Mechanisms Underlying Metabolic and Neural Defects in Zebrafish and Human Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD)

In humans, mutations in electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) lead to MADD/glutaric aciduria type II, an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of devastating neurological, systemic and metabolic symptoms. We show that a zebrafish mutant in ETFDH, xavier, and fibroblast cells from MADD patients demonstrate similar mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities, including reduced oxidative phosphorylation, increased aerobic glycolysis, and upregulation of the PPARG-ERK pathway. This metabolic dysfunction is associated with aberrant neural proliferation in xav, in addition to other neural phenotypes and paralysis. Strikingly, a PPARG antagonist attenuates aberrant neural proliferation and alleviates paralysis in xav, while PPARG agonists increase neural proliferation in wild type embryos. These results show that mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to an increase in aerobic glycolysis, affects neurogenesis through the PPARG-ERK pathway, a potential target for therapeutic intervention

Outcomes and Satisfaction After Delivery of a Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Plan: Results of a Multicenter Trial

Survivorship care plans (SCPs) have been suggested to reduce fragmentation of care experienced by cancer survivors. Acceptance of SCPs is high, but trials in the United States are few. This pilot study used a quasiexperimental design to examine the outcomes achieved by breast cancer survivors receiving a standardized SCP visit at one of seven comprehensive cancer centers

Separate, But Equal: The Mississippi Photographs of Henry Clay Anderson

By Henry Clay Anderson, with essays by Shawn Wilson, Clifton L. Taulbert, and Mary Panzer PublicAffairs (Hardcover, $35.00, ISBN: 1586480928, 11/2002) “I received my first camera when I was about nine years old,” Anderson writes in one of the five essays accompanying this collection of his work. “I tried to catch pictures of people, cats, trees, houses, whatever was interesting to me as a little boy.” After studying photography on the GI Bill, Anderson opened a studio in Greenville, Mississippi, in 1948. This slim volume presents 130 or so straightforward but affecting photos of a conservative, respectable, and separate African-American world during the Jim Crow years. Anderson documents children in their Sunday best, a postman, a majorette, a white-frocked girl posing next to a birthday cake with six candles, teenaged bathing beauties parading in front of a crowd, a group shot of the Rabbit Foot Minstrels (“The Greatest Colored Show on Earth”) and weddings and funerals. The pictures show a way of life that, for obvious reasons, will not inspire nostalgia, but which certainly had its share of dignity and beauty. And to young would-be photographers, Anderson advised: “Try to show not the picture only, but show the person who had the ambition. And if he’s showing it, he shows himself.” —Copyright 2002 Reed Business Information, Inc. (from Publishers Weekly)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mwp_books/1289/thumbnail.jp

Administrative Files - Conferences and Events - Visual Culture and Archives Symposium - April 05, 2013 - Part 13 - "Forward Perspectives"

Nancy Bartlett (Associate Director of the Bentley Historical Library) introduces commentator Mary Panzer (Historian and photograph curator) and panelists Terry Cook (consultant and lecturer; Fellow of the Society of American Archivists, Fellow of the Canadian Society of Office Automation Professionals, and Fellow of the Association of Canadian Archivists) and Joan Schwartz (Associate Professor/Queen’s National Scholar in the Department of Art, Queen’s University, Kingston). Panzer provides an overview of the symposium and Cook and Schwartz reflect on the questions and issues that panelists have raised.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97410/1/040513_13_Panel.mp

Neuromuscular synaptogenesis in wild-type and mutant zebrafish

Genetic screens for synaptogenesis mutants have been performed in many organisms, but few if any have simultaneously screened for defects in pre- and postsynaptic specializations. Here, we report the results of a small-scale genetic screen, the first in vertebrates, for defects in synaptogenesis. Using zebrafish as a model system, we identified seven mutants that affect different aspects of neuromuscular synapse formation. Many of these mutant phenotypes have not been previously reported in zebrafish and are distinct from those described in other organisms. Characterization of mutant and wild-type zebrafish, from the time that motor axons first arrive at target muscles through adulthood, has provided the new information about the cellular events that occur during neuromuscular synaptogenesis. These include insights into the formation and dispersal of prepatterned AChR clusters, the relationship between motor axon elongation and synapse size, and the development of precise appositions between presynaptic clusters of synaptic vesicles in nerve terminals and postsynaptic receptor clusters. In addition, we show that the mechanisms underlying synapse formation within the myotomal muscle itself are largely independent of those that underlie synapse formation at myotendinous junctions and that the outgrowth of secondary motor axons requires at least one cue not necessary for the outgrowth of primary motor axons, while other cues are required for both. One-third of the mutants identified in this screen did not have impaired motility, suggesting that many genes involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis were missed in large scale motility-based screens. Identification of the underlying genetic defects in these mutants will extend our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation and function of neuromuscular and other synapses

The "Public" Life of Photographs

" The contributors—international curators and scholars from a range of disciplines—examine the emergence of photography as mass culture: through studios and public spaces; by the press; through editorial strategies promoting popular and vernacular photography; and through the dissemination of photographic images in the art world. The contributing authors discuss such topics as how photographic images became objects of appropriation and collection; the faith in photographic truthfulness; Life magazine's traveling exhibitions and their effect on the magazine's “media hegemony”; and the curatorial challenges of making vernacular photographs accessible in an artistic environment. " -- Publisher's website

Lung Microbiota Is Related to Smoking Status and to Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Critically Ill Trauma Patients.

RationaleCigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients after severe trauma; however, the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether cigarette smoking contributes to ARDS development after trauma by altering community composition of the lung microbiota.MethodsWe studied the lung microbiota of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU after severe blunt trauma. To do so, we used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing of endotracheal aspirate samples obtained on ICU admission (n = 74) and at 48 hours after admission (n = 30). Cigarette smoke exposure (quantified using plasma cotinine), ARDS development, and other clinical parameters were correlated with lung microbiota composition.Measurements and main resultsSmoking status was significantly associated with lung bacterial community composition at ICU admission (P = 0.007 by permutational multivariate ANOVA [PERMANOVA]) and at 48 hours (P = 0.03 by PERMANOVA), as well as with significant enrichment of potential pathogens, including Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Haemophilus, and Treponema. ARDS development was associated with lung community composition at 48 hours (P = 0.04 by PERMANOVA) and was characterized by relative enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae and of specific taxa enriched at baseline in smokers, including Prevotella and Fusobacterium.ConclusionsAfter severe blunt trauma, a history of smoking is related to lung microbiota composition, both at the time of ICU admission and at 48 hours. ARDS development is also correlated with respiratory microbial community structure at 48 hours and with taxa that are relatively enriched in smokers at ICU admission. The data derived from this pilot study suggest that smoking-related changes in the lung microbiota could be related to ARDS development after severe trauma

The Photobook World: Artists' Books and Forgotten Social Objects

International audienceThis volume sets out to challenge and ultimately broaden the category of the 'photobook'. It critiques the popular art-market definition of the photobook as simply a photographer's book, proposing instead to show how books and photos come together as collective cultural productions. Focusing on North American, British and French photobooks from 1920 to the present, the chapters revisit canonical works - by Claudia Andujar and George Love, Mohamed Bourouissa, Walker Evans, Susan Meiselas and Roland Penrose - while also delving into institutional, digital and unrealised projects, illegal practices, DIY communities and the poetic impulse. They throw new light on the way that gendered, racial or colonial assumptions are resisted. Taken as a whole, the volume provides a better understanding of how the meaning of a photobook is collectively produced both inside and outside the art market