Fluid dynamic aspects of jet noise generation

Jet engine noise generation and noise propagation was investigated by studying supersonic nozzle flow of various nozzle configurations in an experimental test facility. The experimental facility was constructed to provide a coaxial axisymmetric jet flow of unheated air. In the test setup, an inner primary flow exhausted from a 7 in. exit diameter convergent--divergent nozzle at Mach 2, while a secondary flow had a 10 in. outside diameter and was sonic at the exit. The large dimensions of the jets permitted probes to be placed inside the jet core without significantly disturbing the flow. Static pressure fluctuations were measured for the flows. The nozzles were designed for shock free (balanced) flow at Mach 2. Data processing techniques and experimental procedures were developed in order to study induced disturbances at the edge of the supersonic flows, and the propagation of those disturbances throughout the flows. Equipment used (specifications are given) to record acoustic levels (far field noise) is described. Results and conclusions are presented and discussed. Diagrams of the jet flow fields are included along with photographs of the test stand

Proximate composition and fatty acid and cholesterol content of 22 species of northwest Atlantic finfish

The moisture, fat, ash, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol content are reported for cooked and raw fillets from 22 species of finfish found in the Northwest Atlantic. All but nine species had 1%or less fat. Ocean perch and a spring sampling of mackerel and wolffiSh had about 2% fat, followed by yellowfin tuna, whiting, silver hake, butterfish, and a summer -sampling of mackerel and wolffish with a range of 3-7% fat. Herring had a range of 5-12% fat representing a winter sampling on the low end and summer sampling on the high end of the range. Bluefin tuna (a summer sampling) contained the most fat with a high of 23% fat. Omega-3 fatty acids were present in excess of omega-6 fatty acids. The fattier fISh supplied the most omega-3 fatty acids per gram of tissue. The mean cholesterol content for all species was 57 ± 16 mg/l00 g raw tissue. Finfish from the Northwest Atlantic would appear to fit into the regime for a healthy heart, being low in fat and cholesterol and rich in omega-3 fatty acids.(PDF file contains 42 pages.

An architectural approach with separation of concerns to address extra-functional requirements in the development of embedded real-time software systems

AbstractA large proportion of the requirements on embedded real-time systems stems from the extra-functional dimensions of time and space determinism, dependability, safety and security, and it is addressed at the software level. The adoption of a sound software architecture provides crucial aid in conveniently apportioning the relevant development concerns. This paper takes a software-centered interpretation of the ISO 42010 notion of architecture, enhancing it with a component model that attributes separate concerns to distinct design views. The component boundary becomes the border between functional and extra-functional concerns. The latter are treated as decorations placed on the outside of components, satisfied by implementation artifacts separate from and composable with the implementation of the component internals. The approach was evaluated by industrial users from several domains, with remarkably positive results

Conflicting or complementary role of computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the assessment of thymic cancer and thymoma: Our experience and literature review

Background: To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in patients with thymic cancer and thymoma at initial staging. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed CT and PET/CT scans of 26 patients with a thymic cancer (n = 9) or thymoma (n = 17). Chest CT findings documented were qualitative and quantitative. Both qualitative and semiquantitative data were recovered by PET/CT. The comparisons among histological entities, outcome, and qualitative data from CT and PET/CT were made by non-parametric analysis. Results: PET/CT resulted positive in 15/17 patients with thymoma. CT was available in 5/9 (56%) patients with thymic cancer and in 3/17 with thymoma. All quantitative CT parameters were significantly higher in patients with thymic cancer than thymoma (maximum axial diameter: 45 vs. 20 mm, maximum longitudinal diameter: 69 vs. 21 mm and volume: 77.91 vs. 4.52 mL; all P < 0.05). Conversely, only metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis were significantly different in patients with thymic cancer than thymoma (126.53 vs. 6.03 cm3 and 246.05 vs. 20.32, respectively; both P < 0.05). After a median follow-up time of 17.45 months, four recurrences of disease occurred: three in patients with thymic cancer and one with a type B2 thymoma. CT volume in patients with recurrent disease was 102.19 mL versus a median value of 62.5 mL in six disease-free patients. MTV was higher in the recurrent than disease-free patient subset (143.3 vs. 81.13 cm3), although not statistically significant (P = 0.075). Conclusion: Our preliminary results demonstrated that both morphological and metabolic volume could be useful from a diagnostic and prognostic point of view in thymic cancer and thymoma patients. A large multi-center clinical trial experience for confirming the findings of this study seems mandatory

Bounding the Effects of Resource Access Protocols on Cache Behavior

The assumption of task independence has long been consubstantial with the formulation of many schedulability analysis techniques. That assumption is evidently advantageous for the mathematical formulation of the analysis equations, but ill fit to capture the actual behavior of the system. Resource sharing is one of the system design dimensions that break the assumption of task independence. By shaking the very foundations of the real-time analysis theory, the advent of multicore systems has caused resurgence of interest in resource sharing and synchronization protocols, and also dawned the fact that the assumption of task independence may be forever broken. Research in cache-aware schedulability analysis instead has paid very little attention to the impact that synchronization protocols may have on cache behavior. A blocked task may in fact incur time penalties similar in kind to those caused by preemption, in that some useful code or data already loaded in the cache may be evicted while the task is blocked. In this paper we characterize the sources of cache-related blocking delay (CRBD). We then provide a bound on the CRBD for three synchronization protocols of interest. The comparison between these bounds provides striking evidence that an informed choice of the synchronization protocol helps contain the perturbing effects of blocking on the cache state

Sindacalismo e medio evo : politica contemporanea

- Prefazione #9- I. Autonomia, Libertà Reazione #25- II. Di un criterio "sincero" di distinzione delle forze politiche attuali #11

Accidentes laborales en Enfermería

Dentro del ámbito clínico asistencial el personal del área de enfermería al desempeñar sus actividades, se expone a factores de riesgos de diversa naturaleza, biológicos, químicos, físicos, mecánicos, disergonómicos y psicosociales, cuya dinámica determina la ocurrencia de enfermedades y accidentes de trabajo.&nbsp; A propósito de accidentes laborales, estos son sucesos imprevistos que producen en el trabajador lesiones resultantes de una acción determinada en el curso o en ocasión del trabajo; son numerosos los factores que contribuyen en su aparición y pocas veces, por no decir ninguna, los accidentes ocupacionales son el resultado de una única causa o acción (1). La exposición al riesgo de accidentes dentro del contexto clínico asistencial, no es la misma para todo el colectivo de trabajadores, sea en centros hospitalarios o extra hospitalarios, varía en función del tipo de trabajo desempeñado por cada categoría profesional, destacándose la mayor incidencia en el personal que presta asistencia sanitaria directa. La enfermería representa una de las ocupaciones dentro del sector sanitario que, en términos de exposición a riesgos ocupacionales, dominan entre las demás profesiones del área de la salud. Un recorrido entre las numerosas evidencias científicas publicadas en la literatura reciente&nbsp; muestra un perfil de accidentalidad en profesionales y técnicos de la enfermería , muy variado,&nbsp; en los que destacan los siguientes : exposición&nbsp; accidental percutánea y mucocutánea&nbsp; a sangre y otros&nbsp; fluidos biológicos potencialmente infecciosos;&nbsp;&nbsp; lesiones por&nbsp; sobreesfuerzos físicos;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; resbalones y caídas;&nbsp; lesiones por violencia;&nbsp;&nbsp; traumas físicos por contacto con fuentes de energía;&nbsp; quemaduras térmicas o químicas;&nbsp; asfixia y lesiones por contacto accidental con agentes químicos tóxicos (2-9). El accidente que continua observándose&nbsp; con la mayor prevalencia en enfermeras es el&nbsp; contacto&nbsp; percutáneo a sangre y otros fluidos biológicos ( pinchazos, cortaduras y laceraciones, con agujas y objetos punzo cortantes),&nbsp; seguido de contacto muco-cutáneo ( salpicaduras y splash de sangre o fluidos biológicos en membranas mucosas y piel no intacta); las&nbsp; lesiones musculo esqueléticas por sobre esfuerzo en la asistencia de pacientes, lesiones por resbalones , tropiezos y caídas&nbsp; y&nbsp;&nbsp; violencia verbal y física ocupan frecuencias que engrosan la tasa de&nbsp; accidentalidad en las enfermeras (2,4-5,8- 10). En relación a&nbsp; la exposición a sangre y fluidos corporales, es bien reconocido en entornos sanitarios como un peligro ocupacional que impacta a miles de trabajadores del cuidado de la salud por su potencial para transmitir patógenos sanguíneos, entre ellos, virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), hepatitis C (VHC) o virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), debido a contacto percutáneo&nbsp; y contacto de mucosas o piel no intacta, con sangre, tejidos u otros fluidos biológicos potencialmente infecciosos (11-12)

EVALUACION EXTERNA DE LA CALIDAD DEL LABORATORIO CLÍNICO

En la actualidad el laboratorio clínico evoluciona adaptándose a cambios científicos tecnológicos, organizativos y de gestión, inducidos por los avances en el campo de la medicina, nuevas pruebas y metodologías analíticas, así como la creciente sensibilización y expectativas de los usuarios por disponer de servicios y productos de mayor calidad; en toda esta perspectiva el éxito ante los nuevos desafíos para mejorar su eficacia, dependerá de su desempeño a la vanguardia de la gestión &nbsp;de &nbsp;la calidad, asegurando el logro de los mayores beneficios posibles para la salud del paciente y procurando el óptimo uso de los recursos disponibles en todo su proceso. Sobre esta base, resulta indispensable un sistema de gestión de calidad eficaz, que incluya evaluación interna y programas de evaluación externa de la calidad, lo que proporciona información sobre el nivel de rendimiento del laboratorio en comparación con otros, para promover la armonización de criterios, procedimientos, evaluación de intervenciones, además de ser una estrategia para proporcionar educación y capacitación del recurso humano. &nbsp;Dichos fines requieren que los programas de evaluación externa de la calidad incluyan el proceso total de análisis, no solo enfoque en la fase analítica, sino también la preanalítica y postanalítica, para la obtención de las mejores evidencias que llevan a identificar fuentes de variación, errores en el proceso y oportunidades de mejora de la gestión de la calidad de estos servicios de atención del sector salud en el contexto demandante de los tiempos de hoy. &nbsp;Palabras clave: aseguramiento de la calidad, fase preanalítica, indicadores, seguridad del paciente, laboratorios &nbsp;Abstract &nbsp;Currently, the clinical laboratory get moving adapting to technological, organizational and management changes, induced by advances in the field of medicine, new tests and analytical methodologies, technological innovation, as well as the growing sensitivity and expectations of users to have higher quality services and products; in all this perspective, success in the face of new challenges to improve its effectiveness resulted from its performance at the forefront of quality management, ensuring the achievement of the greatest possible benefits for the patient's health and seeking the optimal use of resources, available throughout your process. On this basis, an effective quality management system, including an internal assessment system and external quality assessment programs, providing information on the level of performance of the laboratory compared to others, is essential to promote harmonization criteria, procedures, exposure assessment, in addition to being a strategy to provide education and training of human resources. These purposes require that external quality assessment programs include the total analysis process, not only focusing on the analytical phase, but also the pre-analytical and post-analytical phases, in order to obtain the best evidence that leads to identifying sources of variation, errors in the process and opportunities to improve the quality management of these health care services in the demanding context of today's times. Key words: Clinical laboratory, quality assurance, extra-analytical phase, indicators, Patient Safet