149 research outputs found
Economics of production and pricing of rice in the Philippines
The response to price of an underdeveloped country's
agricultural sector is a factor relevant to its economic growth.
Knowledge of the extent of response to price change may lead to
formulation of a sound and effective price legislation policy.
This study attempts to contribute towards this end.
First, an attempt is made to estimate a supply function for rice.
How do farmers respond to changes in the price of rice and to
prices of alternative crops? An attempt is also made to measure
the extent to which changes in the production of rice have arisen
from the changes in acreage planted and changes in yields. Second,
to a lesser extent, we examine the farm prices of palay, the
secular and the seasonal trends. While prices of rice in the Philippines have apparently
been fairly efficient in their resource allocation function, there
is little evidence to indicate that price changes represent an
effective device for influencing aggregate rice output. In spite
of the economic evidence that prices represent an important
incentive in some developing countries, the analysis obtained from
the study showed that rice farmers in the Philippines did not show
a significant response of hectarage relative to price change.
However, there were indications of positive responsiveness. This
implies that the role of price as a development tool is much less
promising if the price change does not produce changes in
hectarage as well as total production. The analysis on yield response infers that the relative
importance of the input factor to yield varies among regions of the
country. Rainfall, for instance, may increase yield for Southern
Tagalog, Eastern Visayas and Northern and Eastern Mindanao but the
effect was the opposite for Central Luzon, Western Visayas and
Southern and Western Mindanao regions. Similarly, a greater
proportion of tenancy cultivated area was found relatively important
to yield in Cagayan Valley, Bicol, Southern Tagalog and Northern and
Eastern Mindanao- Meanwhile, the adoption of the new rice variety
proved a crucial factor in increasing yield for all regions, except
Cagayan Valley where the majority of non-irrigable areas exist.
The yield response estimate for the Philippines revealed
that rice yield responded to increases in rainfall and adoption of
the new rice variety. The presence of an irrigated area also
contributed positively to yield. A greater proportion of
unirrigated and upland ricelands will reduce the yield per hectare
indicated by the negative coefficients
Benthic enrichment in the Georgia Bight related to Gulf Stream intrusions and estuarine outwelling
The distribution patterns of benthic biomass (microbiota, meiofauna, and macrofauna) over the expansive continental shelf of the Georgia Bight suggest nutrient inputs from intrusions of deep Gulf Stream waters at the shelf break…
Benthic response to sedimentation events during autumn to spring at a shallow-water station in the Western Kiel Bight
The response of the benthos to the break up of anoxia in the Kiel Bight (Western Baltic Sea), and to three succeeding events of “external” food supply, consisting of a settled autumn plankton bloom, resuspended matter and macrophyte input during winter, and of a sedimented spring phytoplankton bloom, is described on a community level. The first input of oxygen broke up anoxic conditions and made stored food resources available to decomposition. This “internal” food supply, mainly consisting of protein (folin positive matter), was followed by a drastic increase in heat production and ATP-biomass and caused a period of low redox potential, which lasted for several weeks. During this phase, a plankton bloom (dinoflagellates and diatoms) settled to the sea floor. Although there was an immediate response of benthic activity, this food input was not completely consumed by the strongly disturbed benthic community. During winter resuspended matter and the input of macrophyte debris caused another maximum in benthic activity and biomass despite the low temperature. The response to sedimentation of cells from a diatom bloom during mid March was also without any time lag and was consumed within 5–6 wk. A comparison of the amount of particles collected in a sediment trap with the increase of organic matter in the sediment demonstrated that the sediment collected four times (autumn) and seven to eight times (spring) more than measured by the sediment trap. Strong indications of food limitation of benthic activity were found. During autumn and winter these indications were caused more by physical than by biological processes. The three events of “external” food supply caused a temporary shift in the type of metabolism towards fermentation processes and reduced the redox potential. In spring the development of the benthic community was still being strongly influenced by the events of the preceding summer and autumn
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Anaerobic metabolism in Lake Washington sediments
A method of measuring the dehydrogenase activity of sediments at lOC was
calibrated by direct microcalorimetry at the same temperature. Field
measurements of dehydrogenase activity of sediments in Lake Washington
were converted to rates of metabolic heat release by means of the significant
regression of dehydrogenase activity on metabolic heat release. Simultaneous
field measurements at IOC of oxygen uptake by undistrubed sediment cores
were coverted to rates of metabolic heat release by the factor 4.8 cal
liberated per milliliter of oxygen consumed.
Dehydrogenase activity varies from place to place and differs between layers
of the same core. Although there is a general trend of decreasing activity
with sediment depth, some subsurface layers have relatively high activity.
Dehydrogenase activity, which was detected down to the deepest layers of the
sediment cores, 21 to 31 cm, appears to be more a function of plankton
remains than of total organic carbon in the sediment. The integrated metabolic
heat release based on dehydrogenase activity of the entire core was
invariably greater than the metabolic heat release calculated from the rates
of oxygen uptake. Thus, it appears that the rate of total oxygen uptake by
the sediment surface underestimates benthic community metabolism in the sediment
column
"This House Is Now" (Desert In, episode 1)
Limited Series opera created for Boston Lyric's Opera streaming station, Desert In is a opera created for the screen, "shot" like a television series. It will feature actors from traditionally marginalized groups, and will be directed by James Darrah and Joy Kecken. It is schedule to premiered in late spring 2021.Othe
Coastal upwelling in the Rias Bajas, NW Spain: Contrasting the benthic regimes of the Rias de Arosa and de Muros
Nutrient-rich North Atlantic water upwells off the NW coast of Spain and intermittently intrudes into the rias, coastal embayments, by displacement during periods of offshore winds. High primary production associated with the upwelling supports an intensive raft culture of the edible mussel, Mytilus edulis. This culture is most intensive (ca. 2000 rafts) in the Ria de Arosa, and results in one of the highest protein yields per unit area on earth...
Coastal upwelling in the RĂas Bajas, NW Spain: Contrasting the benthic regimes of RĂas de Arosa and de Muros
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Estimates of new and total productivity in central Long Island Sound from in situ measurements of nitrate and dissolved oxygen
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Estuaries and Coasts 36 (2013): 74-97, doi:10.1007/s12237-012-9560-5.Biogeochemical cycles in estuaries are regulated by a diverse set of physical and
biological variables that operate over a variety of time scales. Using in situ optical sensors, we
conducted a high-frequency time-series study of several biogeochemical parameters at a mooring
in central Long Island Sound from May to August 2010. During this period, we documented
well-defined diel cycles in nitrate concentration that were correlated to dissolved oxygen, wind
stress, tidal mixing, and irradiance. By filtering the data to separate the nitrate time series into
various signal components, we estimated the amount of variation that could be ascribed to each
process. Primary production and surface wind stress explained 59% and 19%, respectively, of the
variation in nitrate concentrations. Less frequent physical forcings, including large-magnitude wind events and spring tides, served to decouple the relationship between oxygen, nitrate, and
sunlight on about one-quarter of study days. Daytime nitrate minima and dissolved oxygen
maxima occurred nearly simultaneously on the majority (> 80%) of days during the study period;
both were strongly correlated with the daily peak in irradiance. Nighttime nitrate maxima
reflected a pattern in which surface-layer stocks were depleted each afternoon and recharged the
following night. Changes in nitrate concentrations were used to generate daily estimates of new
primary production (182 ± 37 mg C m-2 d-1) and the f-ratio (0.25), i.e., the ratio of production
based on nitrate to total production. These estimates, the first of their kind in Long Island Sound,
were compared to values of community respiration, primary productivity, and net ecosystem
metabolism, which were derived from in situ measurements of oxygen concentration. Daily
averages of the three metabolic parameters were 1660 ± 431, 2080 ± 419, and 429 ± 203 mg C
m-2 d-1, respectively. While the system remained weakly autotrophic over the duration of the
study period, we observed very large day-to-day differences in the f-ratio and in the various
metabolic parameters.This work was supported by the Yale
Institute for Biospheric Studies, the Sounds Conservancy of the Quebec-Labrador Foundation,
and the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Carpenter-Sperry Fund.2014-01-0
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