Effect of N, P & K on Fruiting, Yield and Fruit Quality in Guava cv. Pant Prabhat

Response of various combinations of NPK on fruiting, yield and fruit quality were studied in guava cv. Pant Prabhat in a field experiment, over two years. Treatments comprised of three different levels of nitrogen (0, 75 and 150g/plant/year), phosphorus (0, 50 and 100g P2O5/plant/year) and potassium (0, 75 and 150g K2O/plant/ year) in all the possible 27 combinations. Treatments with higher nitrogen level attained maximum yield and fruiting compared to treatments with lower nitrogen levels, in combination with phosphorus and potassium. Maximum yield of 69.64, 60.72 kg/plant and 22.66, 26.35 kg/plant, and, fruit set of 73.23%, 75.07%, 34.73% and 35.65% were recorded with 150g N, 50g P2O5 and 75g K2O/plant/year in the rainy and winter seasons in both years, respectively, while treatment combinations with high potassium level recorded higher ascorbic acid and sugar content in the fruit

What is the role of HLA-I on cancer derived extracellular vesicles? Defining the challenges in characterisation and potential uses of this ligandome

The Human Leukocyte Antigen class I (HLA-I) system is an essential part of the immune system that is fundamental to the successful activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and an effective subsequent immune attack against both pathogen-infected and cancer cells. The importance of cytotoxic T cell activity and ability to detect foreign cancer-related antigenic peptides has recently been highlighted by the successful application of monoclonal antibody-based checkpoint inhibitors as novel immune therapies. Thus, there is an increased interest in fully characterising the repertoire of peptides that are being presented to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells by cancer cells. However, HLA-I is also known to be present on the surface of extracellular vesicles, which are released by most if not all cancer cells. Whilst the peptide ligandome presented by cell surface HLA class I molecules on cancer cells has been studied extensively, the ligandome of extracellular vesicles remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we will describe the current understanding of the HLA-I peptide ligandome and its role on cancer-derived extracellular vesicles, and evaluate the aspects of the system that have the potential to advance immune-based therapeutic approaches for the effective treatment of cancer.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

RF Based Remote Control for Electrical Appliances

This work presented here is to control electrical appliances through RF based remote system. From anywhere without any line of sight, RF based wireless remote control system can change the state of the electrical appliances either in off state or in on state. The controlling circuit is built around RF transmitter and RF Receiver modules which are operating at certain frequency along with a encoder and a decoder with few passive components. The four different channels at the encoder IC are used as input switches and the four channels at the decoder output are connected to the electrical devices through a relay. Here the transmission technique is amplitude shift keying (ASK) and the circuit is powered with 9 Volt. The main objective of this work is to control electrical appliances without line of sight requirement using the RF technology. It has many applications like we can control any independent electrical appliance such as T.V, room light, fan just from a remote. Operating them manually is a tedious job and become hectic sometimes. If one can control devices like fan, TV, lights and music system with a remote from a distance place just by pressing the button, life will become simpler. This will make our life more comfortable and easier

A Secure and Privacy-Preserving Signature Protocol Using Quantum Teleportation in Metaverse Environment

The burgeoning concept of the metaverse as an interconnected virtual space represents the forefront of the next-generation internet. Quantum teleportation, known for its prowess in ensuring secure and reliable communications, stands poised to revolutionize interactions within this immersive digital realm. In this context, we propose a comprehensive interaction protocol tailored for the metaverse environment. The designed protocol entails two fundamental components: first, the interaction between a user and their avatar, facilitated by a secure seven-qubit entangled state; and second, the interaction between two avatars, enabled through an efficient two-qubit entangled state. To fortify the protocol’s resilience, quantum key distribution (QKD) is employed for secure key sharing, while a trusted certificate authority serves as an essential entity for signature verification. Through rigorous safety and efficiency analysis, we demonstrate the protocol’s robustness and performance, ensuring adherence to fundamental security properties such as unforgeability, undeniability, verifiability and traceability. By seamlessly integrating quantum teleportation principles with the metaverse environment, our protocol not only enhances security but also unlocks novel avenues for interaction and exploration within this digital frontier

Interface-Induced Spin Polarization in Graphene on Chromia

The induced spin polarization of graphene on Cr2O3 (001) is investigated using density-functional theory (DFT) and model calculations. The magnetic moment in graphene is a proximity effect and can be regarded as a second-order Stoner scenario, and similar mechanisms are likely realized for all graphene systems with an insulating magnetic substrate. In the absence of charge transfer, the magnetic moment would be quadratic in the exchange field, as contrasted to the usually encountered approximately linear dependence. The net magnetization of the graphene is small, of the order of 0.01 μB per atom, but the energy-dependent spin polarization exhibits pronounced peaks that have a disproportionally strong effect on the spin-polarized electron transport and are therefore important for spin-electronics applications

Effect of flocculating agents on solubility behavior of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) in aqueous sodium chloride system and solution properties at 35 °C

The effect of addition of flocculating agents, viz., alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) (up to 10 wt%) and polyaluminum chloride ([Al(OH)aClb]n, a >1.05; n~15) (up to 6 wt%) on the solubility behavior of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O) in aqueous NaCl solutions has been examined at 35 °C. The solubility of CaSO4·2H2O decreases with the addition of alum while it increases with the addition of polyaluminum chloride without any significant shift in solubility maximum. Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) have also been determined for the quaternary systems (CaSO4·2H2O+NaCl+alum/PAC+H2O) at 35 °C and used to estimate solution isentropic compressibility (κs) and ion-hydration (nh) characteristics. Empirical equations describing the s, ρ, u and κs as a function of solution composition are presented.

From Pseudostreamer Jets to Coronal Mass Ejections: Observations of the Breakout Continuum

The magnetic breakout model, in which reconnection in the corona leads to destabilization of a filament channel, explains numerous features of eruptive solar events, from small-scale jets to global-scale coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The underlying multipolar topology, pre-eruption activities, and sequence of magnetic-reconnection onsets (first breakout, then flare) of many observed fast CMEs/eruptive flares are fully consistent with the model. Recently, we demonstrated that most observed coronal-hole jets in fan/spine topologies also are induced by breakout reconnection at the null point above a filament channel (with or without a filament). For these two types of eruptions occurring in similar topologies, the key question is, why do some events generate jets while others form CMEs? We focused on the initiation of eruptions in large bright points/small active regions that were located in coronal holes and clearly exhibited null-point (fan/spine) topologies: such configurations are referred to as pseudostreamers. We analyzed and compared Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment, and Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager observations of three events. Our analysis of the events revealed two new observable signatures of breakout reconnection prior to the explosive jet/CME outflows and flare onset: coronal dimming and the opening up of field lines above the breakout current sheet. Most key properties were similar among the selected erupting structures, thereby eliminating region size, photospheric field strength, magnetic configuration, and pre-eruptive evolution as discriminating factors between jets and CMEs. We consider the factors that contribute to the different types of dynamic behavior, and conclude that the main determining factor is the ratio of the magnetic free energy associated with the filament channel compared to the energy associated with the overlying flux inside and outside the pseudostreamer dome

Modifying the Substrate Specificity of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Serine Protease Inhibitor Domain 1 to Target Thrombin

Protease inhibitors play a decisive role in maintaining homeostasis and eliciting antimicrobial activities. Invertebrates like the horseshoe crab have developed unique modalities with serine protease inhibitors to detect and respond to microbial and host proteases. Two isoforms of an immunomodulatory two-domain Kazal-like serine protease inhibitor, CrSPI-1 and CrSPI-2, have been recently identified in the hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Full length and domain 2 of CrSPI-1 display powerful inhibitory activities against subtilisin. However, the structure and function of CrSPI-1 domain-1 (D1) remain unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of CrSPI-1-D1 refined up to 2.0 Å resolution. Despite the close structural homology of CrSPI-1-D1 to rhodniin-D1 (a known thrombin inhibitor), the CrSPI-1-D1 does not inhibit thrombin. This prompted us to modify the selectivity of CrSPI-1-D1 specifically towards thrombin. We illustrate the use of structural information of CrSPI-1-D1 to modify this domain into a potent thrombin inhibitor with IC50 of 26.3 nM. In addition, these studies demonstrate that, besides the rigid conformation of the reactive site loop of the inhibitor, the sequence is the most important determinant of the specificity of the inhibitor. This study will lead to the significant application to modify a multi-domain inhibitor protein to target several proteases

Tuning the physicochemical properties of protic-aprotic ionic liquids upon reciprocal binary mixing

The alterations in properties of protic/aprotic (2-hydroxyethylammonium formate)/ 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate) ionic liquids (ILs), based on reciprocal binary mixing concept ([A][B][X][Y]) have been investigated by studying the density, speed of sound, and viscosity of mixtures as a function of temperature. The volume of mixing, isentropic compressibility, excess molar isentropic compressibilities and activation energy of viscous flow have been derived, which indicate a very high level of non-ideality in the mixtures desired to take advantage of improved solvent properties. FTIR spectral analysis and solvatochromic parameters (normalized Reichardt’s parameter, dipolarity/polarizibility, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor coefficients) determined through the solvatochromic probes have been utilized to examine the hydrogen bonding and ion-ion interactions prevailing in the studied systems. Although significant alterations in hydrogen bonding and ion-ion interactions are observed, dispersion type interactions dominate over chemical interactions as indicated by a high positive deviations in the volumes of mixing