CSM-CERES-Rice model to determine management strategies for lowland rice production

The cropping system model, namely, the crop environment resource synthesis-rice (CSM-CERES-Rice) model, is a decision supporting tool for the design of crop management. This study aimed to determine management practices for increasing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Laos by using the CSM-CERES-Rice model. The model was evaluated with data sets from the TDK8 and TDK11 cultivars in farmers’ fields in the Vientiane plain in 2012. Anthesis and harvesting dates, growth and yield for various management scenario combinations (eight transplanting dates × two levels of plant densities × three rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application) for both cultivars were simulated by the model from 1980 to 2012. The model evaluation results showed strong agreement between simulated and observed data for days to harvest with a difference within four days. The model provided acceptable accuracy for grain yields with normalized root mean square error values ranging between 1 and 16 %. The results from the model application indicated that TDK8 and TDK11 produced similar yields. Transplanting TDK8 with two plant densities produced similar yields. The highest yield for both cultivars was achieved on the transplanting date of 15 Jan. N-fertilizer application at 60 and 120 kg N ha−1 was able to increase yield for TDK8 by 50 and 87 %, respectively, and for TDK11 by 54 and 70 %, respectively. Rice transplanted on 15 Jan with 5 seedlings hill−1 and N-fertilizer at 120 kg N ha−1 had the highest average yield for both cultivars with 6,460 and 6,351 kg ha−1 for TDK8 and TDK11, respectively. The CSM-CERES-Rice model is an alternative tool in determining crop management practices for rice production

Introducing mungbean as a preceding crop to enhance nitrogen uptake and yield of rainfed rice in the north-east of Thailand

One possible management option for farmers to improve the soil nitrogen (N) supply for rice production is the cultivation of a prior legume. The objective of this study was to investigate the value of such an option in the lowland of the north-east of Thailand. Two experiments were established in 2 typical locations in a split-plot design with 4 replicates. The main plots included 3 nitrogen levels (0, 30, and 60 kg N/ha) and the subplots, 4 pre-rice managements: (i) fallow with weeds removed (FW-); (ii) with weeds incorporated before the rice crop (FW+); (iii) mungbean incorporated at flowering as green manure (MGM); or (iv) incorporated after grains harvest (MR+). In both experiments the difference in rice yield between MGM and MR+ was not significant. In Expt 1, in contrast to Expt 2, the rice yield increase due to MR+ was significant and significantly higher than that due to application of 60 kg N/ha. Moreover, significantly higher apparent recovery of N (ANR(m), kg N uptake increase/kg N supplied by residues), probably due to the continuous flooding of the soil surface, was achieved in this experiment. The low values of internal efficiency of N (IEN, kg total grains/kg total N uptake), ANR(f) (Delta kg N uptake/kg N supplied by fertiliser), and of ANUE(f) (Delta kg grains/kg applied N fertiliser) recorded in the MR+ treatment of Expt 1, suggest that no application of N fertiliser is needed where the soil water conditions allow high recovery of the N supplied by a preceding mungbean crop

Introduction du haricot mongo (Vigna radiata L.) comme précédent cultural pour améliorer la disponibilité de l'azote et le rendement du riz pluvial dans le Nord Est de la Thaïlande

La revue Australian Journal of Agricultural Research devient en 2009 la revue Crop & Pasture Science (nouvel ISSN-L 1836-0947)International audienceOne possible management option for farmers to improve the soil nitrogen (N) supply for rice production is the cultivation of a prior legume. The objective of this study was to investigate the value of such an option in the lowland of the north-east of Thailand. Two experiments were established in 2 typical locations in a split-plot design with 4 replicates. The main plots included 3 nitrogen levels (0, 30, and 60 kg N/ha) and the subplots, 4 pre-rice managements: (i) fallow with weeds removed (FW–); (ii) with weeds incorporated before the rice crop (FW+); (iii) mungbean incorporated at .owering as green manure (MGM); or (iv) incorporated after grains harvest (MR+). In both experiments the difference in rice yield between MGMand MR+ was not significant. In Expt 1, in contrast to Expt 2, the rice yield increase due to MR+ was significant and significantly higher than that due to application of 60 kg N/ha. Moreover, significantly higher apparent recovery of N (ANRm, kg N uptake increase/kg N supplied by residues), probably due to the continuous .ooding of the soil surface, was achieved in this experiment. The low values of internal efficiency of N (IEN, kg total grains/kg total N uptake), ANRf (_kgNuptake/kg N supplied by fertiliser), and of ANUEf (_kg grains/kg applied N fertiliser) recorded in the MR+ treatment of Expt 1, suggest that no application of N fertiliser is needed where the soil water conditions allow high recovery of the N supplied by a preceding mungbean crop

Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility Analyses in Thailand of Continuous Intrathecal Morphine Infusion Compared with Conventional Therapy in Cancer Pain: A 10-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study

AbstractBackground Because of the high initial cost of intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD)-therapy, this study investigated the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of ITDD-therapy in refractory cancer pain management in Thailand over the past ten years.Methods The retrospective study was conducted in cancer pain patients who underwent ITDD-therapy from January 2011-2021 at three university hospitals. Clinical outcomes included the numerical rating scale (NRS), Palliative Performance Scale and the European-Quality-of-Life-Measure-5 Domain. The direct medical and non-medical, as well as indirect costs, were also recorded. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were performed comparing ITDD-therapy with conventional therapy (extrapolated from costs of the same patient before having ITDD-therapy) from a societally-oriented economic evaluation.Results Twenty patients (F:M: 10:10) aged 60 ± 15 years who underwent implantation of an intrathecal percutaneous port (IT-port; n =15) or programmable intrathecal pump (IT-pump; n =5) were included. The median survival time was 78 (IQR 121-54) days after ITDD therapy. At 2-month follow-up, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)/ pain reduction of an IT port (US$2,065.36 (C$2,829.54)/2-point-NRS reduction/lifetime) was lower than for an IT-pump patient (US$5,479.26 (C$7,506.58)/2-point-NRS reduction/lifetime) compared with continued conventional therapy. The ICER/quality-adjusted life years (QALY)-gained for an IT-port compared with conventional treatment was US$93,999.31(C$128,799.06)/QALY-gained, which is above the cost-effectiveness threshold for Thailand.Conclusion The cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of IT-port therapy for cancer pain was high relative to the cost of living in Thailand, above the cost-effectiveness threshold. Prospective cost-analysis studies enrolling more patients with diverse cancers that investigate the benefit of early ITDD-therapy with different-priced devices are warranted