La manifestación del arquetipo de la persona en los distintos roles de la mujer

Después del tiempo de estudio en la Facultad de Psicología y conocer una variedad de autores, se ha escogido la teoría de Carl Gustav Jung, ya que a partir de las conceptualizaciones de ésta acerca del Inconsciente Colectivo, Inconsciente Personal, la energía Psíquica y los diferentes Arquetipos es la que va acorde a nuestra investigación, cuyo tema es: “La manifestación del Arquetipo de la Persona en los distintos roles de la mujer”. Se ha escogido este tema a partir de la incógnita presentada en el transcurso de una terapia en las prácticas pre-profesionales por una paciente, para quien el uso del maquillaje era insignificante y cuando lo hacía, representaba el uso de una máscara. El aporte teórico que se persigue es el de demostrar que la función del Arquetipo de la Persona, que Jung conceptualizó, es el de poner en contacto al ego con su alrededor, viviendo los ideales del individuo y del mundo, para lograrlo asume diferentes roles. Este Arquetipo es percibible a través de los sueños, así como también es percibible el conflicto con el Arquetipo opuesto, la Sombra. Jung sostiene que el Arquetipo de la Persona es un recorte de la psique colectiva y que es de gran importancia para el desarrollo de la personalidad integral; aunque puede cristalizarse y el ego identificarse con él. De acuerdo a lo dicho por Jung en lo que se refiere a la mujer, en la actualidad, el maquillaje que cada una de ellas utiliza para su presentación, tiene que ver con este arquetipo. Es por ello que en esta investigación se tomarán en cuenta cuatro roles: Hija/hermana, Estudiante, Amiga y como Pareja de un total de doce mujeres entre diez y ocho y veinte y cuatro años de edad que residen en la ciudad de Quito, son estudiantes universitarias además de dos Subtenientes del Ejército Ecuatoriano..

Music Stimulation as a Method of Optimizing Autobiographical Memory in Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, with memory being the most affected. Several studies have shown the benefits of music as a complementary treatment for dementia, improving patients’ quality of life. A scientific contribution is needed to show how autobiographic memory could be improved by using musical activities. Objective: The aim of this investigation is to analyze the impact of a musical stimulation protocol on the performance of autobiographical memory in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer’s. Participants and Method: This research was conducted with three patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease: two females (66.7%), and one male (33.3%). One (33.3%) was in the early stages, and two were in the middle stages. This investigation used a quantitative, pre-experimental, longitudinal study with the application of two tests before and after the intervention. Findings: Changes in the performance of autobiographical memory (t=-5.79, p=0.002), and in the semantic component (t=-10.14, p=0.01) were found to be statistically significant, but no changes were evident for episodic memory (t=-0.19, p=0.86). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential effectiveness of using a music protocol to improve the performance of autobiographical memory in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01304 Full Text: PD

Workers´ health disorders: Burnout syndrome on public servers

BackgroundBurnout syndrome encompasses emotional tiredness, depersonalization and the sense of low personal fulfilment.AimsThe aim of this study is to analyse Burnout syndrome on public servers. Methods Participants were 121 employees of public institutions, where 46 were females (38.02 per cent) and 75 males (61.98 per cent), aged between 24 and 58 years (Mage=36.21, SD=7.98). As measurement regent Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey was applied. As statistical analyses descriptive techniques of central tendency and dispersion were conducted. Inferential analyses encompassed correlation techniques, variance comparison and risk factor prediction.Results There were found significant correlations among Burnout dimensions: (a) emotional tiredness, (b) depersonalization, and (c) low personal fulfilment (r=0.32–0.63). Between 5 per cent and 20 per cent of workers presented a high risk to present Burnout’s symptomatology. Male gender presented 1.39 (IC 0.61–3.15) and 1.12 (IC 0.48–2.60) times more probability to present low personal fulfilment and depersonalization respectively. Females presented 1.39 (IC 0.61–3.15) times more probability to present emotional tiredness. According to educational level, workers with secondary level presented lower personal fulfilment (F=4.33, p=0.002) than those with higher educational level.ConclusionAnalyses of data in relationship with previous studies are realized, highlighting the need to implement future interventions in order to diminish the risk for a public server to present the Burnout syndrome

Relationship between cold executive functions and self-regulated learning management in college students

The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between cold executive functions (cEFs), and self-regulated learning management (SRLM) in college students. There is a positive and a statistically significant relationship between cold executive functions (cEFs) and self-regulated learning management (SRLM). This research is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and inferential study, with a correlational approach. The sample was non-probabilistic, by convenience sampling, composed of n = 379 college students belonging to pedagogy careers, 64.1% were males, and 35.9% females, aged between 17 and 34 years old (M = 19.82, SD = 2.41). The results show that there is a strong association between cold executive functions and self-regulated learning management since high performance in cEFs would imply a high performance on learning management. On the other hand, it is also observed a predictive value of planning cEF on SRLM, meaning that, an optimal level of planning would imply adequate management of learning processes. The original contribution of this study is to provide evidence to consider supporting plans for college students to improve their skills in the cEFs, due to the negative impact that failure in higher education represents for the student, their families, and university system. Finally, we think it is necessary to continue the research in depth of these variables, and their influence in higher education academic performance.Relación entre las funciones ejecutivas frías y el aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes universitarios El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre las funciones ejecutivas frías (FEf) y la gestión del aprendizaje autorregulado (GAAR) en universitarios, siguiendo la hipótesis de que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre ambas variables. El estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo de corte transversal, con enfoque correlacional, descriptivo e inferencial. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilística incidental, compuesta por n = 379 estudiantes universitarios de carreras de pedagogía, el 64,1% eran hombres y el 35,9% mujeres, de edades entre 17 y 34 años (M = 19,82, SD = 2,41). Los resultados muestran que existe una asociación fuerte entre funciones ejecutivas frías y gestión del aprendizaje autorregulado, dado que un alto rendimiento en FEf implicaría un alto rendimiento en Gestión del Aprendizaje. También se observa un valor predictor de la FEf de planificación sobre la GAAR, es decir, que un buen nivel de planificación implicaría una adecuada gestión de los procesos de aprendizaje. El aporte original de este estudio es presentar evidencias para que en los planes de apoyo a estudiantes universitarios se consideren estrategias que mejoren sus habilidades en las FEf detectadas, dado el impacto negativo que el fracaso en la educación superior tiene para el estudiante, sus familias y el sistema universitario. Finalmente, creemos que es necesario seguir profundizando en estas variables y en su influencia sobre el desempeño académico en la educación superior

Consideraciones teóricas acerca del apego en adultos

Attachment theory is a significant contribution in the psychological field in order to understand how children build their bonds with a significant person and how this schema affects their development during adolescence and adulthood both in the creation of bonds and in other important aspects, such as learning and social relationships. Possible impacts on cognitive and affective processes are analyzed when the building of secure attachment is disrupted throughout the life cycle but, mainly, during young adulthood. This is due to the significant areas of development during this life stage, such as university, mate searching and work. Therefore, this article reviews theoretical issues of attachment, its relational involvement and its impact on the building of representational patterns that determine the evolution of people and their relationships. Additionally, this study analyzes the types of attachment and describes relevant research with this theory framework, as well as various ways of assessing attachment through scales and other instruments validated in Europe and Asia. It is concluded that there is a weak development of the psychometric area in Latin America; therefore, it is important and necessary to expand this area in the Ecuadorian context. ies.La teoría de apego es un aporte importante en el campo psicológico para comprender la forma en que los niños establecen sus vínculos con una persona significativa y, la manera en que este esquema afecta su desarrollo en la adolescencia y la adultez, tanto en el establecimiento de vínculos como en otros aspectos importantes como el aprendizaje y las relaciones sociales. Se analizan las posibles repercusiones sobre procesos afectivos y cognitivos cuando se producen alteraciones en la conformación de un apego seguro, a lo largo del ciclo vital pero, particularmente, en la adultez joven debido a las áreas importantes de desempeño en esta edad, como son la universidad, la formación de pareja y el trabajo. Es así que, en el artículo se realiza una revisión sobre aspectos teóricos del apego, sus implicaciones relacionales y su impacto en la construcción de modelos representacionales que determinan el devenir de las personas y sus relaciones. Se analizan también los tipos de apego y luego, se describen algunas investigaciones realizadas usando este marco teórico, así como también las diversas formas de evaluar el apego a través de escalas y otros instrumentos que han sido validados en Europa y Asia. Se concluye que existe un débil desarrollo de la parte psicométrica en Latinoamérica y se plantea la importancia y necesidad de ampliar esta área en el contexto ecuatorian

Technology in favor of disability: prevalence study in Ecuador

People with disabilities and special needs are very important part of the society, their needs have not been covered over time. Globalization and technological development helped identify the importance of various groups with disabilities. In Ecuador, this identification allows this social group to be visible and particularly people with visual disabilities, who represent approximately 11% of the population with disabilities. The objective of this research is to identify Ecuador’s cities that maintain a higher prevalence of people with disabilities. To comply with the study, a descriptive analysis was conducted from public information about people registered by the authorized government control body. Obtaining this information makes it possible to establish a baseline of attention with real data, which allows getting a greater focus on the development of this social group and the attention they should receive

Technological intervention through the virtual assistant alexa in the development of linguistic skills of a new language

Nowadays, technological advances have made possible the constant innovation of education, adding resources, tools, and technological devices that are rapidly updated, and improved, is in this scenario where it is proposed to take advantage of the benefits that technology offers, plus the set of informatic abilities that current students have developed from early stages, in benefit of education, since these abilities make easier for teachers to introduce tools, and technological devices into the teaching-learning process. The present research consisted on a technological intervention using the virtual assistant Alexa, with the aim of working on linguistic abilities to learn a new language. The study was conducted with a sample of 32 children aged between 9 and 12 years old. The procedure consisted in the application of an initial assessment (pre-test), then, along 6 weeks an intervention based on the application of Alexa virtual assistant was made, and, at the end of the intervention, a post-test was applied. The intervention focused on four abilities: vocabulary, comprehension of English language, communication skills, and skills of meaning. As results, in vocabulary, there were found statistically significant differences between the pre (M = 4.06), and post-test (M = 7.19); in the comprehension of English language, pre (M = 2.38), and post-test (M = 3.47); regarding communication skills, pre (M = 2.28), and post-test (M = 3.09); and, in skills of meaning, the mean obtained in the pre-test was (M = 3.31), and post-test (M = 4.66); these results contribute with empirical evidence about the improvement in learning a new language. From this research, it is proposed to continue using, and discovering the benefits of different innovations in educative context

Augmented reality teaching resources and its implementation in the teaching-learning process

This work presents a revision of possible applications of the augmented reality in the scholar context, such as the utilization of augmented reality to improve reading comprehension or its application in geometry learning and many others. At the same time, as a contribution to the research field, there is a proposal about the design and development of didactical resources that count with augmented reality objects, images, or illustrative graphs, as well as multimedia videos to improve the teaching-learning process of various academic topics.149-15

Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala ADHD en el Contexto Escolar

Background: The ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD RS IV) is one of the most commonly used scales in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessment. Its psychometric properties have been studied in contexts including Europe and North America, however, in Latin America, there is shortage of empirical evidence about validity or reliability reported by teachers on a scholar context. The aim of the research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the ADHD RS IV based on the behavior of students reported by teachers. Material/methods: Three hundred and forty-five students voluntarily participated in this study (162 men and 183 women), aged between 5 and 15 years (Mage = 10.43, SD = 3.61). As instruments of measurement ADHD RS IV, Perception of Differences Test and Go / No-Go experiment were used. Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were applied and analyzed. Results: In the results it was found that internal consistency coefficient of RS IV ADHD is between .93 and .97. There is a significant statistically correlation between the scale and the number of successes points in the Perception of Differences Test (r = -.55, p = < .001) and mistakes to stimuli no-go (r = .34, p = .002). The classic ADHD model of two factors had good indicators of goodness of fit x2(101) = 321.40, p < .001; CFI = .96; RMSEA = .08 (.07 to .09) and SRMR = .04. Conclusions: The article is finalized highlighting the ADHD RS IV has adequate psychometric properties in order to be applied in the school context

Music stimulation as a method of optimizing autobiographical memory in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, with memory being the most affected. Several studies have shown the benefits of music as a complementary treatment for dementia, improving patients’ quality of life. A scientific contribution is needed to show how autobiographic memory could be improved by using musical activities. Objective: The aim of this investigation is to analyze the impact of a musical stimulation protocol on the performance of autobiographical memory in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer’s. Participants and Method: This research was conducted with three patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease: two females (66.7%), and one male (33.3%). One (33.3%) was in the early stages, and two were in the middle stages. This investigation used a quantitative, pre-experimental, longitudinal study with the application of two tests before and after the intervention. Findings: Changes in the performance of autobiographical memory (t=-5.79, p=0.002), andin the semantic component (t=-10.14, p=0.01) were found to be statistically significant, but no changes were evident for episodic memory (t=-0.19, p=0.86). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential effectiveness of using a music protocol to improve the performance of autobiographical memory in patients with Alzheimer's Disease