronka thank the financial support of the Macaulay Development Trust through the Fellowship on Natural Capital at the James Hutton Institute, and the project Finding Viable Pathways for Forest Carbon Offsetting in Europe: FOREWAY (Plan Estatal: PID2021-125340OA-I00). James Koronka began this research as a Masters student at the University of Aberdeen supervised by P. Ovando and J. Vergunst. We especially thank Phoebe Somerville for her support with carbon buyer data preparation. We are very grateful to all the people we interviewed for contributing to this research, Vicky West for providing a UK WCC projects database, Pat Snowdon and James Hepburne Scott for their valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper, and attendees of the Hutton Symposium 2020 for their valuable comments.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Measuring total social income of a stone pine afforestation in Huelva (Spain)

We apply an experimental ecosystem accounting approach aimed at estimating the contribution of ecosystem services to total social income accrued from a Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) forest as the result of afforestation in Huelva Province, Spain. The study encompasses private market products such as timber, pine cones, and forest conservation intermediate services; and non-market final services that include private amenities and public services such as landscape, free-access recreation and carbon sequestration services. We show how the total income of each single product is distributed amongst the factorial rewards to labor, and environmental and manufactured assets. Private products account for 46% of the average total income that the Stone pine forest would yield over its rotation, while public services comprise the remaining 54%. Our results also suggest that the production of public non-market services would offset the government compensation payments to support Stone pine afforestation and management. Finally, the results show that, on average, 7% of the estimated total income would be captured by the current System of National Accounts for forestry if applied to our case study (including only the net value added from timber and pine cone production and from plantation investment) and that 14% of this income would be dislocated into the government institutional accounts

Risks of Future Droughts and their Impacts on Scottish Private Water Supplies

In recent years, Scotland has been experiencing lower-than-average rainfall in the spring and summer seasons leading to water scarcity in many parts of the country, especially during the summer months. Climate change is likely to exacerbate these dry conditions even more in the future, presenting significant risks to water resources management. Businesses and households, especially those relying on Private Water Supplies (PWS) in rural areas, such as boreholes and springs, have already observed noticeable changes in the quantity and quality of water during the dry periods. Around 3.5% of the Scottish population relies on PWS which includes households, industries, agriculture, and the tourism industry. This study aims to project future drier periods from 2041-2080 across Scotland on a 1-km grid, using the Standardised Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index and the observed meteorological data from 1981-2020 as the baseline. Results suggest low to extreme drought conditions in all 1-km cells , with increases in dry conditions likely to be highest in the eastern parts of Scotland, showing a distinct spatial variability in drought characteristics across Scotland. In future work, past and future drought occurrences will be linked with the water quality characteristics of PWS to understand the likely impact of future droughts on Scotland’s water security. The water quality dataset has been made available from the Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland for the period 2006-2020 for nearly 6000 PWS locations. These PWS have been monitored twice a year on an average for their water quality. They span across 25 administrative areas in Scotland and represent roughly 27% of the total PWS in Scotland. Water quality variables such as faecal coliforms, E.coli, iron, turbidity, lead, pH, colour, nitrate and phosphate will be included in the analysis to facilitate planning for effective, resilient water resources management and ensure access to clean water to maintain health and livelihoods

Risks of Future Droughts and their Impacts on Scottish Private Water Supplies

In recent years, Scotland has been experiencing lower-than-average rainfall in the spring and summer seasons leading to water scarcity in many parts of the country, especially during the summer months. Climate change is likely to exacerbate these dry conditions even more in the future, presenting significant risks to water resources management. Businesses and households, especially those relying on Private Water Supplies (PWS) in rural areas, such as boreholes and springs, have already observed noticeable changes in the quantity and quality of water during the dry periods. Around 3.5% of the Scottish population relies on PWS which includes households, industries, agriculture, and the tourism industry. This study aims to project future drier periods from 2041-2080 across Scotland on a 1-km grid, using the Standardised Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index and the observed meteorological data from 1981-2020 as the baseline. Results suggest low to extreme drought conditions in all 1-km cells , with increases in dry conditions likely to be highest in the eastern parts of Scotland, showing a distinct spatial variability in drought characteristics across Scotland. In future work, past and future drought occurrences will be linked with the water quality characteristics of PWS to understand the likely impact of future droughts on Scotland’s water security. The water quality dataset has been made available from the Drinking Water Quality Regulator for Scotland for the period 2006-2020 for nearly 6000 PWS locations. These PWS have been monitored twice a year on an average for their water quality. They span across 25 administrative areas in Scotland and represent roughly 27% of the total PWS in Scotland. Water quality variables such as faecal coliforms, E.coli, iron, turbidity, lead, pH, colour, nitrate and phosphate will be included in the analysis to facilitate planning for effective, resilient water resources management and ensure access to clean water to maintain health and livelihoods

Principio de inducción

Supongamos tener 1.000.000 de lamparitas eléctricas alineadas de tal forma que al encenderse una de ellas se enciende la siguiente. En un momento dado queremos saber si todas las lamparitas están encendidas. La verificación directa sería bastante trabajosa, pero el lector ya habrá encontrado otra forma de resolver el problema. Dirá: "Basta con observar si la primera lamparita está encendida". Investiguemos ahora, en nuestro razonamiento, cuáles han sido las hipótesis que nos han permitido asegurar que todas las lamparitas están encendidas. 1)Sabemos que la primera lamparita está encendida, 2) sabemos que si una lamparita está encendida, también está encendida la siguiente. Para generalizar este razonamiento a otros casos similares, numeremos las lamparitas de 1 en adelante y asociemos a cada número n una proposición que abreviaremos P( n) y dice lo siguiente: "la lamparita n está encendida". La proposición P(n) puede ser, evidentemente, verdadera o falsa

Bringing more exploration and interaction to scenario modeling and data visualisation through 3D GIS and Virtual Reality

A prototype 3D GIS and Virtual Reality model has been developed to present future scenarios of woodland expansion and climate data visualisation. Spatial Multi-criteria Analysis has been applied to decide where to plant new forests, recognizing a range of land-use objectives. 3D responsive pie and bar charts have been created and integrated with the virtual landscape model which is used to convey attractive and understandable information. Findings show it has potential implications for the planning of future woodland and interactive data visualisation to increase the effectiveness of their use and contribution to wider sustainable ecosystems

Especialización en cuidados Gineco-Obstétricos, programa de salud

La cesárea es una intervención quirúrgica que consiste en la extracción del recién nacido a través de la incisión de la pared abdominal y del útero. A pesar de ser muy útiles, aumentan significativamente el riesgo a padecer complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. En esta situación los cuidados de enfermería se hacen especialmente importantes para evitar en la medida de lo posible las complicaciones mediante un buen manejo de los conocimientos Gineco-Obstétricos.<br /

Spatial valuation of forests' enviromental assets: an application to Andalusian Silvopastoral farms

We develop a model that estimates spatially allocated environmental asset values for the simultaneous provision of seven ecosystem services. We examine the effect of heterogeneous spatial and economic factors on asset figures, and identify potential forestry abandonment problems when continuing with forestry activity becomes unprofitable for the landowner. Our results show a relevant spatial variability according to forest species distribution and structure. We examine potential trade-offs among silvopastoral provisioning services, water, and carbon sequestration services. Results forecast the abandonment of forestry activity and quantify the significant impact of discount rates and prices on asset values