La Memoria Visual y la Representación del Genocidio en la Imagen que Falta (Rithy Panh, 2013)

Artigo apresentado como trabalho de conclusão do curso 1 de cinema e audiovisualSerá realizada uma análise da memória visual e da representação do genocídio no documentário La imagen que falta (Rithy Panh, 2013), com o objetivo de debater a relação do cinema com a figura do genocídio, e as imagens que são utilizadas para sua puesta en escena. Contextualizar as ideias de memórias visuais a partir das experiências presentes na biografia do autor; vamos discutir para tanto os aspectos artísticos peculiares da obra, como a utilização de bonecos de argila em espaços destinados à encenação dos fatos. Bem como aspectos que dizem respeito à utilização de imagens de arquivo e ao estudo da memória no campo cinematográfico./Se realizará un análisis de la memoria visual y la representación del genocidio en la película documental La imagen que falta (Rithy Panh, 2013), con el objetivo de debatir la relación del cine con la figura del genocidio y las imágenes que son utilizadas para su puesta en escena. Contextualizando las ideas de las memorias visuales a partir de las experiencias presentes en la biografía del autor; vamos discutir para tal efecto, los aspectos artísticos peculiares de la obra, como el recurso de los muñecos de arcilla en espacios diseñados para la escenificación de los hechos. Así como aspectos que tenga que ver con la utilización de imágenes de archivo y el estudio de la memoria en el campo cinematográfico

ANGA - Curta-metragem

Artigo apresentado como trabalho de conclusão do curso de Cinema e audiovisual.Esta obra trata-se de uma retratação de uma história de origem indígena. Através dos olhos do diretor, e com atores indígenas, por meio do guarani, o momento especial em que um corpo precisa chegar até o rio para fazer a passarem entre esse mundo e o mundo espiritual é retratado em ANGA. Neste artigo, você encontrará todo o processo que foi necessário para dar vida a este projeto, desde a ideia inicial, que começou em uma longa teoria, e um roteiro aberto que contava com a ajuda do ancião indígena Casemiro, até a conclusão, com o produto pronto./ Este trabajo trata de una retractación de una historia de origen indígena. A través de los ojos del director, y con actores indígenas, a través del guaraní, el momento especial en que un cuerpo necesita llegar al río para hacerlos pasar entre este mundo y el mundo espiritual es retratado en ANGA. En este artículo, encontrarás todo el proceso que fue necesario para dar vida a este proyecto, desde la idea inicial, que comenzó en una larga teoría, y un guion abierto que contó con la ayuda del anciano indígena Casemiro, hasta la conclusión, con el producto listo

Literatura nas mídias digitais: aproximações a partir do caso de uma livestream “IRL” de Cid Cidoso na Twitch

En este artículo investigamos los límites literarios del texto digital a través de un livestream interactivo del género IRL (In Real Life), realizado por el streamer Cid Cidoso. Pretendemos centrarnos en la cuestión de la Cultura Digital aplicada a los Estudios Literarios. Por lo tanto, discutimos cómo la audiencia de este tipo de transmisión puede, al mismo tiempo, convertirse en lector digital y co-autor al expresarse a través del chat público de texto, provocando reorganizaciones simbólicas en la transmisión, que se engloban en la propia construcción del streamer. Nuestro objetivo es comprender las posibilidades creativas que los medios digitales nos permiten introducir en el concepto de literatura y cómo ésta se acerca cada vez más a la realidad cotidiana. En este sentido, nos basamos principalmente en las concepciones teóricas de Ludmer (2007) y Manovich (2005). Entre los resultados encontrados, destacamos las estrategias digitales de emancipación del público lector, que es invitado a estar presente, construir y expresar significados subjetivos tanto de la obra expuesta (curaduría de Jorge Takla), como de la ciudad en la que se encuentra, creando así una comunidad lectora con significados simbólicos propios.Neste artigo investigamos as fronteiras literárias do texto digital através de uma livestream interativa, buscamos enfocar como o público leitor também exerce o papel de autoria da referida obra ao interagir através do chat público de texto. O objetivo desta análise é compreender as possibilidades criativas que a mídia digital permite introduzir à concepção de literatura e como esta está cada vez mais próxima da realidade cotidiana. Nesse sentido, nos baseamos nas concepções teóricas de Ludmer (2007) e Manovich (2005).&nbsp

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)